Question 1

To reconstruct the evolutionary history of species of birds, which type of genes should be considered in the analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthologs 
B)  Paralogs 
C)  Pseudogenes 
D)  Genes involved in lateral gene transfer 
E)  Genes with no sequence changes 
A)  Orthologs 
B)  Paralogs 
C)  Pseudogenes 
D)  Genes involved in lateral gene transfer 
E)  Genes with no sequence changes

Question 2

The combined globin genes in a single individual are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  retrotransposons. 
B)  a gene family. 
C)  a gene tree. 
D)  synonymous genes. 
E)  a genome. 
A)  retrotransposons. 
B)  a gene family. 
C)  a gene tree. 
D)  synonymous genes. 
E)  a genome.

Question 3

Refer to the table and sequences.   According to the genetic code, the nucleotide substitution in the highlighted position of sequence 2 is a _______ nucleotide substitution.

Accepted Answer

A)  nondeleterious 
B)  synonymous 
C)  silent 
D)  missense 
E)  nonsense 
A)  nondeleterious 
B)  synonymous 
C)  silent 
D)  missense 
E)  nonsense

Question 4

Why is much of the genetic variation observed between populations the result of neutral evolution?

Accepted Answer

At the molecular level, the majority of

Question 5

Refer to the figure.   Members of the JAK family of nonreceptor kinases are involved in signaling pathways.The four paralogs JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 are found in humans, mice, chickens, and fish, as shown in the phylogenetic tree.According to this phylogenetic gene tree, which gene is a paralog to jak2b?

Accepted Answer

A)  tyk2 
B)  jak1 
C)  jak2 
D)  jak2a 
E)  jak3 
A)  tyk2 
B)  jak1 
C)  jak2 
D)  jak2a 
E)  jak3

Question 6

Which evolutionary change would be most likely to require adding gaps in a sequence alignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A parallel substitution 
B)  A transversion 
C)  A transition 
D)  A reversion 
E)  An insertion 
A)  A parallel substitution 
B)  A transversion 
C)  A transition 
D)  A reversion 
E)  An insertion

Question 7

In the mammalian body, you would find the highest concentration of myoglobin in _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the mammalian body, you would find...

Question 8

Which statement about nonsynonymous substitutions is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They always affect the protein's shape and charge. 
B)  They occasionally confer a selective advantage on the organism. 
C)  The frequency of their occurrence is roughly the same among different genes. 
D)  They are unlikely to be influenced by natural selection. 
E)  In most genes, they occur more frequently than synonymous substitutions do. 
A)  They always affect the protein's shape and charge. 
B)  They occasionally confer a selective advantage on the organism. 
C)  The frequency of their occurrence is roughly the same among different genes. 
D)  They are unlikely to be influenced by natural selection. 
E)  In most genes, they occur more frequently than synonymous substitutions do.

Question 9

Orthologous genes are genes that can be traced back to a common _______ event.

Accepted Answer

A)  duplication 
B)  substitution 
C)  speciation 
D)  deletion 
E)  duplication and speciation 
A)  duplication 
B)  substitution 
C)  speciation 
D)  deletion 
E)  duplication and speciation

Question 10

Refer to the figure, which shows the process of in vitro evolution of a new RNA molecule.   The intended selection occurred

Accepted Answer

A)  at the stage of PCR amplification. 
B)  at the stage of reverse transcription. 
C)  during transcription to RNA. 
D)  because the experimenters chose the RNA molecules with the highest ligase activity. 
E)  because the experimenters chose the DNA molecules with the highest ligase activity. 
A)  at the stage of PCR amplification. 
B)  at the stage of reverse transcription. 
C)  during transcription to RNA. 
D)  because the experimenters chose the RNA molecules with the highest ligase activity. 
E)  because the experimenters chose the DNA molecules with the highest ligase activity.

Question 11

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin that operates by

Accepted Answer

A)  binding to hemoglobin. 
B)  binding to myoglobin. 
C)  blocking sodium channels. 
D)  inhibiting the engrailed protein. 
E)  causing mutations. 
A)  binding to hemoglobin. 
B)  binding to myoglobin. 
C)  blocking sodium channels. 
D)  inhibiting the engrailed protein. 
E)  causing mutations.

Question 12

Which list ranks the organisms correctly in terms of the expected total amount of coding DNA in their genomes (from least coding DNA to most coding DNA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterium, single-celled eukaryote, Drosophila, bird 
B)  Bacterium, Drosophila, bird, single-celled eukaryote 
C)  Single-celled eukaryote, bacterium, Drosophila, bird 
D)  Drosophila, single-celled eukaryote, bird, bacterium 
E)  Drosophila, bacterium, single-celled eukaryote, bird 
A)  Bacterium, single-celled eukaryote, Drosophila, bird 
B)  Bacterium, Drosophila, bird, single-celled eukaryote 
C)  Single-celled eukaryote, bacterium, Drosophila, bird 
D)  Drosophila, single-celled eukaryote, bird, bacterium 
E)  Drosophila, bacterium, single-celled eukaryote, bird

Exam 23: Evolution of Genes and Genomes

To reconstruct the evolutionary history of species of birds, which type of genes should be considered in the analysis?

The combined globin genes in a single individual are an example of

Refer to the table and sequences. According to the genetic code, the nucleotide substitution in the highlighted position of sequence 2 is a _______ nucleotide substitution.

Why is much of the genetic variation observed between populations the result of neutral evolution?

Which evolutionary change would be most likely to require adding gaps in a sequence alignment?

In the mammalian body, you would find the highest concentration of myoglobin in _______.

Which statement about nonsynonymous substitutions is true?

Orthologous genes are genes that can be traced back to a common _______ event.

Refer to the figure, which shows the process of in vitro evolution of a new RNA molecule. The intended selection occurred

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin that operates by

Which list ranks the organisms correctly in terms of the expected total amount of coding DNA in their genomes (from least coding DNA to most coding DNA)?

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

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Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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