Question 1

Which of the following does not characterize platelets?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are cell fragments released by megakaryocytes. 
B)  They lack organelles. 
C)  They are packed with chemicals and enzymes necessary for blood clotting. 
D)  They are activated by collagen. 
E)  They are formed outside the bone marrow. 
A)  They are cell fragments released by megakaryocytes. 
B)  They lack organelles. 
C)  They are packed with chemicals and enzymes necessary for blood clotting. 
D)  They are activated by collagen. 
E)  They are formed outside the bone marrow.

Question 2

In humans, the _______ empty into the right atrium.

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary vein and aorta 
B)  inferior vena cava and superior vena cava 
C)  aorta and common iliac vein 
D)  pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein 
E)  common iliac vein and aorta 
A)  pulmonary vein and aorta 
B)  inferior vena cava and superior vena cava 
C)  aorta and common iliac vein 
D)  pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein 
E)  common iliac vein and aorta

Question 3

In fishes, blood enters a chamber called the sinus venosus before entering the atrium and moving into the ventricle.From the ventricle, blood enters the chamber called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In fishes, blood enters a chamber called...

Question 4

_______ return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ return oxygenated blood from the lungs...

Question 5

The hormone erythropoietin is released by the kidney

Accepted Answer

A)  to remove old red blood cells from circulation. 
B)  in response to high levels of oxygen in circulation. 
C)  in response to low levels of hemoglobin. 
D)  to stimulate production of red blood cells. 
E)  to stimulate platelet formation. 
A)  to remove old red blood cells from circulation. 
B)  in response to high levels of oxygen in circulation. 
C)  in response to low levels of hemoglobin. 
D)  to stimulate production of red blood cells. 
E)  to stimulate platelet formation.

Question 6

In mammals, the interstitial fluid that accumulates outside the capillaries is returned to the heart by a separate system of vessels called the _______ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In mammals, the interstitial fluid that accumulates...

Question 7

If many arterioles suddenly _______, then total peripheral resistance _______ and mean arterial pressure _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dilate; increases; decreases 
B)  dilate; decreases; decreases 
C)  constrict; decreases; decreases 
D)  dilate; increases; remains the same 
E)  constrict; increases; decreases 
A)  dilate; increases; decreases 
B)  dilate; decreases; decreases 
C)  constrict; decreases; decreases 
D)  dilate; increases; remains the same 
E)  constrict; increases; decreases

Question 8

Lymph nodes are sites where

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph vessels join the venous system. 
B)  nerve cell bodies innervating the lymphatic system are concentrated. 
C)  the amount of fluid in the blood is regulated. 
D)  new red blood cells are produced. 
E)  microorganisms and foreign materials are removed by phagocytosis. 
A)  lymph vessels join the venous system. 
B)  nerve cell bodies innervating the lymphatic system are concentrated. 
C)  the amount of fluid in the blood is regulated. 
D)  new red blood cells are produced. 
E)  microorganisms and foreign materials are removed by phagocytosis.

Question 9

Refer to the figure.   What are the names of the structures labeled 2 and 4, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bundle of His; atrioventricular node 
B)  Bundle of His; Purkinje fibers 
C)  Purkinje fibers; sinoatrial node 
D)  Sinoatrial node; atrioventricular node 
E)  Purkinje fibers; Bundle of His 
A)  Bundle of His; atrioventricular node 
B)  Bundle of His; Purkinje fibers 
C)  Purkinje fibers; sinoatrial node 
D)  Sinoatrial node; atrioventricular node 
E)  Purkinje fibers; Bundle of His

Question 10

A ventricular septal defect is a congenital heart defect (i.e., a defect present at birth) characterized by a hole in the septum (wall) between the two ventricles.What would be the result of such a defect?

Accepted Answer

A ventricular septal defect would allow

Question 11

Which of the following would not prompt the smooth muscles of arterioles to relax?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low O2 
B)  Increased lactic acid 
C)  Increased H+ 
D)  Low CO2 
E)  Increased adenosine 
A)  Low O2 
B)  Increased lactic acid 
C)  Increased H+ 
D)  Low CO2 
E)  Increased adenosine

Question 12

Crocodilians differ from other (nonavian) reptiles in that they have

Accepted Answer

A)  separate pulmonary circulation. 
B)  lungs and no gills. 
C)  an open circulatory system. 
D)  more muscular atria. 
E)  a four-chambered heart. 
A)  separate pulmonary circulation. 
B)  lungs and no gills. 
C)  an open circulatory system. 
D)  more muscular atria. 
E)  a four-chambered heart.

Question 13

Which is the correct order of substances in the cascade leading to clot formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clotting factors, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin 
B)  Prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, clotting factors 
C)  Clotting factors, thrombin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin 
D)  Fibrin, clotting factors, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen 
E)  Fibrinogen, fibrin, prothrombin, thrombin, clotting factors 
A)  Clotting factors, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin 
B)  Prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, clotting factors 
C)  Clotting factors, thrombin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin 
D)  Fibrin, clotting factors, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen 
E)  Fibrinogen, fibrin, prothrombin, thrombin, clotting factors

Question 14

Which statement about the cardiac cycle in mammals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the ventricles contract in unison. 
B)  Only the atria contract in unison. 
C)  The atria contract in unison and the ventricles contract in unison. 
D)  Only the atrium and ventricle on the right side of the heart contract in unison. 
E)  Only the atrium and ventricle on the left side of the heart contract in unison. 
A)  Only the ventricles contract in unison. 
B)  Only the atria contract in unison. 
C)  The atria contract in unison and the ventricles contract in unison. 
D)  Only the atrium and ventricle on the right side of the heart contract in unison. 
E)  Only the atrium and ventricle on the left side of the heart contract in unison.

Question 15

Which of the following about capillaries is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a total cross-sectional area greater than any other class of vessel. 
B)  Blood moves through them at low velocity. 
C)  Their walls consist of a single layer of endothelial cells. 
D)  They are permeable to water and some ions but not to proteins. 
E)  Blood moves through them at high pressure due to the small diameter of the vessels. 
A)  They have a total cross-sectional area greater than any other class of vessel. 
B)  Blood moves through them at low velocity. 
C)  Their walls consist of a single layer of endothelial cells. 
D)  They are permeable to water and some ions but not to proteins. 
E)  Blood moves through them at high pressure due to the small diameter of the vessels.

Question 16

_______ can control blood flow to specific tissues and are known as resistance vessels.

Accepted Answer

A)  Arteries 
B)  Arterioles 
C)  Capillaries 
D)  Venules 
E)  Veins 
A)  Arteries 
B)  Arterioles 
C)  Capillaries 
D)  Venules 
E)  Veins

Question 17

A platelet is activated to initiate clotting

Accepted Answer

A)  during an allergic reaction. 
B)  when leukocytes are activated. 
C)  when it encounters collagen fibers. 
D)  when blood flow rates drop. 
E)  in the presence of prothrombin. 
A)  during an allergic reaction. 
B)  when leukocytes are activated. 
C)  when it encounters collagen fibers. 
D)  when blood flow rates drop. 
E)  in the presence of prothrombin.

Question 18

Blood pressure is _______ than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed, which is where the process of _______ occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater; resorption 
B)  greater; filtration 
C)  lesser; resorption 
D)  lesser; filtration 
E)  lesser; edema 
A)  greater; resorption 
B)  greater; filtration 
C)  lesser; resorption 
D)  lesser; filtration 
E)  lesser; edema

Question 19

Production of red blood cells is controlled by the hormone _______, which is released by cells of the _______ in response to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin; bone marrow; insufficient oxygen 
B)  erythropoietin; kidneys; insufficient oxygen 
C)  atrial natriuretic peptide; heart; too much oxygen 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide; heart; insufficient oxygen 
E)  erythropoietin; kidneys; too much carbon dioxide 
A)  erythropoietin; bone marrow; insufficient oxygen 
B)  erythropoietin; kidneys; insufficient oxygen 
C)  atrial natriuretic peptide; heart; too much oxygen 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide; heart; insufficient oxygen 
E)  erythropoietin; kidneys; too much carbon dioxide

Question 20

The walls of large _______ have elastic fibers and can withstand high pressures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The walls of large _______ have elastic...

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

Which of the following does not characterize platelets?

In humans, the _______ empty into the right atrium.

In fishes, blood enters a chamber called the sinus venosus before entering the atrium and moving into the ventricle.From the ventricle, blood enters the chamber called the _______.

_______ return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

The hormone erythropoietin is released by the kidney

In mammals, the interstitial fluid that accumulates outside the capillaries is returned to the heart by a separate system of vessels called the _______ system.

If many arterioles suddenly _______, then total peripheral resistance _______ and mean arterial pressure _______.

Lymph nodes are sites where

Refer to the figure. What are the names of the structures labeled 2 and 4, respectively?

A ventricular septal defect is a congenital heart defect (i.e., a defect present at birth) characterized by a hole in the septum (wall) between the two ventricles.What would be the result of such a defect?

Which of the following would not prompt the smooth muscles of arterioles to relax?

Crocodilians differ from other (nonavian) reptiles in that they have

Which is the correct order of substances in the cascade leading to clot formation?

Which statement about the cardiac cycle in mammals is true?

Which of the following about capillaries is false?

_______ can control blood flow to specific tissues and are known as resistance vessels.

A platelet is activated to initiate clotting

Blood pressure is _______ than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed, which is where the process of _______ occurs.

Production of red blood cells is controlled by the hormone _______, which is released by cells of the _______ in response to _______.

The walls of large _______ have elastic fibers and can withstand high pressures.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

If many arterioles suddenly ___, then total peripheral resistance _ and mean arterial pressure _____.

Blood pressure is _ than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed, which is where the process of _ occurs.

Production of red blood cells is controlled by the hormone ___, which is released by cells of the _ in response to _____.