Question 1

Which of these features do(es) not characterize animals without a circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single-celled 
B)  Small and thin 
C)  Aquatic with a gastrovascular cavity 
D)  Large body size and very active 
E)  Relatively large and sedentary 
A)  Single-celled 
B)  Small and thin 
C)  Aquatic with a gastrovascular cavity 
D)  Large body size and very active 
E)  Relatively large and sedentary

Question 2

The pacemaker function in the mammalian heart is performed by the

Accepted Answer

A)  sinoatrial node. 
B)  atrioventricular node. 
C)  Purkinje fibers. 
D)  bundle of His. 
E)  ventricular mass. 
A)  sinoatrial node. 
B)  atrioventricular node. 
C)  Purkinje fibers. 
D)  bundle of His. 
E)  ventricular mass.

Question 3

Which situation is most likely to facilitate a parasympathetic response and cause heart rate and arterial pressure to decrease?

Accepted Answer

A)  A relaxing massage 
B)  A significant loss of blood 
C)  An energetic workout 
D)  Watching a scary movie 
E)  A drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine 
A)  A relaxing massage 
B)  A significant loss of blood 
C)  An energetic workout 
D)  Watching a scary movie 
E)  A drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine

Question 4

In the circulatory system of fishes, blood returning from the body flows through the heart by first entering the sinus venosus and then flowing through the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the circulatory system of fishes, blood...

Question 5

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diastole, in which the ventricles contract, and systole, in which the ventricles relax 
B)  Systole, in which the ventricles contract, and diastole, in which the ventricles relax 
C)  Systole, in which the atria contract, and diastole, in which the ventricles contract 
D)  Diastole, in which the atria relax, and systole, in which the ventricles relax 
E)  Systole, in which the atria relax, and diastole, in which the atria contract 
A)  Diastole, in which the ventricles contract, and systole, in which the ventricles relax 
B)  Systole, in which the ventricles contract, and diastole, in which the ventricles relax 
C)  Systole, in which the atria contract, and diastole, in which the ventricles contract 
D)  Diastole, in which the atria relax, and systole, in which the ventricles relax 
E)  Systole, in which the atria relax, and diastole, in which the atria contract

Question 6

Which is the incorrect pairing between phase of the action potential of ventricular muscle fibers and event that occurs within the phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rising phase: opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels 
B)  Falling phase: closing of K+ channels 
C)  Plateau phase: prolonged opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels 
D)  Falling phase: closure of Ca2+ channels 
E)  Rising phase: closure of K+ channels 
A)  Rising phase: opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels 
B)  Falling phase: closing of K+ channels 
C)  Plateau phase: prolonged opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels 
D)  Falling phase: closure of Ca2+ channels 
E)  Rising phase: closure of K+ channels

Question 7

Olympic wrestlers grapple with each other for relatively short but intense periods, relying on powerful skeletal muscles in their arms and legs to pin their opponents.What changes might you expect to see in their circulatory systems during the match?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of the parasympathetic system 
B)  A carefully maintained, constant stroke volume 
C)  A decrease in norepinephrine secretion 
D)  An increase in blood flow to the gut 
E)  Relaxation of arterioles serving capillaries in the arms and legs 
A)  Activation of the parasympathetic system 
B)  A carefully maintained, constant stroke volume 
C)  A decrease in norepinephrine secretion 
D)  An increase in blood flow to the gut 
E)  Relaxation of arterioles serving capillaries in the arms and legs

Question 8

Evaluate the following statement for accuracy, and explain your

Accepted Answer

Increased activity in barorece

Question 9

In animals with closed circulatory systems, the extracellular fluid in the circulatory system is called blood plasma and the extracellular fluid outside the circulatory system is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In animals with closed circulatory systems, the...

Question 10

Cardiac muscle contracts when _______ is available to bind with _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+; tropomyosin 
B)  Ca2+; myosin 
C)  Ca2+; troponin 
D)  Na+; troponin 
E)  Na+; tropomyosin 
A)  Ca2+; tropomyosin 
B)  Ca2+; myosin 
C)  Ca2+; troponin 
D)  Na+; troponin 
E)  Na+; tropomyosin

Question 11

Which of the following about human red blood cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their biconcave shape yields a small surface area. 
B)  They lack nuclei when mature. 
C)  Erythropoietin controls their production. 
D)  They are generated by stem cells in bone marrow. 
E)  They tend to rupture as they get older and less flexible. 
A)  Their biconcave shape yields a small surface area. 
B)  They lack nuclei when mature. 
C)  Erythropoietin controls their production. 
D)  They are generated by stem cells in bone marrow. 
E)  They tend to rupture as they get older and less flexible.

Question 12

The P wave of an electrocardiogram reflects electrical activity in which part of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium only 
B)  Both ventricles 
C)  Both atria 
D)  Left atrium only 
E)  Atrioventricular node 
A)  Right atrium only 
B)  Both ventricles 
C)  Both atria 
D)  Left atrium only 
E)  Atrioventricular node

Question 13

Which is the incorrect pairing of vertebrate group and heart structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphibians: two atria and one ventricle 
B)  Birds: two atria and two ventricles 
C)  Turtles: two atria and one ventricle 
D)  Fishes: one atrium and one ventricle 
E)  Crocodilians: two atria and one ventricle 
A)  Amphibians: two atria and one ventricle 
B)  Birds: two atria and two ventricles 
C)  Turtles: two atria and one ventricle 
D)  Fishes: one atrium and one ventricle 
E)  Crocodilians: two atria and one ventricle

Question 14

Which of the following about hemolymph is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is found inside vessels of open circulatory systems. 
B)  It is the only fluid found in open circulatory systems. 
C)  It is found outside vessels of open circulatory systems. 
D)  It is pumped by the heart. 
E)  It is found in annelids. 
A)  It is found inside vessels of open circulatory systems. 
B)  It is the only fluid found in open circulatory systems. 
C)  It is found outside vessels of open circulatory systems. 
D)  It is pumped by the heart. 
E)  It is found in annelids.

Question 15

Oxygen levels decrease as altitude increases.What physiological changes would you predict regarding components of blood and hormones that regulate them when a person moves to a high mountain town in the Rockies, having previously lived at sea level?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to low oxygen levels would caus

Question 16

Ectothermic reptiles

Accepted Answer

A)  have continuously high metabolic demands. 
B)  have a partially divided atrium. 
C)  can shunt blood past the lungs when not breathing. 
D)  constrict pulmonary vessels when breathing. 
E)  have greater resistance in the pulmonary circuit than in the systemic circuit when breathing. 
A)  have continuously high metabolic demands. 
B)  have a partially divided atrium. 
C)  can shunt blood past the lungs when not breathing. 
D)  constrict pulmonary vessels when breathing. 
E)  have greater resistance in the pulmonary circuit than in the systemic circuit when breathing.

Question 17

The most abundant cells in mammalian blood are

Accepted Answer

A)  erythrocytes. 
B)  leukocytes. 
C)  phagocytes. 
D)  platelets. 
E)  megakaryocytes. 
A)  erythrocytes. 
B)  leukocytes. 
C)  phagocytes. 
D)  platelets. 
E)  megakaryocytes.

Question 18

Baroreceptors in the _______ are activated when _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta and carotid arteries; blood pressure rises 
B)  medulla; blood pressure rises 
C)  aorta and carotid arteries; blood PO2 falls 
D)  medulla; blood PO2 rises 
E)  arterioles; blood pressure drops 
A)  aorta and carotid arteries; blood pressure rises 
B)  medulla; blood pressure rises 
C)  aorta and carotid arteries; blood PO2 falls 
D)  medulla; blood PO2 rises 
E)  arterioles; blood pressure drops

Question 19

One advantage of having separate pulmonary and systemic circuits is that the circuits can operate at different pressures.In birds and mammals, the pulmonary circuit can function at _______ pressures than the systemic circuit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One advantage of having separate pulmonary and...

Question 20

In the cardiac cycle of humans, blood pressure is at its maximum when the _______ are _______ during _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  atria; contracting; systole 
B)  atria; contracting; diastole 
C)  ventricles; contracting; systole 
D)  ventricles; relaxing; systole 
E)  ventricles; relaxing; diastole 
A)  atria; contracting; systole 
B)  atria; contracting; diastole 
C)  ventricles; contracting; systole 
D)  ventricles; relaxing; systole 
E)  ventricles; relaxing; diastole

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

Which of these features do(es) not characterize animals without a circulatory system?

The pacemaker function in the mammalian heart is performed by the

Which situation is most likely to facilitate a parasympathetic response and cause heart rate and arterial pressure to decrease?

In the circulatory system of fishes, blood returning from the body flows through the heart by first entering the sinus venosus and then flowing through the _______.

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?

Which is the incorrect pairing between phase of the action potential of ventricular muscle fibers and event that occurs within the phase?

Olympic wrestlers grapple with each other for relatively short but intense periods, relying on powerful skeletal muscles in their arms and legs to pin their opponents.What changes might you expect to see in their circulatory systems during the match?

Evaluate the following statement for accuracy, and explain your

In animals with closed circulatory systems, the extracellular fluid in the circulatory system is called blood plasma and the extracellular fluid outside the circulatory system is called _______.

Cardiac muscle contracts when _______ is available to bind with _______.

Which of the following about human red blood cells is false?

The P wave of an electrocardiogram reflects electrical activity in which part of the heart?

Which is the incorrect pairing of vertebrate group and heart structure?

Which of the following about hemolymph is false?

Oxygen levels decrease as altitude increases.What physiological changes would you predict regarding components of blood and hormones that regulate them when a person moves to a high mountain town in the Rockies, having previously lived at sea level?

Ectothermic reptiles

The most abundant cells in mammalian blood are

Baroreceptors in the _______ are activated when _______.

One advantage of having separate pulmonary and systemic circuits is that the circuits can operate at different pressures.In birds and mammals, the pulmonary circuit can function at _______ pressures than the systemic circuit.

In the cardiac cycle of humans, blood pressure is at its maximum when the _______ are _______ during _______.

Studying Life

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Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

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Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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Filters

Cardiac muscle contracts when _ is available to bind with _.

Baroreceptors in the _ are activated when _.

In the cardiac cycle of humans, blood pressure is at its maximum when the ___ are _ during _____.