Question 1

In organisms with a closed circulatory system, the liquid outside of the circulatory system surrounding cells in the body is called _______ fluid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In organisms with a closed circulatory system,...

Question 2

In vertebrates, exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  veins. 
E)  venules. 
A)  arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  veins. 
E)  venules.

Question 3

Which statement about the circulatory systems of water-breathing fishes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood flows from the heart to the gills and then back to the heart for additional pumping before heading out to the tissues. 
B)  Blood pressure declines as blood passes through the vessels of the gills. 
C)  Blood from the sinus venosus enters the atrium. 
D)  Blood from the ventricle enters the bulbus arteriosus. 
E)  The sinus venosus receives blood from the body. 
A)  Blood flows from the heart to the gills and then back to the heart for additional pumping before heading out to the tissues. 
B)  Blood pressure declines as blood passes through the vessels of the gills. 
C)  Blood from the sinus venosus enters the atrium. 
D)  Blood from the ventricle enters the bulbus arteriosus. 
E)  The sinus venosus receives blood from the body.

Question 4

Which of the following is not an advantage of closed circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have better control of blood flow to specific tissues. 
B)  Special cells that transport oxygen remain in vessels but can drop off oxygen where needed. 
C)  Extracellular fluid is the same as the fluid in the circulatory system. 
D)  They allow more rapid transport of substances. 
E)  Specialized molecules that transport hormones remain in vessels and eventually drop off their cargo. 
A)  They have better control of blood flow to specific tissues. 
B)  Special cells that transport oxygen remain in vessels but can drop off oxygen where needed. 
C)  Extracellular fluid is the same as the fluid in the circulatory system. 
D)  They allow more rapid transport of substances. 
E)  Specialized molecules that transport hormones remain in vessels and eventually drop off their cargo.

Question 5

Which of the following about gastrovascular systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found in multicellular aquatic organisms. 
B)  They consist of a highly branched central cavity. 
C)  They supplement circulatory systems in small aquatic animals. 
D)  They bring the external environment into an animal. 
E)  Larger animals with gastrovascular systems, such as sponges and jellyfishes, tend to be slow or sedentary. 
A)  They are found in multicellular aquatic organisms. 
B)  They consist of a highly branched central cavity. 
C)  They supplement circulatory systems in small aquatic animals. 
D)  They bring the external environment into an animal. 
E)  Larger animals with gastrovascular systems, such as sponges and jellyfishes, tend to be slow or sedentary.

Question 6

Which of the following does not characterize pacemaker cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are modified cardiac muscle cells. 
B)  Their action potentials rise rapidly. 
C)  They can initiate action potentials without stimulation from the nervous system. 
D)  They fire action potentials and stimulate neighboring cells to contract. 
E)  Their action potentials are broader than those of neurons. 
A)  They are modified cardiac muscle cells. 
B)  Their action potentials rise rapidly. 
C)  They can initiate action potentials without stimulation from the nervous system. 
D)  They fire action potentials and stimulate neighboring cells to contract. 
E)  Their action potentials are broader than those of neurons.

Question 7

Which is the correct order of vessels, from those with the highest blood pressure to those with the lowest.

Accepted Answer

A)  Arteries, veins, arterioles, venules, capillaries 
B)  Capillaries, arterioles, venules, arteries, veins 
C)  Capillaries, arteries, arterioles, venules, veins 
D)  Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins 
E)  Veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries 
A)  Arteries, veins, arterioles, venules, capillaries 
B)  Capillaries, arterioles, venules, arteries, veins 
C)  Capillaries, arteries, arterioles, venules, veins 
D)  Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins 
E)  Veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries

Question 8

Hemolymph is the _______ found in animals with open circulatory systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hemolymph is the _______ found in animals...

Question 9

Which vertebrates have mature red blood cells that lack nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A)  Birds 
B)  Most mammals 
C)  Fishes 
D)  Amphibians 
E)  Crocodilians 
A)  Birds 
B)  Most mammals 
C)  Fishes 
D)  Amphibians 
E)  Crocodilians

Question 10

Refer to the figure.   Which of the following about the figure is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Label 5 indicates the bulbus arteriosus, a highly elastic chamber. 
B)  Label 3 indicates the atrium. 
C)  Blood pressure is greater at label 1 than when blood is leaving the chamber labeled 4. 
D)  Label 2 indicates the sinus venosus. 
E)  Blood pressure is lower in systemic capillaries than when blood is leaving the chamber labeled 4. 
A)  Label 5 indicates the bulbus arteriosus, a highly elastic chamber. 
B)  Label 3 indicates the atrium. 
C)  Blood pressure is greater at label 1 than when blood is leaving the chamber labeled 4. 
D)  Label 2 indicates the sinus venosus. 
E)  Blood pressure is lower in systemic capillaries than when blood is leaving the chamber labeled 4.

Question 11

Which would not be present in an animal with a closed circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart 
B)  Vessels 
C)  Hemolymph 
D)  Interstitial fluid 
E)  Extracellular fluid 
A)  Heart 
B)  Vessels 
C)  Hemolymph 
D)  Interstitial fluid 
E)  Extracellular fluid

Question 12

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  innervate arteries and arterioles. 
B)  use norepinephrine to cause vessels in the gut to constrict during the fight-or-flight response, resulting in increased mean arterial pressure (MAP). 
C)  decrease heart rate. 
D)  stimulate release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. 
E)  increase stroke volume. 
A)  innervate arteries and arterioles. 
B)  use norepinephrine to cause vessels in the gut to constrict during the fight-or-flight response, resulting in increased mean arterial pressure (MAP). 
C)  decrease heart rate. 
D)  stimulate release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. 
E)  increase stroke volume.

Question 13

You are a physician and one of your young patients is an athlete with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Which of the following would not characterize your patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased efficiency of contractions of cardiac muscle 
B)  Decreased workload of the heart 
C)  Thickened walls of the heart 
D)  Partial blockage of the aorta that impedes emptying of the left ventricle 
E)  Disruption of signals that coordinate heart contractions 
A)  Decreased efficiency of contractions of cardiac muscle 
B)  Decreased workload of the heart 
C)  Thickened walls of the heart 
D)  Partial blockage of the aorta that impedes emptying of the left ventricle 
E)  Disruption of signals that coordinate heart contractions

Question 14

Which statement about open circulatory systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A pump is usually present. 
B)  In arthropods, blood is pumped out of openings in the heart called ostia. 
C)  The hemolymph is part of the extracellular fluid. 
D)  Interstitial fluid bathes the tissues directly. 
E)  They are found in mollusks and arthropods. 
A)  A pump is usually present. 
B)  In arthropods, blood is pumped out of openings in the heart called ostia. 
C)  The hemolymph is part of the extracellular fluid. 
D)  Interstitial fluid bathes the tissues directly. 
E)  They are found in mollusks and arthropods.

Question 15

During _______ of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles fill and pressure is low.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During _______ of the cardiac cycle, the...

Question 16

Cell fragments essential for blood clotting are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cell fragments essential for blood clotting are...

Question 17

The plateau phase of the action potential of ventricular muscle cells is due to prolonged opening of _______ channels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The plateau phase of the action potential...

Question 18

Which of the following does not characterize the systolic value of a blood pressure reading?

Accepted Answer

A)  By convention, it is placed over the diastolic value. 
B)  A value of 120 mm Hg is considered healthy. 
C)  It represents the maximum pressure needed to compress an artery and prevent all blood flow. 
D)  It is measured when a pulsing sound is first heard as pressure in the cuff is lowered. 
E)  It can be measured using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope. 
A)  By convention, it is placed over the diastolic value. 
B)  A value of 120 mm Hg is considered healthy. 
C)  It represents the maximum pressure needed to compress an artery and prevent all blood flow. 
D)  It is measured when a pulsing sound is first heard as pressure in the cuff is lowered. 
E)  It can be measured using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope.

Question 19

The drug digitalis is used to treat patients with a weakened heart because it enhances cardiac contractility.Given what you know about ventricular muscle fibers and the ion channels involved in contraction, which of the following might represent the mechanism of action of digitalis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reduces Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm. 
B)  It slows the heartbeat. 
C)  It rapidly clears Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm. 
D)  It shortens the plateau phase of the action potential. 
E)  It increases the concentration of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm and slows the reuptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  It reduces Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm. 
B)  It slows the heartbeat. 
C)  It rapidly clears Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm. 
D)  It shortens the plateau phase of the action potential. 
E)  It increases the concentration of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm and slows the reuptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 20

Which statement about circulatory systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They transport heat. 
B)  They consist of the heart, blood, and vessels. 
C)  They transport hormones. 
D)  Some, but not all, have muscular pumps (hearts). 
E)  They transport cells of the immune system. 
A)  They transport heat. 
B)  They consist of the heart, blood, and vessels. 
C)  They transport hormones. 
D)  Some, but not all, have muscular pumps (hearts). 
E)  They transport cells of the immune system.

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

In organisms with a closed circulatory system, the liquid outside of the circulatory system surrounding cells in the body is called _______ fluid.

In vertebrates, exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid occurs in the

Which statement about the circulatory systems of water-breathing fishes is false?

Which of the following is not an advantage of closed circulatory systems?

Which of the following about gastrovascular systems is false?

Which of the following does not characterize pacemaker cells?

Which is the correct order of vessels, from those with the highest blood pressure to those with the lowest.

Hemolymph is the _______ found in animals with open circulatory systems.

Which vertebrates have mature red blood cells that lack nuclei?

Refer to the figure. Which of the following about the figure is false?

Which would not be present in an animal with a closed circulatory system?

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does all the following except

You are a physician and one of your young patients is an athlete with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Which of the following would not characterize your patient?

Which statement about open circulatory systems is false?

During _______ of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles fill and pressure is low.

Cell fragments essential for blood clotting are called _______.

The plateau phase of the action potential of ventricular muscle cells is due to prolonged opening of _______ channels.

Which of the following does not characterize the systolic value of a blood pressure reading?

The drug digitalis is used to treat patients with a weakened heart because it enhances cardiac contractility.Given what you know about ventricular muscle fibers and the ion channels involved in contraction, which of the following might represent the mechanism of action of digitalis?

Which statement about circulatory systems is false?

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