Question 1

As the water of its salt pond evaporates, the brine shrimp Artemia

Accepted Answer

A)  actively transports salt from its extracellular fluid across its gills to the environment. 
B)  osmoconforms. 
C)  actively transports salt from the environment across its gills to its extracellular fluid. 
D)  allows the ionic composition of its extracellular fluid to match that of the environment. 
E)  equilibrates its extracellular fluid with the water of the pond. 
A)  actively transports salt from its extracellular fluid across its gills to the environment. 
B)  osmoconforms. 
C)  actively transports salt from the environment across its gills to its extracellular fluid. 
D)  allows the ionic composition of its extracellular fluid to match that of the environment. 
E)  equilibrates its extracellular fluid with the water of the pond.

Question 2

Refer to the figure showing the vertebrate nephron.   Identify the structures indicated by number 6.What is the function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Peritubular capillaries are in

Question 3

Which statement about an excretory system consisting of Malpighian tubules is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  As ions move into the tubules, water moves out. 
B)  Uric acid is excreted from the rectum. 
C)  There is active transport of ions and uric acid into excretory system. 
D)  There is active transport of ions from hindgut back to extracellular fluid. 
E)  They allow insects to inhabit arid environments. 
A)  As ions move into the tubules, water moves out. 
B)  Uric acid is excreted from the rectum. 
C)  There is active transport of ions and uric acid into excretory system. 
D)  There is active transport of ions from hindgut back to extracellular fluid. 
E)  They allow insects to inhabit arid environments.

Question 4

Which feature does not characterize reptiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  They excrete nitrogenous wastes as urea, losing little water. 
B)  They have a shelled egg that reduces evaporative water loss. 
C)  They have internal fertilization. 
D)  They do not need fresh water to reproduce. 
E)  They have an epidermis that reduces water loss. 
A)  They excrete nitrogenous wastes as urea, losing little water. 
B)  They have a shelled egg that reduces evaporative water loss. 
C)  They have internal fertilization. 
D)  They do not need fresh water to reproduce. 
E)  They have an epidermis that reduces water loss.

Question 5

Refer to the figure showing the excretory system of a flatworm.   Which statement about the excretory system of flatworms is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structure 2 is an excretory pore. 
B)  Structure 6 is a flame cell. 
C)  Solutes are reabsorbed at point 3. 
D)  Cilia beat at point 5, driving fluid down the tubules. 
E)  Movements of the animal help extracellular fluid move between tubule cells. 
A)  Structure 2 is an excretory pore. 
B)  Structure 6 is a flame cell. 
C)  Solutes are reabsorbed at point 3. 
D)  Cilia beat at point 5, driving fluid down the tubules. 
E)  Movements of the animal help extracellular fluid move between tubule cells.

Question 6

Which feature does not characterize urea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its excretion can result in water loss. 
B)  A molecule of it contains more nitrogen atoms than a molecule of ammonia. 
C)  A molecule of it eliminates less nitrogen than does a molecule of uric acid. 
D)  It is highly soluble in water. 
E)  It is produced from the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. 
A)  Its excretion can result in water loss. 
B)  A molecule of it contains more nitrogen atoms than a molecule of ammonia. 
C)  A molecule of it eliminates less nitrogen than does a molecule of uric acid. 
D)  It is highly soluble in water. 
E)  It is produced from the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.

Question 7

Which feature does not characterize ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Highly toxic 
B)  Diffuses rapidly in water 
C)  Must be excreted continuously or converted into another nitrogenous waste 
D)  Highly soluble in water 
E)  Actively transported across gill membranes 
A)  Highly toxic 
B)  Diffuses rapidly in water 
C)  Must be excreted continuously or converted into another nitrogenous waste 
D)  Highly soluble in water 
E)  Actively transported across gill membranes

Question 8

Which statement about Malpighian tubules is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They make up the excretory system of insects. 
B)  An individual organism may have from 2 to 100 Malpighian tubules. 
C)  They empty into the gut. 
D)  They filter nitrogenous wastes by means of a pressure gradient. 
E)  They rely on active transport. 
A)  They make up the excretory system of insects. 
B)  An individual organism may have from 2 to 100 Malpighian tubules. 
C)  They empty into the gut. 
D)  They filter nitrogenous wastes by means of a pressure gradient. 
E)  They rely on active transport.

Question 9

The excretory system of the flatworm Planaria consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  kidneys. 
E)  gills. 
A)  protonephridia. 
B)  metanephridia. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  kidneys. 
E)  gills.

Question 10

The nitrogenous waste _______ is highly toxic, so it is often converted into either urea or uric acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nitrogenous waste _______ is highly toxic,...

Question 11

The excretory systems of terrestrial herbivores conserve _______ ions because most plants have low concentrations of it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The excretory systems of terrestrial herbivores conserve...

Question 12

Terrestrial vertebrates and freshwater bony fishes typically conserve _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Terrestrial vertebrates and freshwater bony fishes typically...

Question 13

In what way are flatworms and annelids not similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia diffuses directly from tissues into the coelom. 
B)  Excretory products leave through a pore. 
C)  Tubule cells modify composition of fluid. 
D)  Filtration occurs due to pressure differences. 
E)  Cilia help sweep fluid into the excretory system. 
A)  Ammonia diffuses directly from tissues into the coelom. 
B)  Excretory products leave through a pore. 
C)  Tubule cells modify composition of fluid. 
D)  Filtration occurs due to pressure differences. 
E)  Cilia help sweep fluid into the excretory system.

Question 14

If a red blood cell is in blood plasma with a solute concentration of 270 mosm/l, and the cytoplasm of the red blood cell is 300 mosm/l, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the volume of the red blood cell will not change. 
B)  water will move into the red blood cell, causing it to swell. 
C)  water will move out of the red blood cell, causing it to shrivel. 
D)  there will be no net movement of water into or out of the red blood cell. 
E)  solutes will be actively transported out of the red blood cell. 
A)  the volume of the red blood cell will not change. 
B)  water will move into the red blood cell, causing it to swell. 
C)  water will move out of the red blood cell, causing it to shrivel. 
D)  there will be no net movement of water into or out of the red blood cell. 
E)  solutes will be actively transported out of the red blood cell.

Question 15

Which statement about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drops in blood pressure promote release of ADH. 
B)  Alcohol inhibits release of ADH. 
C)  ADH helps maintain proper blood volume and blood pressure. 
D)  ADH promotes excessive urination. 
E)  Blood osmolarity affects release of ADH. 
A)  Drops in blood pressure promote release of ADH. 
B)  Alcohol inhibits release of ADH. 
C)  ADH helps maintain proper blood volume and blood pressure. 
D)  ADH promotes excessive urination. 
E)  Blood osmolarity affects release of ADH.

Question 16

Which feature does not characterize the movement of water in excretory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs in response to pressure differences during filtration. 
B)  It always moves out of tubules and into capillaries. 
C)  It occurs via osmosis. 
D)  It always flows up a solute concentration gradient. 
E)  It always flows down a pressure gradient. 
A)  It occurs in response to pressure differences during filtration. 
B)  It always moves out of tubules and into capillaries. 
C)  It occurs via osmosis. 
D)  It always flows up a solute concentration gradient. 
E)  It always flows down a pressure gradient.

Question 17

In humans, excretion of the nitrogenous waste _______ enables the excretion of excess hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In humans, excretion of the nitrogenous waste...

Question 18

Which represents the correct ranking of the water solubility of nitrogenous wastes, from least to most soluble?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia, urea, uric acid 
B)  Urea, uric acid, ammonia 
C)  Uric acid, ammonia, urea 
D)  Uric acid, urea, ammonia 
E)  Ammonia, uric acid, urea 
A)  Ammonia, urea, uric acid 
B)  Urea, uric acid, ammonia 
C)  Uric acid, ammonia, urea 
D)  Uric acid, urea, ammonia 
E)  Ammonia, uric acid, urea

Question 19

Stretch receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries detect increases in blood pressure and _______ release of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate; aldosterone 
B)  inhibit; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
C)  stimulate; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  inhibit; renin 
E)  inhibit; aldosterone 
A)  stimulate; aldosterone 
B)  inhibit; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
C)  stimulate; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  inhibit; renin 
E)  inhibit; aldosterone

Question 20

In a human, about 180 liters of filtrate enter Bowman's capsule each day.Approximately how much of this fluid is typically returned to the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 liters 
B)  18 liters 
C)  40 liters 
D)  90 liters 
E)  178 liters 
A)  2 liters 
B)  18 liters 
C)  40 liters 
D)  90 liters 
E)  178 liters

Exam 51: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

As the water of its salt pond evaporates, the brine shrimp Artemia

Refer to the figure showing the vertebrate nephron. Identify the structures indicated by number 6.What is the function of these structures?

Which statement about an excretory system consisting of Malpighian tubules is false?

Which feature does not characterize reptiles?

Refer to the figure showing the excretory system of a flatworm. Which statement about the excretory system of flatworms is false?

Which feature does not characterize urea?

Which feature does not characterize ammonia?

Which statement about Malpighian tubules is false?

The excretory system of the flatworm Planaria consists of

The nitrogenous waste _______ is highly toxic, so it is often converted into either urea or uric acid.

The excretory systems of terrestrial herbivores conserve _______ ions because most plants have low concentrations of it.

Terrestrial vertebrates and freshwater bony fishes typically conserve _______.

In what way are flatworms and annelids not similar?

If a red blood cell is in blood plasma with a solute concentration of 270 mosm/l, and the cytoplasm of the red blood cell is 300 mosm/l, then

Which statement about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is false?

Which feature does not characterize the movement of water in excretory systems?

In humans, excretion of the nitrogenous waste _______ enables the excretion of excess hydrogen ions.

Which represents the correct ranking of the water solubility of nitrogenous wastes, from least to most soluble?

Stretch receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries detect increases in blood pressure and _______ release of _______.

In a human, about 180 liters of filtrate enter Bowman's capsule each day.Approximately how much of this fluid is typically returned to the blood?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

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Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

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Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

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Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Stretch receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries detect increases in blood pressure and _ release of _.