Question 1

The internal core of the kidney is the _______, the outer layer is the _______, and _______ are in both.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex; medulla; nephrons 
B)  medulla; cortex; Bowman's capsules 
C)  medulla; cortex; capillary beds 
D)  cortex; medulla; vasa recta 
E)  medulla; cortex; divisions of the renal pelvis 
A)  cortex; medulla; nephrons 
B)  medulla; cortex; Bowman's capsules 
C)  medulla; cortex; capillary beds 
D)  cortex; medulla; vasa recta 
E)  medulla; cortex; divisions of the renal pelvis

Question 2

Which represents the correct ranking of the amount of nitrogenous wastes in a molecule, from least to most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia, urea, uric acid 
B)  Urea, uric acid, ammonia 
C)  Uric acid, ammonia, urea 
D)  Uric acid, urea, ammonia 
E)  Ammonia, uric acid, urea 
A)  Ammonia, urea, uric acid 
B)  Urea, uric acid, ammonia 
C)  Uric acid, ammonia, urea 
D)  Uric acid, urea, ammonia 
E)  Ammonia, uric acid, urea

Question 3

Which statement about protonephridia in a freshwater flatworm is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A protonephridium consists of a flame cell and tubule. 
B)  Extracellular fluid moves into a protonephridium because pressure is lower inside the tubule than it is outside it. 
C)  Tubule cells reabsorb solutes. 
D)  Fewer ions are reabsorbed than secreted. 
E)  Filtrate flows out the excretory pore. 
A)  A protonephridium consists of a flame cell and tubule. 
B)  Extracellular fluid moves into a protonephridium because pressure is lower inside the tubule than it is outside it. 
C)  Tubule cells reabsorb solutes. 
D)  Fewer ions are reabsorbed than secreted. 
E)  Filtrate flows out the excretory pore.

Question 4

Increases in circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) would not cause an increase in

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of aquaporins in cells of the collecting ducts. 
B)  blood volume. 
C)  the permeability of the collecting ducts. 
D)  blood pressure. 
E)  blood osmolarity. 
A)  the number of aquaporins in cells of the collecting ducts. 
B)  blood volume. 
C)  the permeability of the collecting ducts. 
D)  blood pressure. 
E)  blood osmolarity.

Question 5

_______, released by the _______, stimulates a cascade of events that ultimately prompts increases in blood volume, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial natriuretic peptide; heart 
B)  Aldosterone; kidneys 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone; anterior pituitary 
D)  Renin; kidneys 
E)  Renin; hypothalamus 
A)  Atrial natriuretic peptide; heart 
B)  Aldosterone; kidneys 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone; anterior pituitary 
D)  Renin; kidneys 
E)  Renin; hypothalamus

Question 6

The kidneys excrete _______ and conserve _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  acids; bases 
B)  bases; acids 
C)  salts; acids 
D)  bases; salts 
E)  water; acids 
A)  acids; bases 
B)  bases; acids 
C)  salts; acids 
D)  bases; salts 
E)  water; acids

Question 7

Refer to the figure showing the vertebrate nephron.   Based on the figure, which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The structure at point 1 is the afferent arteriole. 
B)  The structures at point 6 carry away reabsorbed substances. 
C)  The fluid at point 7 contains all the substances that were filtered from the blood and not reabsorbed, plus those that were secreted. 
D)  Proteins and red blood cells that are typically found in the fluid at point 5 will be reabsorbed later. 
E)  Fenestrations are present in the structure at point 2. 
A)  The structure at point 1 is the afferent arteriole. 
B)  The structures at point 6 carry away reabsorbed substances. 
C)  The fluid at point 7 contains all the substances that were filtered from the blood and not reabsorbed, plus those that were secreted. 
D)  Proteins and red blood cells that are typically found in the fluid at point 5 will be reabsorbed later. 
E)  Fenestrations are present in the structure at point 2.

Question 8

A scientist wishing to study a species that conserves body water would not choose a species from which group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Birds 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Lizards and snakes 
D)  Marine bony fishes 
E)  Freshwater bony fishes 
A)  Birds 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Lizards and snakes 
D)  Marine bony fishes 
E)  Freshwater bony fishes

Question 9

Choose the correct path by which urine moves from its site of production to where it exits the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
B)  Kidney, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter 
C)  Kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra 
D)  Urinary bladder, kidney, ureter, urethra 
E)  Ureter, kidney, urinary bladder, urethra 
A)  Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
B)  Kidney, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter 
C)  Kidney, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra 
D)  Urinary bladder, kidney, ureter, urethra 
E)  Ureter, kidney, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 10

The hormone produced by the heart that influences kidney function is called _______; it decreases reabsorption of sodium, which ultimately decreases blood volume and blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

atrial nat

Question 11

Choose the incorrect pairing between structure of a nephron and location within a kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule-cortex 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule-cortex 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule-medulla 
D)  Glomerulus-cortex 
E)  Loop of Henle-medulla 
A)  Bowman's capsule-cortex 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule-cortex 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule-medulla 
D)  Glomerulus-cortex 
E)  Loop of Henle-medulla

Exam 51: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

The internal core of the kidney is the _______, the outer layer is the _______, and _______ are in both.

Which represents the correct ranking of the amount of nitrogenous wastes in a molecule, from least to most nitrogen?

Which statement about protonephridia in a freshwater flatworm is false?

Increases in circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) would not cause an increase in

_______, released by the _______, stimulates a cascade of events that ultimately prompts increases in blood volume, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate.

The kidneys excrete _______ and conserve _______.

Refer to the figure showing the vertebrate nephron. Based on the figure, which statement is false?

A scientist wishing to study a species that conserves body water would not choose a species from which group?

Choose the correct path by which urine moves from its site of production to where it exits the body.

The hormone produced by the heart that influences kidney function is called _______; it decreases reabsorption of sodium, which ultimately decreases blood volume and blood pressure.

Choose the incorrect pairing between structure of a nephron and location within a kidney.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The internal core of the kidney is the ___, the outer layer is the _, and _____ are in both.

_, released by the _, stimulates a cascade of events that ultimately prompts increases in blood volume, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate.

The kidneys excrete _ and conserve _.