Question 1

Which of the following does not characterize the circulatory systems of lungfishes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lungfishes have a heart with a partially divided atrium. 
B)  Lungfishes have a vessel, not present in other fishes, that transports blood from lungs back to the heart. 
C)  When breathing air, deoxygenated blood that enters the heart is directed to the anterior pair of gill arches lacking gill filaments. 
D)  The right side of the atrium receives blood low in oxygen from the tissues. 
E)  The left side of the atrium receives blood high in oxygen from the lungs. 
A)  Lungfishes have a heart with a partially divided atrium. 
B)  Lungfishes have a vessel, not present in other fishes, that transports blood from lungs back to the heart. 
C)  When breathing air, deoxygenated blood that enters the heart is directed to the anterior pair of gill arches lacking gill filaments. 
D)  The right side of the atrium receives blood low in oxygen from the tissues. 
E)  The left side of the atrium receives blood high in oxygen from the lungs.

Question 2

Which of the following does not characterize adult red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  They are produced in blood vessels. 
C)  They have a biconcave shape. 
D)  They are flexible enough to squeeze through capillaries. 
E)  When older, they rupture in the spleen. 
A)  They transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  They are produced in blood vessels. 
C)  They have a biconcave shape. 
D)  They are flexible enough to squeeze through capillaries. 
E)  When older, they rupture in the spleen.

Question 3

Heart murmurs result from defective

Accepted Answer

A)  heart muscle. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  ventricular contraction. 
D)  blood supply to the heart. 
E)  heart valves. 
A)  heart muscle. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  ventricular contraction. 
D)  blood supply to the heart. 
E)  heart valves.

Question 4

Which of the following about arterioles is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are called resistance vessels because their resistance can vary, allowing them to control blood flow to tissues. 
B)  Their velocity of blood flow is lower than that of arteries. 
C)  Their mean blood pressure is lower than that of arteries. 
D)  Their total area is larger than that of capillaries. 
E)  They have smooth muscle cells in their walls that control diameter and resistance. 
A)  They are called resistance vessels because their resistance can vary, allowing them to control blood flow to tissues. 
B)  Their velocity of blood flow is lower than that of arteries. 
C)  Their mean blood pressure is lower than that of arteries. 
D)  Their total area is larger than that of capillaries. 
E)  They have smooth muscle cells in their walls that control diameter and resistance.

Question 5

As compared with the circulatory system of most fishes, the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Accepted Answer

A)  a four-chambered heart. 
B)  two aortas. 
C)  a partial separation between pulmonary and systemic circulation. 
D)  a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder. 
E)  complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
A)  a four-chambered heart. 
B)  two aortas. 
C)  a partial separation between pulmonary and systemic circulation. 
D)  a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder. 
E)  complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 6

Which animals would be the best for illustrating the evolutionary transition of the vertebrate circulatory system from a single loop system to one with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lungfishes 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Birds 
D)  Amphibians 
E)  Reptiles 
A)  Lungfishes 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Birds 
D)  Amphibians 
E)  Reptiles

Question 7

The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  arteriole. 
B)  nerve. 
C)  red blood cell. 
D)  valve. 
E)  venule. 
A)  arteriole. 
B)  nerve. 
C)  red blood cell. 
D)  valve. 
E)  venule.

Question 8

Which statement about the lymphatic system is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lymphatic system conducts lymph from the lymph capillaries to the thoracic duct, where it enters the circulatory system. 
B)  Lymph is identical to blood except that it does not contain erythrocytes. 
C)  Lymphoid capillaries are distributed throughout the body. 
D)  Lymph is propelled by contraction of skeletal muscles. 
E)  Lymph nodes are an important part of the defense system that combats infections. 
A)  The lymphatic system conducts lymph from the lymph capillaries to the thoracic duct, where it enters the circulatory system. 
B)  Lymph is identical to blood except that it does not contain erythrocytes. 
C)  Lymphoid capillaries are distributed throughout the body. 
D)  Lymph is propelled by contraction of skeletal muscles. 
E)  Lymph nodes are an important part of the defense system that combats infections.

Question 9

The Frank-Starling law suggests that during exercise, the

Accepted Answer

A)  flow of blood through the heart speeds up. 
B)  heart is stretched and contracts more forcefully. 
C)  veins expand to handle increased blood flow. 
D)  heart fills to capacity with blood at each beat. 
E)  valves in veins cannot prevent backflow. 
A)  flow of blood through the heart speeds up. 
B)  heart is stretched and contracts more forcefully. 
C)  veins expand to handle increased blood flow. 
D)  heart fills to capacity with blood at each beat. 
E)  valves in veins cannot prevent backflow.

Question 10

The lifetime of an individual red blood cell in humans is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  4 hours. 
B)  4 days. 
C)  4 weeks. 
D)  40 days. 
E)  4 months. 
A)  4 hours. 
B)  4 days. 
C)  4 weeks. 
D)  40 days. 
E)  4 months.

Question 11

When whole blood is centrifuged, it is separated into a liquid component called _______ and a bottom layer of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hematocrit; cells 
B)  plasma; cells 
C)  plaque; cells 
D)  hematocrit; plasma 
E)  packed cell volume; plasma 
A)  hematocrit; cells 
B)  plasma; cells 
C)  plaque; cells 
D)  hematocrit; plasma 
E)  packed cell volume; plasma

Question 12

Which of the following does not characterize angiotensin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is produced when blood pressure in the kidneys drops. 
B)  It stimulates thirst. 
C)  It is inhibited by renin. 
D)  It causes arterial pressure to rise. 
E)  It constricts arterioles, mostly in peripheral tissues. 
A)  It is produced when blood pressure in the kidneys drops. 
B)  It stimulates thirst. 
C)  It is inhibited by renin. 
D)  It causes arterial pressure to rise. 
E)  It constricts arterioles, mostly in peripheral tissues.

Question 13

Which vertebrate has a three-chambered heart with both pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water-breathing fish 
B)  Lungfish 
C)  Amphibian 
D)  Crocodilian 
E)  Bird 
A)  Water-breathing fish 
B)  Lungfish 
C)  Amphibian 
D)  Crocodilian 
E)  Bird

Question 14

The heart beats because of cardiac muscle's specialized properties, such as

Accepted Answer

A)  high resistance to outside stimulation. 
B)  an external pacemaker system. 
C)  a low level of electrical activity. 
D)  cell communication via gap junctions. 
E)  rapid communication through release of neurotransmitters between cells. 
A)  high resistance to outside stimulation. 
B)  an external pacemaker system. 
C)  a low level of electrical activity. 
D)  cell communication via gap junctions. 
E)  rapid communication through release of neurotransmitters between cells.

Question 15

Evaluate the following statement for accuracy: A person who remains seated for a long time may experience swelling of the feet because blood accumulates in veins of the lower body and this causes osmotic pressure to exceed hydrostatic pressure.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. During prolo

Question 16

Which of the following about the circulatory systems of amphibians is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adult animals have a partial separation of pulmonary and systemic circuits. 
B)  Vessels in the skin pick up oxygen. 
C)  Anatomical features of the ventricle direct blood flow from the right atrium to the aorta. 
D)  The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body. 
E)  There is limited mixing of blood high in oxygen with blood low in oxygen in the ventricle. 
A)  Adult animals have a partial separation of pulmonary and systemic circuits. 
B)  Vessels in the skin pick up oxygen. 
C)  Anatomical features of the ventricle direct blood flow from the right atrium to the aorta. 
D)  The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body. 
E)  There is limited mixing of blood high in oxygen with blood low in oxygen in the ventricle.

Question 17

When a piece of thrombus breaks loose and lodges in a smaller vessel, blocking the flow of blood, the condition is called

Accepted Answer

A)  thrombosis. 
B)  an infarction. 
C)  an embolism. 
D)  atherosclerosis. 
E)  arteriosclerosis. 
A)  thrombosis. 
B)  an infarction. 
C)  an embolism. 
D)  atherosclerosis. 
E)  arteriosclerosis.

Question 18

Refer to the figure, which shows the mammalian circulatory system.The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow.   Name the vessel(s) entering chamber 3 and the vessel(s) leaving chamber 1.

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins deliver blood

Question 19

In humans, oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart by the

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary arteries. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  superior vena cava. 
D)  pulmonary veins. 
E)  coronary arteries. 
A)  pulmonary arteries. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  superior vena cava. 
D)  pulmonary veins. 
E)  coronary arteries.

Question 20

Refer to the graph, which shows ventricular muscle fiber membrane activity.   Which statement about the graph is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The activity shown in curve 1 is initiated by the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. 
B)  Curve 1 depicts an action potential for ventricular muscle. 
C)  The extended plateau of curve 1 is due to sustained opening of voltage-gated calcium channels. 
D)  The activity shown in curve 2 depicts the relative permeability of the membrane to sodium ions. 
E)  The activity shown in curve 3 depicts the relative permeability of the membrane to potassium ions. 
A)  The activity shown in curve 1 is initiated by the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. 
B)  Curve 1 depicts an action potential for ventricular muscle. 
C)  The extended plateau of curve 1 is due to sustained opening of voltage-gated calcium channels. 
D)  The activity shown in curve 2 depicts the relative permeability of the membrane to sodium ions. 
E)  The activity shown in curve 3 depicts the relative permeability of the membrane to potassium ions.

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

Which of the following does not characterize the circulatory systems of lungfishes?

Which of the following does not characterize adult red blood cells?

Heart murmurs result from defective

Which of the following about arterioles is false?

As compared with the circulatory system of most fishes, the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Which animals would be the best for illustrating the evolutionary transition of the vertebrate circulatory system from a single loop system to one with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits?

The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of a(n)

Which statement about the lymphatic system is false?

The Frank-Starling law suggests that during exercise, the

The lifetime of an individual red blood cell in humans is approximately

When whole blood is centrifuged, it is separated into a liquid component called _______ and a bottom layer of _______.

Which of the following does not characterize angiotensin?

Which vertebrate has a three-chambered heart with both pulmonary and systemic circuits?

The heart beats because of cardiac muscle's specialized properties, such as

Evaluate the following statement for accuracy: A person who remains seated for a long time may experience swelling of the feet because blood accumulates in veins of the lower body and this causes osmotic pressure to exceed hydrostatic pressure.

Which of the following about the circulatory systems of amphibians is false?

When a piece of thrombus breaks loose and lodges in a smaller vessel, blocking the flow of blood, the condition is called

Refer to the figure, which shows the mammalian circulatory system.The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow. Name the vessel(s) entering chamber 3 and the vessel(s) leaving chamber 1.

In humans, oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart by the

Refer to the graph, which shows ventricular muscle fiber membrane activity. Which statement about the graph is false?

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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When whole blood is centrifuged, it is separated into a liquid component called _ and a bottom layer of _.