Question 1

Which statement about autonomic nervous system control of a mammalian heartbeat is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter that influences ion channels of pacemaker cells. 
B)  The heart slows down in response to acetylcholine. 
C)  Acetylcholine increases permeability of Ca2+ channels. 
D)  Norepinephrine is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that influences ion channels of pacemaker cells. 
E)  Acetylcholine increases the permeability of K+ channels. 
A)  Acetylcholine is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter that influences ion channels of pacemaker cells. 
B)  The heart slows down in response to acetylcholine. 
C)  Acetylcholine increases permeability of Ca2+ channels. 
D)  Norepinephrine is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that influences ion channels of pacemaker cells. 
E)  Acetylcholine increases the permeability of K+ channels.

Question 2

Which factor is not associated with developing atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  High-fat diet 
B)  High-cholesterol diet 
C)  Inactivity 
D)  Genetic predisposition 
E)  Low blood pressure 
A)  High-fat diet 
B)  High-cholesterol diet 
C)  Inactivity 
D)  Genetic predisposition 
E)  Low blood pressure

Question 3

Which of the following is present in the walls of arteries but not in the walls of veins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endothelium 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Connective tissue 
D)  Many elastin fibers 
E)  Valves 
A)  Endothelium 
B)  Smooth muscle 
C)  Connective tissue 
D)  Many elastin fibers 
E)  Valves

Question 4

Which statement about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is released in response to increased activity of baroreceptors. 
B)  It increases blood pressure. 
C)  It prompts kidneys to resorb more water. 
D)  It increases blood volume. 
E)  It is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
A)  It is released in response to increased activity of baroreceptors. 
B)  It increases blood pressure. 
C)  It prompts kidneys to resorb more water. 
D)  It increases blood volume. 
E)  It is secreted by the posterior pituitary.

Question 5

The "lub-dup" sounds of the cardiac cycle correspond to the _______ of the heart valves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "lub-dup" sounds of the cardiac cycle...

Question 6

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that indicates that the adult animal had a four-chambered heart arranged in a single circuit.The animal could have been a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fish. 
B)  amphibian. 
C)  crocodile. 
D)  bird. 
E)  mammal. 
A)  fish. 
B)  amphibian. 
C)  crocodile. 
D)  bird. 
E)  mammal.

Question 7

Which is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis, heart attack 
B)  Embolus, heart attack, atherosclerosis 
C)  Stroke, atherosclerosis, embolism 
D)  Stroke, coronary thrombosis, atherosclerosis 
E)  Atherosclerosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, stroke 
A)  Atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis, heart attack 
B)  Embolus, heart attack, atherosclerosis 
C)  Stroke, atherosclerosis, embolism 
D)  Stroke, coronary thrombosis, atherosclerosis 
E)  Atherosclerosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, stroke

Question 8

The primary pacemaker of the heart is the _______ at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary pacemaker of the heart is...

Question 9

Pressure levels in the aorta alternate between a high level called _______ and a low level called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pressure levels in the aorta alternate between...

Question 10

In the water-breathing fish circulatory system, blood

Accepted Answer

A)  moves from the muscular ventricle to the bulbus arteriosus to the gills. 
B)  enters the aorta under high pressure. 
C)  leaves the heart and moves directly to body tissues. 
D)  leaves the gills under high pressure. 
E)  is received from the body directly into a muscular atrium. 
A)  moves from the muscular ventricle to the bulbus arteriosus to the gills. 
B)  enters the aorta under high pressure. 
C)  leaves the heart and moves directly to body tissues. 
D)  leaves the gills under high pressure. 
E)  is received from the body directly into a muscular atrium.

Question 11

A patient suffers from excessive bleeding whenever he gets cut.The patient is not a hemophiliac.It is likely, therefore, that this patient's symptom is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  liver disease. 
B)  atherosclerosis. 
C)  arteriosclerosis. 
D)  a myocardial infarction. 
E)  an embolism. 
A)  liver disease. 
B)  atherosclerosis. 
C)  arteriosclerosis. 
D)  a myocardial infarction. 
E)  an embolism.

Question 12

Evaluate the following statement for accuracy: Arteries always carry blood high in oxygen and veins always carry blood low in oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Although mos

Question 13

Which statement about human red blood cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoglobin production begins once red blood cells mature and enter circulation. 
B)  Typically, bone marrow produces about 2 million red blood cells every second. 
C)  The biconcave shape of red blood cells provides a large surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  The nucleus of a red blood cell is extruded when hemoglobin content reaches about 25 percent. 
E)  Worn-out red blood cells are removed from circulation in the spleen. 
A)  Hemoglobin production begins once red blood cells mature and enter circulation. 
B)  Typically, bone marrow produces about 2 million red blood cells every second. 
C)  The biconcave shape of red blood cells provides a large surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  The nucleus of a red blood cell is extruded when hemoglobin content reaches about 25 percent. 
E)  Worn-out red blood cells are removed from circulation in the spleen.

Question 14

A deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results in diabetes insipidus.What symptoms associated with fluid balance would you expect to be associated with this disease?

Accepted Answer

The most obvious symptoms woul

Question 15

Which is an incorrect pairing between phase of the cardiac cycle and description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systole: ventricles contract 
B)  Diastole: "dup" sound at start 
C)  Diastole: ventricles relax 
D)  Systole: pressure in left ventricle decreases throughout 
E)  Systole: "lub" sound at start 
A)  Systole: ventricles contract 
B)  Diastole: "dup" sound at start 
C)  Diastole: ventricles relax 
D)  Systole: pressure in left ventricle decreases throughout 
E)  Systole: "lub" sound at start

Question 16

Refer to the figure, which shows the cardiac cycle in mammals.   During the cardiac cycle, the blood pressure in the aorta is at a minimum

Accepted Answer

A)  at the end of systole. 
B)  in the middle of diastole. 
C)  at the beginning of diastole. 
D)  when the "dup" sound can be heard with a stethoscope. 
E)  when the volume of blood in the ventricles is at its maximum. 
A)  at the end of systole. 
B)  in the middle of diastole. 
C)  at the beginning of diastole. 
D)  when the "dup" sound can be heard with a stethoscope. 
E)  when the volume of blood in the ventricles is at its maximum.

Question 17

All the following facilitate the return of blood to the heart except

Accepted Answer

A)  one-way valves that prevent backflow. 
B)  squeezing of veins by contractions of smooth muscles of the digestive tract. 
C)  muscles involved in inhalation. 
D)  squeezing of veins by contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles. 
E)  gravity, when veins are above the heart. 
A)  one-way valves that prevent backflow. 
B)  squeezing of veins by contractions of smooth muscles of the digestive tract. 
C)  muscles involved in inhalation. 
D)  squeezing of veins by contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles. 
E)  gravity, when veins are above the heart.

Question 18

Below the level of the heart, the movement of blood in the veins toward the heart is caused primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  gravity. 
B)  the contraction of venous walls. 
C)  cilia lining the veins. 
D)  the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles. 
E)  venous capacitance. 
A)  gravity. 
B)  the contraction of venous walls. 
C)  cilia lining the veins. 
D)  the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles. 
E)  venous capacitance.

Question 19

The mature red blood cells of humans

Accepted Answer

A)  contain no nuclei or endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  are more than 75 percent hemoglobin. 
C)  have a nearly spherical shape. 
D)  have a relatively low surface area-to-volume ratio. 
E)  have a rigid shape and low flexibility. 
A)  contain no nuclei or endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  are more than 75 percent hemoglobin. 
C)  have a nearly spherical shape. 
D)  have a relatively low surface area-to-volume ratio. 
E)  have a rigid shape and low flexibility.

Question 20

When submerged, frogs receive most of their O2 from capillaries within their skin.Which structure is likely to contain blood with the highest O2 concentration in a submerged frog that is not able to breathe using its lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Aorta 
D)  Ventricle 
E)  Pulmonary vein 
A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Aorta 
D)  Ventricle 
E)  Pulmonary vein

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

Which statement about autonomic nervous system control of a mammalian heartbeat is false?

Which factor is not associated with developing atherosclerosis?

Which of the following is present in the walls of arteries but not in the walls of veins?

Which statement about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is false?

The "lub-dup" sounds of the cardiac cycle correspond to the _______ of the heart valves.

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that indicates that the adult animal had a four-chambered heart arranged in a single circuit.The animal could have been a(n)

Which is the correct sequence of events?

The primary pacemaker of the heart is the _______ at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium.

Pressure levels in the aorta alternate between a high level called _______ and a low level called _______.

In the water-breathing fish circulatory system, blood

A patient suffers from excessive bleeding whenever he gets cut.The patient is not a hemophiliac.It is likely, therefore, that this patient's symptom is caused by

Evaluate the following statement for accuracy: Arteries always carry blood high in oxygen and veins always carry blood low in oxygen.

Which statement about human red blood cells is false?

A deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results in diabetes insipidus.What symptoms associated with fluid balance would you expect to be associated with this disease?

Which is an incorrect pairing between phase of the cardiac cycle and description?

Refer to the figure, which shows the cardiac cycle in mammals. During the cardiac cycle, the blood pressure in the aorta is at a minimum

All the following facilitate the return of blood to the heart except

Below the level of the heart, the movement of blood in the veins toward the heart is caused primarily by

The mature red blood cells of humans

When submerged, frogs receive most of their O2 from capillaries within their skin.Which structure is likely to contain blood with the highest O2 concentration in a submerged frog that is not able to breathe using its lungs?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

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Reproduction in Flowering Plants

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Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

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Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

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Pressure levels in the aorta alternate between a high level called _ and a low level called _.

When submerged, frogs receive most of their O₂ from capillaries within their skin.Which structure is likely to contain blood with the highest O₂ concentration in a submerged frog that is not able to breathe using its lungs?