Question 1

Which statement about the mammalian heart is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle because it pumps a greater volume of blood. 
B)  The pulmonary artery carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, and the pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium. 
C)  The atrioventricular valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract. 
D)  Most ventricular filling is passive. 
E)  The pulmonary and aortic valves prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles when the ventricles relax. 
A)  The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle because it pumps a greater volume of blood. 
B)  The pulmonary artery carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, and the pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium. 
C)  The atrioventricular valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract. 
D)  Most ventricular filling is passive. 
E)  The pulmonary and aortic valves prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles when the ventricles relax.

Question 2

Which is the incorrect match between vessel and description.

Accepted Answer

A)  Capillaries; largest total area 
B)  Veins; high capacity to stretch and store blood 
C)  Arteries; highest blood pressure 
D)  Arterioles; variable resistance to control blood flow to tissues 
E)  Venules; blood velocity lower than that of capillaries 
A)  Capillaries; largest total area 
B)  Veins; high capacity to stretch and store blood 
C)  Arteries; highest blood pressure 
D)  Arterioles; variable resistance to control blood flow to tissues 
E)  Venules; blood velocity lower than that of capillaries

Question 3

When a crocodile stops breathing, resistance in the _______ circuit increases, and blood from the _______ ventricle flows out of the _______ rather than out of the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic; right; right aorta; pulmonary artery 
B)  pulmonary; right; right aorta; pulmonary artery 
C)  pulmonary; right; left aorta; pulmonary artery 
D)  systemic; right; pulmonary artery; right aorta 
E)  pulmonary; left; left aorta; pulmonary artery 
A)  systemic; right; right aorta; pulmonary artery 
B)  pulmonary; right; right aorta; pulmonary artery 
C)  pulmonary; right; left aorta; pulmonary artery 
D)  systemic; right; pulmonary artery; right aorta 
E)  pulmonary; left; left aorta; pulmonary artery

Question 4

Which statement about the circulatory system of turtles is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  When under water, pulmonary vessels constrict, pulmonary resistance increases, and blood tends to flow into the right aorta and out to the body. 
B)  The right aorta contains a mixture of high- and low-oxygen blood. 
C)  When turtles breathe, resistance in the pulmonary circuit is lower than resistance in the systemic circuit, and blood tends to flow into the pulmonary artery. 
D)  When turtles are under water, pulmonary vessels constrict, pulmonary resistance increases, and blood tends to flow into the left aorta, rather than the pulmonary artery. 
E)  When turtles are not breathing, blood flows out of both aortas. 
A)  When under water, pulmonary vessels constrict, pulmonary resistance increases, and blood tends to flow into the right aorta and out to the body. 
B)  The right aorta contains a mixture of high- and low-oxygen blood. 
C)  When turtles breathe, resistance in the pulmonary circuit is lower than resistance in the systemic circuit, and blood tends to flow into the pulmonary artery. 
D)  When turtles are under water, pulmonary vessels constrict, pulmonary resistance increases, and blood tends to flow into the left aorta, rather than the pulmonary artery. 
E)  When turtles are not breathing, blood flows out of both aortas.

Question 5

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that indicates that the animal had a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles; it also had two aortas, one emerging from each ventricle.The animal could have been a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fish. 
B)  amphibian. 
C)  crocodile. 
D)  bird. 
E)  mammal. 
A)  fish. 
B)  amphibian. 
C)  crocodile. 
D)  bird. 
E)  mammal.

Question 6

Which statement about the lymphatic system is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right thoracic duct carries most of the lymph from the lower part of the body. 
B)  Lymphatic vessels have one-way valves that prevent the backflow of lymph. 
C)  The right and left thoracic ducts empty into large veins at the base of the neck. 
D)  Breathing movements and contraction of skeletal muscles help move lymph toward the thoracic ducts. 
E)  Lymphatic capillaries end blindly and are found in capillary beds. 
A)  The right thoracic duct carries most of the lymph from the lower part of the body. 
B)  Lymphatic vessels have one-way valves that prevent the backflow of lymph. 
C)  The right and left thoracic ducts empty into large veins at the base of the neck. 
D)  Breathing movements and contraction of skeletal muscles help move lymph toward the thoracic ducts. 
E)  Lymphatic capillaries end blindly and are found in capillary beds.

Question 7

Which statement about capillaries is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid leaves capillaries when blood pressure exceeds osmotic pressure. 
B)  Osmotic pressure is typically constant across a capillary bed. 
C)  Blood pressure decreases across a capillary bed. 
D)  Fluid returns to capillaries when osmotic pressure exceeds blood pressure. 
E)  Fluid tends to enter capillaries at the arterial end of a capillary bed and to leave at the venule end. 
A)  Fluid leaves capillaries when blood pressure exceeds osmotic pressure. 
B)  Osmotic pressure is typically constant across a capillary bed. 
C)  Blood pressure decreases across a capillary bed. 
D)  Fluid returns to capillaries when osmotic pressure exceeds blood pressure. 
E)  Fluid tends to enter capillaries at the arterial end of a capillary bed and to leave at the venule end.

Question 8

Which statement about red blood cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Production of red blood cells is controlled by erythropoietin. 
B)  Red blood cells are produced by stem cells in the kidneys. 
C)  Erythropoietin extends the lives of mature red blood cells. 
D)  Macrophages ingest remnants of red blood cells in the spleen. 
E)  Red blood cells are packed with hemoglobin. 
A)  Production of red blood cells is controlled by erythropoietin. 
B)  Red blood cells are produced by stem cells in the kidneys. 
C)  Erythropoietin extends the lives of mature red blood cells. 
D)  Macrophages ingest remnants of red blood cells in the spleen. 
E)  Red blood cells are packed with hemoglobin.

Question 9

Refer to the graph, which shows ventricular muscle fiber membrane activity.   Which statement about the graph is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Curve 1 depicts an action potential for ventricular muscle. 
B)  The sudden drop in curve 3 as it approaches 0.30 seconds is due to a closing of calcium channels. 
C)  The activity shown in these curves reflects the movement of positively charged ions. 
D)  The activity shown in these curves reflects the movement of negatively charged ions. 
E)  The activity shown in these curves depends on the opening or closing of voltage-gated channels. 
A)  Curve 1 depicts an action potential for ventricular muscle. 
B)  The sudden drop in curve 3 as it approaches 0.30 seconds is due to a closing of calcium channels. 
C)  The activity shown in these curves reflects the movement of positively charged ions. 
D)  The activity shown in these curves reflects the movement of negatively charged ions. 
E)  The activity shown in these curves depends on the opening or closing of voltage-gated channels.

Question 10

The left ventricle in humans is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Accepted Answer

A)  resistance is higher in the systemic circuit. 
B)  resistance is higher in the pulmonary circuit. 
C)  the left ventricle pumps more total blood. 
D)  the left ventricle pumps more viscous blood. 
E)  the lymphatic system empties into the left ventricle. 
A)  resistance is higher in the systemic circuit. 
B)  resistance is higher in the pulmonary circuit. 
C)  the left ventricle pumps more total blood. 
D)  the left ventricle pumps more viscous blood. 
E)  the lymphatic system empties into the left ventricle.

Question 11

Which of the following about the right atrium of the mammalian heart is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains deoxygenated blood. 
B)  It receives blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. 
C)  It contracts at the end of passive filling of the right ventricle. 
D)  It receives blood from veins of the heart itself. 
E)  Blood leaving it for the right ventricle passes by the bicuspid valve. 
A)  It contains deoxygenated blood. 
B)  It receives blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. 
C)  It contracts at the end of passive filling of the right ventricle. 
D)  It receives blood from veins of the heart itself. 
E)  Blood leaving it for the right ventricle passes by the bicuspid valve.

Question 12

In what way is a closed circulatory system more efficient than an open circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  A closed circulatory system is a closed loop and therefore does not require a heart for pumping blood. 
B)  An open circulatory system relies on diffusion to deliver nutrients to tissues. 
C)  A closed circulatory system relies on hemoglobin rather than on myoglobin. 
D)  In a closed circulatory system, blood vessels can control the delivery of O2 to specific tissues by controlling vessel diameter. 
E)  A closed circulatory system keeps hemolymph separate from interstitial fluid. 
A)  A closed circulatory system is a closed loop and therefore does not require a heart for pumping blood. 
B)  An open circulatory system relies on diffusion to deliver nutrients to tissues. 
C)  A closed circulatory system relies on hemoglobin rather than on myoglobin. 
D)  In a closed circulatory system, blood vessels can control the delivery of O2 to specific tissues by controlling vessel diameter. 
E)  A closed circulatory system keeps hemolymph separate from interstitial fluid.

Question 13

A physician reviewing a patient's hematocrit would consider all the following characteristics of the patient except

Accepted Answer

A)  level of hydration. 
B)  gender. 
C)  altitude at which the patient lives and works. 
D)  recent blood loss. 
E)  whether the patient had eaten before blood was drawn. 
A)  level of hydration. 
B)  gender. 
C)  altitude at which the patient lives and works. 
D)  recent blood loss. 
E)  whether the patient had eaten before blood was drawn.

Question 14

Which is the incorrect pairing of the wave pattern of an electrocardiogram and the event it represents.

Accepted Answer

A)  T: depolarization of ventricles 
B)  P: depolarization of atria 
C)  T: repolarization of ventricles 
D)  QRS: depolarization of ventricles 
E)  QRS: repolarization of atria 
A)  T: depolarization of ventricles 
B)  P: depolarization of atria 
C)  T: repolarization of ventricles 
D)  QRS: depolarization of ventricles 
E)  QRS: repolarization of atria

Question 15

The complexity and number of atria and ventricles in the heart increase from fishes to amphibians to nonavian reptiles to mammals and birds.An important consequence of this increased complexity is the gradual separation of the circulatory system into two independent circuits: the pulmonary involving the lungs and the _______ involving the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The complexity and number of atria and...

Question 16

In an open circulatory system,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no heart. 
B)  there is a gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  there are no blood vessels. 
D)  hemolymph flows out of the body. 
E)  there is no distinction between hemolymph and extracellular fluid. 
A)  there is no heart. 
B)  there is a gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  there are no blood vessels. 
D)  hemolymph flows out of the body. 
E)  there is no distinction between hemolymph and extracellular fluid.

Question 17

Baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries

Accepted Answer

A)  detect atherosclerosis. 
B)  are activated when blood pressure rises. 
C)  constrict arteries when available O2 is low. 
D)  detect when a flexor muscle is stretched too far and then pump more blood to the muscle. 
E)  are sensitive to CO2 levels in the blood. 
A)  detect atherosclerosis. 
B)  are activated when blood pressure rises. 
C)  constrict arteries when available O2 is low. 
D)  detect when a flexor muscle is stretched too far and then pump more blood to the muscle. 
E)  are sensitive to CO2 levels in the blood.

Question 18

Which structure or region in or connected to a four-chambered mammalian heart contains blood with the lowest O2 concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary vein 
B)  Pulmonary artery 
C)  Left atrium 
D)  Aorta 
E)  Arteriole end of a systemic capillary 
A)  Pulmonary vein 
B)  Pulmonary artery 
C)  Left atrium 
D)  Aorta 
E)  Arteriole end of a systemic capillary

Question 19

Small, multicellular, aquatic animals that lack a circulatory system have a central _______ cavity that is highly branched.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Small, multicellular, aquatic animals that lack a...

Question 20

The genus Hydra contains small invertebrates related to the jellyfishes.All of the following characteristics of the genus make it unnecessary for these animals to have a cardiovascular system except

Accepted Answer

A)  being aquatic. 
B)  having no skeleton. 
C)  consisting of only two cell layers. 
D)  being small. 
E)  being primarily sedentary. 
A)  being aquatic. 
B)  having no skeleton. 
C)  consisting of only two cell layers. 
D)  being small. 
E)  being primarily sedentary.

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

Which statement about the mammalian heart is false?

Which is the incorrect match between vessel and description.

When a crocodile stops breathing, resistance in the _______ circuit increases, and blood from the _______ ventricle flows out of the _______ rather than out of the _______.

Which statement about the circulatory system of turtles is false?

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that indicates that the animal had a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles; it also had two aortas, one emerging from each ventricle.The animal could have been a(n)

Which statement about the lymphatic system is false?

Which statement about capillaries is false?

Which statement about red blood cells is false?

Refer to the graph, which shows ventricular muscle fiber membrane activity. Which statement about the graph is false?

The left ventricle in humans is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Which of the following about the right atrium of the mammalian heart is false?

In what way is a closed circulatory system more efficient than an open circulatory system?

A physician reviewing a patient's hematocrit would consider all the following characteristics of the patient except

Which is the incorrect pairing of the wave pattern of an electrocardiogram and the event it represents.

In an open circulatory system,

Baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries

Which structure or region in or connected to a four-chambered mammalian heart contains blood with the lowest O2 concentration?

Small, multicellular, aquatic animals that lack a circulatory system have a central _______ cavity that is highly branched.

The genus Hydra contains small invertebrates related to the jellyfishes.All of the following characteristics of the genus make it unnecessary for these animals to have a cardiovascular system except

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When a crocodile stops breathing, resistance in the ___ circuit increases, and blood from the _ ventricle flows out of the _ rather than out of the ___.

Which structure or region in or connected to a four-chambered mammalian heart contains blood with the lowest O₂ concentration?