Question 1

Which of the following about the circulatory systems of turtles, snakes, and lizards is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a partially divided ventricle. 
B)  They have two atria. 
C)  The left aorta receives blood high in oxygen from the left side of the ventricle. 
D)  There is a connection between their two aortas. 
E)  The right aorta can receive blood from either side of the ventricle. 
A)  They have a partially divided ventricle. 
B)  They have two atria. 
C)  The left aorta receives blood high in oxygen from the left side of the ventricle. 
D)  There is a connection between their two aortas. 
E)  The right aorta can receive blood from either side of the ventricle.

Question 2

All of the following characterize both crocodilians and turtles except

Accepted Answer

A)  two aortas. 
B)  a four-chambered heart. 
C)  two atria. 
D)  discontinuous breathing. 
E)  shunting ability. 
A)  two aortas. 
B)  a four-chambered heart. 
C)  two atria. 
D)  discontinuous breathing. 
E)  shunting ability.

Question 3

If a researcher is looking for a study organism that possesses a circulatory system, they should choose a

Accepted Answer

A)  small, flat aquatic animal. 
B)  small, sedentary aquatic animal with a highly branched central cavity. 
C)  large, active, terrestrial animal. 
D)  very small, multicellular animal with short diffusion distances. 
E)  single-celled organism. 
A)  small, flat aquatic animal. 
B)  small, sedentary aquatic animal with a highly branched central cavity. 
C)  large, active, terrestrial animal. 
D)  very small, multicellular animal with short diffusion distances. 
E)  single-celled organism.

Question 4

In humans the fetal heart has an opening between the right and left atria, called the foramen ovale.This opening normally closes at birth.Failure of the foramen ovale to close can result in so-called "blue babies" when it is associated with other heart defects.What might explain the babies' bluish appearance?

Accepted Answer

A)  High blood pressure 
B)  Mixing of blood with different oxygen contents 
C)  Low metabolic rate 
D)  Few systemic blood vessels 
E)  Low blood pressure 
A)  High blood pressure 
B)  Mixing of blood with different oxygen contents 
C)  Low metabolic rate 
D)  Few systemic blood vessels 
E)  Low blood pressure

Question 5

Most clotting factors circulate in the blood in an inactive form.Where are most clotting factors produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Spleen 
C)  Liver 
D)  Kidneys 
E)  Lymphoid tissue 
A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Spleen 
C)  Liver 
D)  Kidneys 
E)  Lymphoid tissue

Question 6

A benefit of having at least a partial separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation, as found in amphibians, is that

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are separated. 
B)  blood moving to the body tissues is at a higher pressure than it would be if it had flowed through the lungs first. 
C)  blood moving to the lungs is at a lower pressure than it would be if it had come directly from the body without flowing through the heart first. 
D)  blood moving to the body tissues is at a lower pressure than it would be if it had flowed through the lungs first. 
E)  there are two muscular regions for pumping. 
A)  oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are separated. 
B)  blood moving to the body tissues is at a higher pressure than it would be if it had flowed through the lungs first. 
C)  blood moving to the lungs is at a lower pressure than it would be if it had come directly from the body without flowing through the heart first. 
D)  blood moving to the body tissues is at a lower pressure than it would be if it had flowed through the lungs first. 
E)  there are two muscular regions for pumping.

Question 7

The pulmonary and aortic (semi-lunar) valves open as a direct result of

Accepted Answer

A)  arterial diastole. 
B)  atrial systole. 
C)  ventricular diastole. 
D)  ventricular systole. 
E)  stimulation by the autonomic nervous system. 
A)  arterial diastole. 
B)  atrial systole. 
C)  ventricular diastole. 
D)  ventricular systole. 
E)  stimulation by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 8

Some relatively large multicellular aquatic animals have no circulatory system.One way that these organisms manage gas exchange is by

Accepted Answer

A)  bringing the external environment into a branched system of channels such that most cells are close to that environment. 
B)  hosting endosymbiotic bacteria that produce oxygen inside their tissues. 
C)  breathing air into a set of lungs. 
D)  basking at the surface periodically to allow for diffusion of oxygen. 
E)  having long diffusion distances. 
A)  bringing the external environment into a branched system of channels such that most cells are close to that environment. 
B)  hosting endosymbiotic bacteria that produce oxygen inside their tissues. 
C)  breathing air into a set of lungs. 
D)  basking at the surface periodically to allow for diffusion of oxygen. 
E)  having long diffusion distances.

Question 9

Which wave pattern of an electrocardiogram represents the return of the ventricles to the electrical state that preceded contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  P 
B)  T 
C)  QRS 
D)  R 
E)  S 
A)  P 
B)  T 
C)  QRS 
D)  R 
E)  S

Question 10

Which situation would most likely cause a decrease in ADH (also called vasopressin) secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rise in blood pressure 
B)  A significant loss of blood 
C)  An energetic, sweaty workout 
D)  Hiking in the desert 
E)  Decreased activity in baroreceptors of the large arteries 
A)  A rise in blood pressure 
B)  A significant loss of blood 
C)  An energetic, sweaty workout 
D)  Hiking in the desert 
E)  Decreased activity in baroreceptors of the large arteries

Question 11

Which statement about open and closed circulatory systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In closed circulatory systems, vessel resistance can be changed to direct blood flow to specific tissues. 
B)  In closed circulatory systems, large molecules that transport nutrients are kept within vessels. 
C)  Fluid can flow more rapidly in open circulatory systems than in closed circulatory systems, because it is not confined to vessels. 
D)  Heat can be transported more rapidly in closed than in open circulatory systems. 
E)  All vertebrates have closed circulatory systems. 
A)  In closed circulatory systems, vessel resistance can be changed to direct blood flow to specific tissues. 
B)  In closed circulatory systems, large molecules that transport nutrients are kept within vessels. 
C)  Fluid can flow more rapidly in open circulatory systems than in closed circulatory systems, because it is not confined to vessels. 
D)  Heat can be transported more rapidly in closed than in open circulatory systems. 
E)  All vertebrates have closed circulatory systems.

Question 12

Which statement about blood cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The body contains many more red blood cells than white blood cells. 
B)  Mammal erythrocytes do not have nuclei 
C)  The biconcave shape of the erythrocyte creates a large surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  Red blood cells are generated by stem cells in the lymph nodes. 
E)  Leukocytes destroy foreign cells. 
A)  The body contains many more red blood cells than white blood cells. 
B)  Mammal erythrocytes do not have nuclei 
C)  The biconcave shape of the erythrocyte creates a large surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  Red blood cells are generated by stem cells in the lymph nodes. 
E)  Leukocytes destroy foreign cells.

Question 13

_______ have thin, permeable walls and are the sites for exchange of nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and hormones.

Accepted Answer

A)  Arteries 
B)  Veins 
C)  Capillaries 
D)  Arterioles 
E)  Venules 
A)  Arteries 
B)  Veins 
C)  Capillaries 
D)  Arterioles 
E)  Venules

Question 14

People who have a strong allergic reaction to a bee sting or other allergen often carry an EpiPen, which delivers a single dose of epinephrine to prevent the reaction.The product carries a warning label from the manufacturer cautioning those users who also have high blood pressure.Why is this warning necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine is part of the parasympathetic response and therefore will raise their blood pressure even higher. 
B)  Epinephrine forms acetylcholine, which can cause a fatal rise in blood pressure. 
C)  Epinephrine decays into vasopressin, which can cause a fatal drop in blood pressure. 
D)  Epinephrine is part of the sympathetic response and therefore will raise their blood pressure even higher. 
E)  Epinephrine stimulates the medulla to release large quantities of norepinephrine, which will raise their blood pressure even higher. 
A)  Epinephrine is part of the parasympathetic response and therefore will raise their blood pressure even higher. 
B)  Epinephrine forms acetylcholine, which can cause a fatal rise in blood pressure. 
C)  Epinephrine decays into vasopressin, which can cause a fatal drop in blood pressure. 
D)  Epinephrine is part of the sympathetic response and therefore will raise their blood pressure even higher. 
E)  Epinephrine stimulates the medulla to release large quantities of norepinephrine, which will raise their blood pressure even higher.

Question 15

Which statement about capillaries is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic pressure pulls fluid back into capillaries. 
B)  Blood hydrostatic pressure is high at the arterial end of a capillary bed. 
C)  Blood osmotic pressure is due to the large protein molecules that leave capillaries, taking fluid with them. 
D)  Bicarbonate ions help pull fluid back into capillaries. 
E)  Blood pressure squeezes fluid out of capillaries. 
A)  Osmotic pressure pulls fluid back into capillaries. 
B)  Blood hydrostatic pressure is high at the arterial end of a capillary bed. 
C)  Blood osmotic pressure is due to the large protein molecules that leave capillaries, taking fluid with them. 
D)  Bicarbonate ions help pull fluid back into capillaries. 
E)  Blood pressure squeezes fluid out of capillaries.

Question 16

You are a physician and one of your patients has cirrhosis, a disease in which scar tissue forms in the liver.Which condition might result from cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inadequate production of platelets 
B)  Excessive bleeding 
C)  Inadequate production of red blood cells 
D)  Extremely rapid clot formation 
E)  Inadequate production of hemoglobin by red blood cells 
A)  Inadequate production of platelets 
B)  Excessive bleeding 
C)  Inadequate production of red blood cells 
D)  Extremely rapid clot formation 
E)  Inadequate production of hemoglobin by red blood cells

Question 17

Which of the following does not occur during increased activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Norepinephrine causes blood vessels in the gut to constrict. 
B)  Heart rate increases. 
C)  Aortic blood pressure increases. 
D)  Stroke volume decreases. 
E)  Mean arterial pressure increases. 
A)  Norepinephrine causes blood vessels in the gut to constrict. 
B)  Heart rate increases. 
C)  Aortic blood pressure increases. 
D)  Stroke volume decreases. 
E)  Mean arterial pressure increases.

Question 18

Refer to the figure, which shows an electrocardiogram (ECG).   In the (ECG) of a normal cardiac cycle, which peak or trough corresponds to the relaxation of the ventricles?

Accepted Answer

A)  P 
B)  Q 
C)  R 
D)  S 
E)  T 
A)  P 
B)  Q 
C)  R 
D)  S 
E)  T

Question 19

Which structure or region in or connected to a four-chambered mammalian heart contains blood with the highest O2 concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Pulmonary artery 
D)  Superior vena cava 
E)  Right ventricle 
A)  Right atrium 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Pulmonary artery 
D)  Superior vena cava 
E)  Right ventricle

Question 20

Which feature does not characterize the circulatory system of water-breathing fishes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single atrium 
B)  Blood leaving the gills returning to the heart for additional pumping before entering the systemic circuit 
C)  Single ventricle 
D)  Blood leaving the gills and entering the aorta under low pressure 
E)  Single circuit 
A)  Single atrium 
B)  Blood leaving the gills returning to the heart for additional pumping before entering the systemic circuit 
C)  Single ventricle 
D)  Blood leaving the gills and entering the aorta under low pressure 
E)  Single circuit

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

Which of the following about the circulatory systems of turtles, snakes, and lizards is false?

All of the following characterize both crocodilians and turtles except

If a researcher is looking for a study organism that possesses a circulatory system, they should choose a

Most clotting factors circulate in the blood in an inactive form.Where are most clotting factors produced?

A benefit of having at least a partial separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation, as found in amphibians, is that

The pulmonary and aortic (semi-lunar) valves open as a direct result of

Some relatively large multicellular aquatic animals have no circulatory system.One way that these organisms manage gas exchange is by

Which wave pattern of an electrocardiogram represents the return of the ventricles to the electrical state that preceded contraction?

Which situation would most likely cause a decrease in ADH (also called vasopressin) secretion?

Which statement about open and closed circulatory systems is false?

Which statement about blood cells is false?

_______ have thin, permeable walls and are the sites for exchange of nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and hormones.

Which statement about capillaries is false?

You are a physician and one of your patients has cirrhosis, a disease in which scar tissue forms in the liver.Which condition might result from cirrhosis?

Which of the following does not occur during increased activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Refer to the figure, which shows an electrocardiogram (ECG). In the (ECG) of a normal cardiac cycle, which peak or trough corresponds to the relaxation of the ventricles?

Which structure or region in or connected to a four-chambered mammalian heart contains blood with the highest O2 concentration?

Which feature does not characterize the circulatory system of water-breathing fishes?

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Which structure or region in or connected to a four-chambered mammalian heart contains blood with the highest O₂ concentration?