Question 1

In an animal with a closed circulatory system, the types of extracellular fluid found in the body include

Accepted Answer

A)  blood plasma and hemolymph. 
B)  blood plasma plus interstitial fluid. 
C)  hemolymph and extracellular fluid. 
D)  lymphatic fluid plus blood. 
E)  interstitial fluid and hemolymph. 
A)  blood plasma and hemolymph. 
B)  blood plasma plus interstitial fluid. 
C)  hemolymph and extracellular fluid. 
D)  lymphatic fluid plus blood. 
E)  interstitial fluid and hemolymph.

Question 2

In open circulatory systems of arthropods, fluid enters the _______ through holes called ostia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In open circulatory systems of arthropods, fluid...

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A high-fat diet 
B)  Smoking 
C)  Living at a high altitude 
D)  An inactive lifestyle 
E)  Hypertension 
A)  A high-fat diet 
B)  Smoking 
C)  Living at a high altitude 
D)  An inactive lifestyle 
E)  Hypertension

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the mammalian heart is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart murmurs are sounds resulting from a defective left ventricle. 
B)  The "lub" sound results from closing of the atrioventricular valves. 
C)  The "lub" sound marks the beginning of systole. 
D)  The "dup" sound results from closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves. 
E)  A sphygmomanometer can be used to measure blood pressure changes associated with the cardiac cycle. 
A)  Heart murmurs are sounds resulting from a defective left ventricle. 
B)  The "lub" sound results from closing of the atrioventricular valves. 
C)  The "lub" sound marks the beginning of systole. 
D)  The "dup" sound results from closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves. 
E)  A sphygmomanometer can be used to measure blood pressure changes associated with the cardiac cycle.

Question 5

When compared with skeletal muscle fibers, ventricular muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A)  contract for longer. 
B)  remain depolarized for a shorter period of time. 
C)  exhibit stronger contractions. 
D)  require less Ca2+. 
E)  have a more abbreviated opening of voltage-gated Ca2+channels. 
A)  contract for longer. 
B)  remain depolarized for a shorter period of time. 
C)  exhibit stronger contractions. 
D)  require less Ca2+. 
E)  have a more abbreviated opening of voltage-gated Ca2+channels.

Question 6

Which condition would not induce hyperemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low O2 
B)  Increased lactic acid 
C)  Increased adenosine 
D)  Increased H+ 
E)  Low CO2 
A)  Low O2 
B)  Increased lactic acid 
C)  Increased adenosine 
D)  Increased H+ 
E)  Low CO2

Question 7

Which group of vertebrates is phylogenetically oldest and retains the ancestral type of heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reptiles 
B)  Amphibians 
C)  Fishes 
D)  Birds 
E)  Mammals 
A)  Reptiles 
B)  Amphibians 
C)  Fishes 
D)  Birds 
E)  Mammals

Question 8

In humans under normal conditions, the bone marrow can produce about 2 million _______ every second.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In humans under normal conditions, the bone...

Question 9

Refer to the figure, which shows the mammalian circulatory system.The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow.   The right atrium is indicated at which point (1-4)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  The right atrium is not represented in the diagram. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  The right atrium is not represented in the diagram.

Question 10

In humans, atrial septal defect is a heart defect present at birth in which blood flows between the right and left atria.This condition allows

Accepted Answer

A)  blood in the ventricles to flow back into atria. 
B)  blood high in oxygen and blood low in oxygen to mix in the heart. 
C)  more efficient delivery of oxygen to tissues. 
D)  more blood to flow to the lungs. 
E)  less blood to flow to the body. 
A)  blood in the ventricles to flow back into atria. 
B)  blood high in oxygen and blood low in oxygen to mix in the heart. 
C)  more efficient delivery of oxygen to tissues. 
D)  more blood to flow to the lungs. 
E)  less blood to flow to the body.

Question 11

Reptiles in which blood is shunted are characterized by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  bursts of activity interspersed with inactivity. 
B)  two atria. 
C)  intermittent breathing. 
D)  ectothermy. 
E)  continuously high metabolic rates. 
A)  bursts of activity interspersed with inactivity. 
B)  two atria. 
C)  intermittent breathing. 
D)  ectothermy. 
E)  continuously high metabolic rates.

Question 12

In humans, which have a closed circulatory system, _______ makes up less than _______ percent of _______ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial fluid; 25; body 
B)  blood plasma; 25; extracellular 
C)  blood plasma; 25; interstitial 
D)  interstitial fluid; 25; extracellular 
E)  blood plasma; 5; extracellular 
A)  interstitial fluid; 25; body 
B)  blood plasma; 25; extracellular 
C)  blood plasma; 25; interstitial 
D)  interstitial fluid; 25; extracellular 
E)  blood plasma; 5; extracellular

Question 13

Refer to the graph, which shows blood pressure, blood velocity, and area of the blood vessels throughout a human circulatory system.   Which of the statement about the graph is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Curve 1 traces blood velocity, curve 2 traces blood pressure, and curve 3 traces blood vessel area. 
B)  Curve 3 represents total area. 
C)  The vessels represented on the left of the graph have many extracellular collagen and elastin fibers in their walls. 
D)  The vessels represented to the left of capillaries on the graph are referred to as resistance vessels. 
E)  Exchanges of nutrients, respiratory gases, and hormones occur where curve 3 is at its maximum point. 
A)  Curve 1 traces blood velocity, curve 2 traces blood pressure, and curve 3 traces blood vessel area. 
B)  Curve 3 represents total area. 
C)  The vessels represented on the left of the graph have many extracellular collagen and elastin fibers in their walls. 
D)  The vessels represented to the left of capillaries on the graph are referred to as resistance vessels. 
E)  Exchanges of nutrients, respiratory gases, and hormones occur where curve 3 is at its maximum point.

Question 14

In the circulatory system of water-breathing fishes, blood flows

Accepted Answer

A)  through arteries at relatively low pressure. 
B)  from the gills back to the heart for additional pumping. 
C)  from the sinus venosus into the ventricle. 
D)  through a double circuit. 
E)  from the atrium into the bulbus arteriosus. 
A)  through arteries at relatively low pressure. 
B)  from the gills back to the heart for additional pumping. 
C)  from the sinus venosus into the ventricle. 
D)  through a double circuit. 
E)  from the atrium into the bulbus arteriosus.

Question 15

Which is the correct order in which cardiac action potentials are conducted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His 
B)  Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers 
C)  Bundle of His, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers 
D)  Purkinje fibers, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His 
E)  Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His 
A)  Atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His 
B)  Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers 
C)  Bundle of His, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers 
D)  Purkinje fibers, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His 
E)  Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His

Question 16

Which of the following does not characterize the circulatory systems of birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are more blood vessels in the systemic circuit than in the pulmonary circuit. 
B)  The pulmonary and systemic circuits are entirely separate. 
C)  Higher pressures are required in the pulmonary circuit relative to the systemic circuit. 
D)  There is no mixing of blood high in oxygen with blood low in oxygen. 
E)  The systemic circuit always receives blood with the highest oxygen content. 
A)  There are more blood vessels in the systemic circuit than in the pulmonary circuit. 
B)  The pulmonary and systemic circuits are entirely separate. 
C)  Higher pressures are required in the pulmonary circuit relative to the systemic circuit. 
D)  There is no mixing of blood high in oxygen with blood low in oxygen. 
E)  The systemic circuit always receives blood with the highest oxygen content.

Question 17

What is the correct sequence of blood flow in the circulatory system of water-breathing fishes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrium, ventricle, gills, atrium, ventricle, aorta to organs and tissues 
B)  Bulbus arteriosus, ventricle, atrium, sinus venosus, gills, aorta to organs and tissues 
C)  Right atrium, right ventricle, gills, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta to organs and tissues 
D)  Sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, gills, aorta to organs and tissues 
E)  Sinus venosus, gills, atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, aorta to organs and tissues 
A)  Atrium, ventricle, gills, atrium, ventricle, aorta to organs and tissues 
B)  Bulbus arteriosus, ventricle, atrium, sinus venosus, gills, aorta to organs and tissues 
C)  Right atrium, right ventricle, gills, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta to organs and tissues 
D)  Sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, gills, aorta to organs and tissues 
E)  Sinus venosus, gills, atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, aorta to organs and tissues

Question 18

Refer to the figure, which shows the human heart.   Heart murmurs result when valves do not close completely.If the tricuspid valve did not close completely, blood would flow from which structure into which structure? Provide names and numbers.

Accepted Answer

Blood would flow fro

Question 19

Which of the following does not characterize the hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is also called packed-cell volume. 
B)  It is the percentage of blood volume made up of platelets. 
C)  It contains the red blood cells. 
D)  It is typically found in higher levels in people who live at high altitudes. 
E)  It can be obtained after centrifugation of a blood sample. 
A)  It is also called packed-cell volume. 
B)  It is the percentage of blood volume made up of platelets. 
C)  It contains the red blood cells. 
D)  It is typically found in higher levels in people who live at high altitudes. 
E)  It can be obtained after centrifugation of a blood sample.

Question 20

The cardiovascular control center is in the _______, and it receives information from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta 
B)  medulla 
C)  carotid arteries 
D)  right atrium 
E)  left ventricle 
A)  aorta 
B)  medulla 
C)  carotid arteries 
D)  right atrium 
E)  left ventricle

Exam 49: Circulatory Systems

In an animal with a closed circulatory system, the types of extracellular fluid found in the body include

In open circulatory systems of arthropods, fluid enters the _______ through holes called ostia.

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

Which of the following statements about the mammalian heart is not correct?

When compared with skeletal muscle fibers, ventricular muscle fibers

Which condition would not induce hyperemia?

Which group of vertebrates is phylogenetically oldest and retains the ancestral type of heart?

In humans under normal conditions, the bone marrow can produce about 2 million _______ every second.

Refer to the figure, which shows the mammalian circulatory system.The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow. The right atrium is indicated at which point (1-4)?

In humans, atrial septal defect is a heart defect present at birth in which blood flows between the right and left atria.This condition allows

Reptiles in which blood is shunted are characterized by all of the following except

In humans, which have a closed circulatory system, _______ makes up less than _______ percent of _______ fluid.

Refer to the graph, which shows blood pressure, blood velocity, and area of the blood vessels throughout a human circulatory system. Which of the statement about the graph is false?

In the circulatory system of water-breathing fishes, blood flows

Which is the correct order in which cardiac action potentials are conducted?

Which of the following does not characterize the circulatory systems of birds and mammals?

What is the correct sequence of blood flow in the circulatory system of water-breathing fishes?

Refer to the figure, which shows the human heart. Heart murmurs result when valves do not close completely.If the tricuspid valve did not close completely, blood would flow from which structure into which structure? Provide names and numbers.

Which of the following does not characterize the hematocrit?

The cardiovascular control center is in the _______, and it receives information from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

In humans, which have a closed circulatory system, ___ makes up less than _ percent of _____ fluid.