Question 1

In humans, about _______ percent of the fluid volume filtered out of the glomerulus is returned to the blood via reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  20 
C)  50 
D)  85 
E)  99 
A)  2 
B)  20 
C)  50 
D)  85 
E)  99

Question 2

Which pairing between blood vessels associated with the vertebrate nephron and their function is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Efferent arteriole: carries blood from the glomerulus 
B)  Renal venule: carries unfiltered blood 
C)  Glomerulus: filters blood 
D)  Peritubular capillaries: bring substances to the tubules for secretion into urine 
E)  Afferent arteriole: carries blood to the glomerulus 
A)  Efferent arteriole: carries blood from the glomerulus 
B)  Renal venule: carries unfiltered blood 
C)  Glomerulus: filters blood 
D)  Peritubular capillaries: bring substances to the tubules for secretion into urine 
E)  Afferent arteriole: carries blood to the glomerulus

Question 3

Which feature does not characterize reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reabsorbed substances move from tubule filtrate to interstitial fluid to peritubular capillaries. 
B)  It is facilitated by microvilli on cells. 
C)  Because of reabsorption, the overall osmolarity of the fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule changes dramatically. 
D)  It involves active transport of solutes. 
E)  During reabsorption, water follows solutes. 
A)  Reabsorbed substances move from tubule filtrate to interstitial fluid to peritubular capillaries. 
B)  It is facilitated by microvilli on cells. 
C)  Because of reabsorption, the overall osmolarity of the fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule changes dramatically. 
D)  It involves active transport of solutes. 
E)  During reabsorption, water follows solutes.

Question 4

During urine formation in the vertebrate kidney, the processes of filtration and tubular secretion are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  involve substances moving from the filtrate into the blood. 
B)  rely on pressure differences. 
C)  involve substances moving from the blood into the filtrate. 
D)  rely on active transport. 
E)  occur at Bowman's capsule. 
A)  involve substances moving from the filtrate into the blood. 
B)  rely on pressure differences. 
C)  involve substances moving from the blood into the filtrate. 
D)  rely on active transport. 
E)  occur at Bowman's capsule.

Question 5

Which pairing between substance and process carried out by the vertebrate nephron is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose: reabsorbed 
B)  Amino acids: reabsorbed 
C)  Most NaCl: reabsorbed 
D)  Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH): secreted 
E)  Proteins: reabsorbed 
A)  Glucose: reabsorbed 
B)  Amino acids: reabsorbed 
C)  Most NaCl: reabsorbed 
D)  Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH): secreted 
E)  Proteins: reabsorbed

Question 6

Which statement about frogs that have adapted to living in arid regions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They estivate during dry periods. 
B)  They become active when it rains. 
C)  They burrow deep in the ground. 
D)  They have a large urinary bladder filled with dilute urine, which serves as a water supply. 
E)  They have highly permeable skin. 
A)  They estivate during dry periods. 
B)  They become active when it rains. 
C)  They burrow deep in the ground. 
D)  They have a large urinary bladder filled with dilute urine, which serves as a water supply. 
E)  They have highly permeable skin.

Question 7

In the excretory systems of both flatworms and annelids,

Accepted Answer

A)  flame cells drive reabsorption. 
B)  pressure differences drive filtration. 
C)  nephridiostomes open into the coelom of the animal. 
D)  there is active transport of nitrogenous wastes into excretory tubules. 
E)  there is a close association between excretory tubules and capillaries. 
A)  flame cells drive reabsorption. 
B)  pressure differences drive filtration. 
C)  nephridiostomes open into the coelom of the animal. 
D)  there is active transport of nitrogenous wastes into excretory tubules. 
E)  there is a close association between excretory tubules and capillaries.

Question 8

Except for hagfishes, sharks, and rays, aquatic vertebrates tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be osmoregulators and ionic conformers. 
B)  be osmoconformers and ionic conformers. 
C)  retain urea. 
D)  be osmoregulators and ionic regulators. 
E)  retain trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). 
A)  be osmoregulators and ionic conformers. 
B)  be osmoconformers and ionic conformers. 
C)  retain urea. 
D)  be osmoregulators and ionic regulators. 
E)  retain trimethylamine oxide (TMAO).

Question 9

The two capillary beds associated with a nephron are the _______, which is the site of blood filtration, and the peritubular capillaries, which carry away reabsorbed substances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two capillary beds associated with a...

Question 10

Which statement about the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actions of the thick ascending limb produce lower osmolarity of the interstitial fluid. 
B)  The thick ascending limb is impermeable to water. 
C)  Actions of the thick ascending limb decrease the concentration of the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  Cells of the thick ascending limb reabsorb Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate. 
E)  Actions of the thick ascending limb increase the concentration of interstitial fluid. 
A)  Actions of the thick ascending limb produce lower osmolarity of the interstitial fluid. 
B)  The thick ascending limb is impermeable to water. 
C)  Actions of the thick ascending limb decrease the concentration of the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  Cells of the thick ascending limb reabsorb Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate. 
E)  Actions of the thick ascending limb increase the concentration of interstitial fluid.

Question 11

Which statement about the excretory systems of animals with closed circulatory systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filtration produces filtrate without cells. 
B)  Blood plasma from capillaries is filtered into tubules of the excretory system. 
C)  Secretion and reabsorption follow filtration and modify the composition of the fluid within tubules. 
D)  Water is actively transported during the processing of filtrate into urine. 
E)  Capillary and tubule walls serve as the filter. 
A)  Filtration produces filtrate without cells. 
B)  Blood plasma from capillaries is filtered into tubules of the excretory system. 
C)  Secretion and reabsorption follow filtration and modify the composition of the fluid within tubules. 
D)  Water is actively transported during the processing of filtrate into urine. 
E)  Capillary and tubule walls serve as the filter.

Question 12

When compared with urea, uric acid

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminates more nitrogen per molecule but results in greater loss of water. 
B)  eliminates more nitrogen per molecule and results in lower water loss. 
C)  eliminates less nitrogen per molecule and results in lower water loss. 
D)  eliminates less nitrogen per molecule and results in greater water loss. 
E)  tends to remain in solution longer. 
A)  eliminates more nitrogen per molecule but results in greater loss of water. 
B)  eliminates more nitrogen per molecule and results in lower water loss. 
C)  eliminates less nitrogen per molecule and results in lower water loss. 
D)  eliminates less nitrogen per molecule and results in greater water loss. 
E)  tends to remain in solution longer.

Question 13

Which of these substance(s) would you expect to find in a urine specimen collected from a healthy person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Red blood cells 
D)  Large molecules 
E)  Amino acids 
A)  Water 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Red blood cells 
D)  Large molecules 
E)  Amino acids

Question 14

The major excretory product of insects is _______, and it is actively transported into _______, which are closely associated with the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid; capillaries; tracheae 
B)  urea; collecting tubules; gut 
C)  uric acid; Malpighian tubules; gut 
D)  uric acid; Malpighian tubules; reproductive tract 
E)  ammonia; capillaries; coelom 
A)  uric acid; capillaries; tracheae 
B)  urea; collecting tubules; gut 
C)  uric acid; Malpighian tubules; gut 
D)  uric acid; Malpighian tubules; reproductive tract 
E)  ammonia; capillaries; coelom

Question 15

When sodium reabsorption by the kidneys decreases,

Accepted Answer

A)  water reabsorption also decreases. 
B)  Cl- reabsorption increases. 
C)  less urine is produced. 
D)  blood pressure increases. 
E)  blood volume rises. 
A)  water reabsorption also decreases. 
B)  Cl- reabsorption increases. 
C)  less urine is produced. 
D)  blood pressure increases. 
E)  blood volume rises.

Question 16

Which statement about osmosis and ionic concentrations is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis involves the movement of water across cell membranes. 
B)  When the solute concentration of extracellular fluid is less than that of the cytoplasm, then water moves into cells. 
C)  When the solute concentration of extracellular fluid is greater than that of the cytoplasm, then water moves out of cells. 
D)  The solute concentration of extracellular fluid influences cell volume and solute concentration. 
E)  Excretory systems actively transport water back into the extracellular fluid. 
A)  Osmosis involves the movement of water across cell membranes. 
B)  When the solute concentration of extracellular fluid is less than that of the cytoplasm, then water moves into cells. 
C)  When the solute concentration of extracellular fluid is greater than that of the cytoplasm, then water moves out of cells. 
D)  The solute concentration of extracellular fluid influences cell volume and solute concentration. 
E)  Excretory systems actively transport water back into the extracellular fluid.

Question 17

Which structure connects the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal pyramid 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  Renal pyramid 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Collecting duct

Question 18

Sharks and rays retain urea to raise the _______ of their body fluids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sharks and rays retain urea to raise...

Question 19

The excretory system of an animal that lives in a _______ environment, typically _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  freshwater; conserves salts and excretes excess water 
B)  terrestrial; conserves salts and excretes excess water 
C)  terrestrial; conserves water and excretes excess salts 
D)  freshwater; excretes excess salts and water 
E)  freshwater; conserves water and excretes excess salts 
A)  freshwater; conserves salts and excretes excess water 
B)  terrestrial; conserves salts and excretes excess water 
C)  terrestrial; conserves water and excretes excess salts 
D)  freshwater; excretes excess salts and water 
E)  freshwater; conserves water and excretes excess salts

Question 20

Angiotensin prompts all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  increased thirst. 
B)  constriction of the efferent glomerular arteriole. 
C)  dilation of peripheral blood vessels. 
D)  release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex. 
E)  increased glomerular filtration rate. 
A)  increased thirst. 
B)  constriction of the efferent glomerular arteriole. 
C)  dilation of peripheral blood vessels. 
D)  release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex. 
E)  increased glomerular filtration rate.

Exam 51: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

In humans, about _______ percent of the fluid volume filtered out of the glomerulus is returned to the blood via reabsorption.

Which pairing between blood vessels associated with the vertebrate nephron and their function is incorrect?

Which feature does not characterize reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule?

During urine formation in the vertebrate kidney, the processes of filtration and tubular secretion are similar in that both

Which pairing between substance and process carried out by the vertebrate nephron is incorrect?

Which statement about frogs that have adapted to living in arid regions is false?

In the excretory systems of both flatworms and annelids,

Except for hagfishes, sharks, and rays, aquatic vertebrates tend to

The two capillary beds associated with a nephron are the _______, which is the site of blood filtration, and the peritubular capillaries, which carry away reabsorbed substances.

Which statement about the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is false?

Which statement about the excretory systems of animals with closed circulatory systems is false?

When compared with urea, uric acid

Which of these substance(s) would you expect to find in a urine specimen collected from a healthy person?

The major excretory product of insects is _______, and it is actively transported into _______, which are closely associated with the _______.

When sodium reabsorption by the kidneys decreases,

Which statement about osmosis and ionic concentrations is false?

Which structure connects the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

Sharks and rays retain urea to raise the _______ of their body fluids.

The excretory system of an animal that lives in a _______ environment, typically _______.

Angiotensin prompts all of the following except

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The major excretory product of insects is ___, and it is actively transported into _, which are closely associated with the _____.

The excretory system of an animal that lives in a _ environment, typically _.