Question 1

Refer to the figure.   Which statement about the figure is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number 1 is the right atrium. 
B)  Number 3 receives blood from pulmonary veins. 
C)  Number 4 pumps blood through the aortic valve. 
D)  Number 2 pumps blood through the pulmonary valve. 
E)  Blood enters number 1 and flows through the bicuspid valve. 
A)  Number 1 is the right atrium. 
B)  Number 3 receives blood from pulmonary veins. 
C)  Number 4 pumps blood through the aortic valve. 
D)  Number 2 pumps blood through the pulmonary valve. 
E)  Blood enters number 1 and flows through the bicuspid valve.

Question 2

Refer to the figure, which shows the mammalian circulatory system.The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow.   The left ventricle is indicated at which point (1-4)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  The left ventricle is not represented in the diagram. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  The left ventricle is not represented in the diagram.

Question 3

Specialized cardiac muscle cells located in the right atrium near the junction of the superior vena cava serve as pacemaker cells and are called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specialized cardiac muscle cells located in the...

Question 4

Refer to the figure, which shows the human heart.   Which structure contains blood with the highest concentration of O2? Provide name and number.

Accepted Answer

Structure 6, the lef

Question 5

Which statement about circulatory systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They transport heat. 
B)  Substances that enter the gastrovascular cavity of a sponge move into the circulatory system for transport throughout the body. 
C)  They can transport hormones and respiratory gases. 
D)  They transport red blood cells, platelets, and cells of the immune system. 
E)  They transport nutrients and waste products. 
A)  They transport heat. 
B)  Substances that enter the gastrovascular cavity of a sponge move into the circulatory system for transport throughout the body. 
C)  They can transport hormones and respiratory gases. 
D)  They transport red blood cells, platelets, and cells of the immune system. 
E)  They transport nutrients and waste products.

Question 6

The P wave of an electrocardiogram recording corresponds to the _______ of the atria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The P wave of an electrocardiogram recording...

Question 7

The pacemaker resting potential is _______ negative than those of other cardiac muscle cells because the _______ channels of pacemaker cells are more open.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; Na+ 
B)  more; K+ 
C)  less; Ca2+ 
D)  more; Na+ 
E)  less; K+ 
A)  less; Na+ 
B)  more; K+ 
C)  less; Ca2+ 
D)  more; Na+ 
E)  less; K+

Question 8

Bone marrow stem cells produce large cells called _______ that release cell fragments called platelets, which function in blood clotting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bone marrow stem cells produce large cells...

Question 9

The action potentials of pacemaker cells are due to voltage-gated _______ channels, which close more _______ than the voltage-gated Na+ channels of neurons and other muscle cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+; slowly 
B)  K+; rapidly 
C)  Ca2+; slowly 
D)  Ca2+; rapidly 
E)  K+; slowly 
A)  Na+; slowly 
B)  K+; rapidly 
C)  Ca2+; slowly 
D)  Ca2+; rapidly 
E)  K+; slowly

Question 10

"Systole" and "diastole" refer to the _______ and _______, respectively, of the _______ in mammals.

Accepted Answer

A)  relaxation; contraction; ventricles 
B)  contraction; relaxation; ventricles 
C)  relaxation; contraction; atria 
D)  contraction; relaxation; atria 
E)  contraction; relaxation; semi-lunar valves 
A)  relaxation; contraction; ventricles 
B)  contraction; relaxation; ventricles 
C)  relaxation; contraction; atria 
D)  contraction; relaxation; atria 
E)  contraction; relaxation; semi-lunar valves

Question 11

Which statement about veins is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Veins may hold as much as 60 percent of total blood volume at any one time. 
B)  Veins are capacitance vessels. 
C)  The walls of veins are more expandable than the walls of arteries. 
D)  Blood in veins below the level of the heart is moved toward the heart by contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles. 
E)  The muscles involved in exhalation help pull blood toward the chest. 
A)  Veins may hold as much as 60 percent of total blood volume at any one time. 
B)  Veins are capacitance vessels. 
C)  The walls of veins are more expandable than the walls of arteries. 
D)  Blood in veins below the level of the heart is moved toward the heart by contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles. 
E)  The muscles involved in exhalation help pull blood toward the chest.

Question 12

In mammals, the right _______ pumps blood through the _______ circuit, and the left _______ pumps blood through the _______ circuit.

Accepted Answer

A)  atrium; pulmonary; atrium; systemic 
B)  ventricle; pulmonary; ventricle; systemic 
C)  ventricle; systemic; ventricle; pulmonary 
D)  atrium; systemic; atrium; pulmonary 
E)  ventricle; body; ventricle; lung 
A)  atrium; pulmonary; atrium; systemic 
B)  ventricle; pulmonary; ventricle; systemic 
C)  ventricle; systemic; ventricle; pulmonary 
D)  atrium; systemic; atrium; pulmonary 
E)  ventricle; body; ventricle; lung

Question 13

Refer to the figure.   Identify the numbered of vessels shown in the figure, beginning with number 1 and ending with number 6.

Accepted Answer

A)  Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary arteries, descending aorta 
B)  Inferior pulmonary vein, superior pulmonary vein, pulmonary arteries, vena cava, aorta, descending aorta 
C)  Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vein, common iliac arteries, descending aorta 
D)  Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, descending aorta 
E)  Inferior pulmonary vein, superior pulmonary vein, common iliac artery, vena cava, ascending aorta, descending aorta 
A)  Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary arteries, descending aorta 
B)  Inferior pulmonary vein, superior pulmonary vein, pulmonary arteries, vena cava, aorta, descending aorta 
C)  Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vein, common iliac arteries, descending aorta 
D)  Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, descending aorta 
E)  Inferior pulmonary vein, superior pulmonary vein, common iliac artery, vena cava, ascending aorta, descending aorta

Question 14

An antelope sprints quickly away from a predator, relying on anaerobic respiration in the powerful skeletal muscles of its legs.What might you expect to see in its circulatory system while escaping the predator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of the parasympathetic system 
B)  A carefully maintained, constant stroke volume 
C)  A decrease in norepinephrine secretion 
D)  An increase in blood flow to the gut 
E)  Contraction of precapillary sphincters serving capillaries of the gut 
A)  Activation of the parasympathetic system 
B)  A carefully maintained, constant stroke volume 
C)  A decrease in norepinephrine secretion 
D)  An increase in blood flow to the gut 
E)  Contraction of precapillary sphincters serving capillaries of the gut

Question 15

The smooth muscle around arterioles can

Accepted Answer

A)  relax in response to high O2 levels. 
B)  relax in response to high blood pH. 
C)  shut off the supply of blood to the capillary bed. 
D)  relax in response to low CO2 levels. 
E)  contract to increase local blood flow to a tissue. 
A)  relax in response to high O2 levels. 
B)  relax in response to high blood pH. 
C)  shut off the supply of blood to the capillary bed. 
D)  relax in response to low CO2 levels. 
E)  contract to increase local blood flow to a tissue.

Question 16

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cellular components of blood are generated by stem cells in the bone marrow. 
B)  The kidneys express hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in response to hypoxia. 
C)  Increases in circulating levels of erythropoietin extend the lives of mature red blood cells. 
D)  Major sites of red blood cell production include bone marrow of the ribs, pelvis, and vertebrae. 
E)  Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that inactivates the gene encoding erythropoietin. 
A)  The cellular components of blood are generated by stem cells in the bone marrow. 
B)  The kidneys express hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in response to hypoxia. 
C)  Increases in circulating levels of erythropoietin extend the lives of mature red blood cells. 
D)  Major sites of red blood cell production include bone marrow of the ribs, pelvis, and vertebrae. 
E)  Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that inactivates the gene encoding erythropoietin.

Question 17

Which of the following is not an advantage of having separate pulmonary and systemic circuits for birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  It prevents mixing of blood high in oxygen with blood low in oxygen. 
B)  It maximizes respiratory gas exchange. 
C)  It allows shunting of blood during diving. 
D)  The two circuits can operate at different pressures. 
E)  Blood with the highest oxygen content always enters the systemic circuit. 
A)  It prevents mixing of blood high in oxygen with blood low in oxygen. 
B)  It maximizes respiratory gas exchange. 
C)  It allows shunting of blood during diving. 
D)  The two circuits can operate at different pressures. 
E)  Blood with the highest oxygen content always enters the systemic circuit.

Question 18

Refer to the figure, which shows an electrocardiogram (ECG).   In the ECG of a normal cardiac cycle, the wave called T corresponds to _______ of the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization; atria 
B)  depolarization; ventricles 
C)  repolarization; atria 
D)  repolarization; ventricles 
E)  relaxation; atria 
A)  depolarization; atria 
B)  depolarization; ventricles 
C)  repolarization; atria 
D)  repolarization; ventricles 
E)  relaxation; atria

Question 19

The cardiac cycle has two phases: _______, when the ventricles contract; and diastole, when the ventricles relax.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cardiac cycle has two phases: _______,...

Question 20

A blood pressure reading from a sphygmomanometer is measured in millimeters of mercury.For a reading of 140/100, for example, the first number represents _______ and the second number represents _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure during ventricular contraction; pressure during ventricular relaxation 
B)  pressure during ventricular relaxation; pressure during ventricular contraction 
C)  pressure during ventricular contraction; pressure during atrial contraction 
D)  pressure during atrial contraction; pressure during ventricular contraction 
E)  diastolic pressure; systolic pressure 
A)  pressure during ventricular contraction; pressure during ventricular relaxation 
B)  pressure during ventricular relaxation; pressure during ventricular contraction 
C)  pressure during ventricular contraction; pressure during atrial contraction 
D)  pressure during atrial contraction; pressure during ventricular contraction 
E)  diastolic pressure; systolic pressure

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

Refer to the figure. Which statement about the figure is false?

Refer to the figure, which shows the mammalian circulatory system.The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow. The left ventricle is indicated at which point (1-4)?

Specialized cardiac muscle cells located in the right atrium near the junction of the superior vena cava serve as pacemaker cells and are called the _______.

Refer to the figure, which shows the human heart. Which structure contains blood with the highest concentration of O2? Provide name and number.

Which statement about circulatory systems is false?

The P wave of an electrocardiogram recording corresponds to the _______ of the atria.

The pacemaker resting potential is _______ negative than those of other cardiac muscle cells because the _______ channels of pacemaker cells are more open.

Bone marrow stem cells produce large cells called _______ that release cell fragments called platelets, which function in blood clotting.

The action potentials of pacemaker cells are due to voltage-gated _______ channels, which close more _______ than the voltage-gated Na+ channels of neurons and other muscle cells.

"Systole" and "diastole" refer to the _______ and _______, respectively, of the _______ in mammals.

Which statement about veins is false?

In mammals, the right _______ pumps blood through the _______ circuit, and the left _______ pumps blood through the _______ circuit.

Refer to the figure. Identify the numbered of vessels shown in the figure, beginning with number 1 and ending with number 6.

An antelope sprints quickly away from a predator, relying on anaerobic respiration in the powerful skeletal muscles of its legs.What might you expect to see in its circulatory system while escaping the predator?

The smooth muscle around arterioles can

Which statement is false?

Which of the following is not an advantage of having separate pulmonary and systemic circuits for birds and mammals?

Refer to the figure, which shows an electrocardiogram (ECG). In the ECG of a normal cardiac cycle, the wave called T corresponds to _______ of the _______.

The cardiac cycle has two phases: _______, when the ventricles contract; and diastole, when the ventricles relax.

A blood pressure reading from a sphygmomanometer is measured in millimeters of mercury.For a reading of 140/100, for example, the first number represents _______ and the second number represents _______.

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Refer to the figure, which shows the human heart. Which structure contains blood with the highest concentration of O₂? Provide name and number.

The pacemaker resting potential is _ negative than those of other cardiac muscle cells because the _ channels of pacemaker cells are more open.

The action potentials of pacemaker cells are due to voltage-gated _ channels, which close more _ than the voltage-gated Na⁺ channels of neurons and other muscle cells.

"Systole" and "diastole" refer to the ___ and _, respectively, of the _____ in mammals.

In mammals, the right ___ pumps blood through the _ circuit, and the left _ pumps blood through the ___ circuit.

Refer to the figure, which shows an electrocardiogram (ECG). In the ECG of a normal cardiac cycle, the wave called T corresponds to _ of the _.

A blood pressure reading from a sphygmomanometer is measured in millimeters of mercury.For a reading of 140/100, for example, the first number represents _ and the second number represents _.