Question 1

A muscle reaches its maximum force of contraction when it is at _______ percent of its resting length.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  60 
C)  80 
D)  100 
E)  125 or greater 
A)  40 
B)  60 
C)  80 
D)  100 
E)  125 or greater

Question 2

Refer to the figure showing sarcomeres of various lengths.   Which panel (A-C) best illustrates the state of the sarcomeres in your biceps muscle fibers during these phases of a pull-up: hanging full length from a pull-up bar; applying the maximum amount of force as you pull yourself up towards the bar; pulling yourself up the last few inches to reach the bar.

Accepted Answer

Hanging full length-

Question 3

The _______ is a highly specialized network of intracellular membranes that enables striated muscle cells to sequester and release calcium for muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

sarcoplasm

Question 4

Which statement about the human skeleton is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains just under 100 bones. 
B)  The upper jaw is the mandible, and the lower jaw is the maxilla. 
C)  Finger and toe bones are phalanges. 
D)  Ankle bones are carpals, and wrist bones are tarsals. 
E)  The upper arm and upper leg each contain two bones, and the lower arm and lower leg each contain one bone. 
A)  It contains just under 100 bones. 
B)  The upper jaw is the mandible, and the lower jaw is the maxilla. 
C)  Finger and toe bones are phalanges. 
D)  Ankle bones are carpals, and wrist bones are tarsals. 
E)  The upper arm and upper leg each contain two bones, and the lower arm and lower leg each contain one bone.

Question 5

Refer to the figure showing the leg muscles of two athletes.   Investigators studying the leg muscles of Usain Bolt, the Olympian recognized as the fastest sprinter in the world for his performance in the 100-meter dash, would likely find _______ muscle fibers, as shown in the panel on the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  abundant slow-twitch; left 
B)  hyper-efficient slow-twitch; left 
C)  atrophied (neglected) slow-twitch; left 
D)  abundant fast-twitch; right 
E)  atrophied (neglected) fast-twitch; right 
A)  abundant slow-twitch; left 
B)  hyper-efficient slow-twitch; left 
C)  atrophied (neglected) slow-twitch; left 
D)  abundant fast-twitch; right 
E)  atrophied (neglected) fast-twitch; right

Question 6

Cartilage bone, found in the _______, forms first as a _______ "model," which is later replaced by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  roof of the skull; cartilage; bone 
B)  appendages; cartilage; bone 
C)  roof of the skull; cartilage; cancellous bone 
D)  appendages; bone; cartilage 
E)  appendages; cancellous bone; compact bone 
A)  roof of the skull; cartilage; bone 
B)  appendages; cartilage; bone 
C)  roof of the skull; cartilage; cancellous bone 
D)  appendages; bone; cartilage 
E)  appendages; cancellous bone; compact bone

Question 7

Which is a feature of cardiac muscle that helps the heart withstand high pressures without tearing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Branching and intertwined fibers 
B)  Fibers arranged in parallel 
C)  A single nucleus possessed by each fiber 
D)  Gap junctions between fibers 
E)  The pacemaking functions of some fibers 
A)  Branching and intertwined fibers 
B)  Fibers arranged in parallel 
C)  A single nucleus possessed by each fiber 
D)  Gap junctions between fibers 
E)  The pacemaking functions of some fibers

Question 8

The human elbow consists of a _______ joint.

Accepted Answer

A)  ball-and-socket 
B)  pivot 
C)  hinge 
D)  saddle 
E)  plane 
A)  ball-and-socket 
B)  pivot 
C)  hinge 
D)  saddle 
E)  plane

Question 9

The type of joint that allows your head to rotate is a(n) _______ joint.

Accepted Answer

A)  ball-and-socket 
B)  pivot 
C)  saddle 
D)  ellipsoid 
E)  hinge 
A)  ball-and-socket 
B)  pivot 
C)  saddle 
D)  ellipsoid 
E)  hinge

Question 10

The resting potential of smooth muscle cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  not likely to fire action potentials. 
B)  affected by the stretching of the cells. 
C)  more negative than that of most cells. 
D)  unaffected by nearby potential change. 
E)  nearly zero. 
A)  not likely to fire action potentials. 
B)  affected by the stretching of the cells. 
C)  more negative than that of most cells. 
D)  unaffected by nearby potential change. 
E)  nearly zero.

Question 11

Salmon returning to spawn in their native stream undertake a journey that requires extreme endurance.An examination of the muscles used to perform this activity would reveal

Accepted Answer

A)  mostly smooth muscle fibers. 
B)  a high number of gap junctions. 
C)  mostly glycolytic fibers. 
D)  many mitochondria per cell. 
E)  pale color of the cells 
A)  mostly smooth muscle fibers. 
B)  a high number of gap junctions. 
C)  mostly glycolytic fibers. 
D)  many mitochondria per cell. 
E)  pale color of the cells

Question 12

The human ankle has which type of joint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ball-and-socket 
B)  Hinge 
C)  Pivot 
D)  Saddle and ellipsoid 
E)  Plane 
A)  Ball-and-socket 
B)  Hinge 
C)  Pivot 
D)  Saddle and ellipsoid 
E)  Plane

Question 13

Which muscle type(s) has/have a pacemaking function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth muscle only 
B)  Cardiac muscle only 
C)  Skeletal muscle only 
D)  Both smooth and cardiac muscle, but not skeletal muscle 
E)  Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle 
A)  Smooth muscle only 
B)  Cardiac muscle only 
C)  Skeletal muscle only 
D)  Both smooth and cardiac muscle, but not skeletal muscle 
E)  Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle

Question 14

Refer to the figure of sarcomeres.   When you bend your elbow to touch your cheek, the sarcomeres in your biceps muscle look most like the sarcomere in panel _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure of sarcomeres. ...

Question 15

Which feature distinguishes a smooth muscle cell from a skeletal muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth muscle cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells. 
B)  Most smooth muscle cells are branched, whereas skeletal muscle cells are unbranched. 
C)  There is a more regular array of actin and myosin filaments in smooth muscle than there is in skeletal muscle. 
D)  In smooth muscle, action potentials can spread from one cell to the next through gap junctions, whereas gap junctions do not occur between skeletal muscle cells. 
E)  Smooth muscle is primarily under voluntary control through the autonomic nervous system, whereas skeletal muscle is under involuntary control. 
A)  Smooth muscle cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells. 
B)  Most smooth muscle cells are branched, whereas skeletal muscle cells are unbranched. 
C)  There is a more regular array of actin and myosin filaments in smooth muscle than there is in skeletal muscle. 
D)  In smooth muscle, action potentials can spread from one cell to the next through gap junctions, whereas gap junctions do not occur between skeletal muscle cells. 
E)  Smooth muscle is primarily under voluntary control through the autonomic nervous system, whereas skeletal muscle is under involuntary control.

Question 16

Refer to the figure that shows world-record times for running events of different durations.Each colored band in the graph (labeled 1-3) corresponds to the time courses of the three energy systems that supply fuel to the muscles.   Band 2 corresponds to when _______ kicks in.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure that shows world-record...

Question 17

Which of the following is a benefit of the tough exoskeleton of arthropods that might help explain their tremendous evolutionary success?

Accepted Answer

A)  It protects against abrasion and provides attachment sites for muscles. 
B)  It is soft and therefore allows for evaporation of water through the cuticle. 
C)  It is made up of a bony, calcium phosphate material called chitin. 
D)  It is stiff and prevents bending at the animals' joints. 
E)  It expands to accommodate the growing animal. 
A)  It protects against abrasion and provides attachment sites for muscles. 
B)  It is soft and therefore allows for evaporation of water through the cuticle. 
C)  It is made up of a bony, calcium phosphate material called chitin. 
D)  It is stiff and prevents bending at the animals' joints. 
E)  It expands to accommodate the growing animal.

Question 18

What gives the long bones of our arms and legs their strength, and allows them to resist both compressional and bending forces?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their shaft is a tube of primarily compact bone. 
B)  Their extracellular matrix contains crystals of calcium carbonate. 
C)  Their extracellular matrix consists mostly of collagen and polysaccharides. 
D)  They have a high density of osteoclasts. 
E)  They consist of lightweight cancellous bone with an internal meshwork of supporting elements. 
A)  Their shaft is a tube of primarily compact bone. 
B)  Their extracellular matrix contains crystals of calcium carbonate. 
C)  Their extracellular matrix consists mostly of collagen and polysaccharides. 
D)  They have a high density of osteoclasts. 
E)  They consist of lightweight cancellous bone with an internal meshwork of supporting elements.

Question 19

Slow-twitch fibers

Accepted Answer

A)  are also called glycolytic muscle. 
B)  are also called white muscle. 
C)  are well supplied with mitochondria. 
D)  contain less myoglobin than fast-twitch fibers within the same muscle. 
E)  are found in lower proportion in the leg muscles than breast muscles of farmed chickens. 
A)  are also called glycolytic muscle. 
B)  are also called white muscle. 
C)  are well supplied with mitochondria. 
D)  contain less myoglobin than fast-twitch fibers within the same muscle. 
E)  are found in lower proportion in the leg muscles than breast muscles of farmed chickens.

Question 20

Shot-putters competing in track and field events rely on short, intense bursts of energy.An examination of the muscles used in this sport would reveal

Accepted Answer

A)  substantial fuel reserves. 
B)  low levels of ATPase activity. 
C)  an abundance of blood vessels. 
D)  relatively few mitochondria. 
E)  relatively high amounts of myoglobin. 
A)  substantial fuel reserves. 
B)  low levels of ATPase activity. 
C)  an abundance of blood vessels. 
D)  relatively few mitochondria. 
E)  relatively high amounts of myoglobin.

Exam 47: Musculoskeletal Systems

A muscle reaches its maximum force of contraction when it is at _______ percent of its resting length.

The _______ is a highly specialized network of intracellular membranes that enables striated muscle cells to sequester and release calcium for muscle contraction.

Which statement about the human skeleton is true?

Refer to the figure showing the leg muscles of two athletes. Investigators studying the leg muscles of Usain Bolt, the Olympian recognized as the fastest sprinter in the world for his performance in the 100-meter dash, would likely find _______ muscle fibers, as shown in the panel on the _______.

Cartilage bone, found in the _______, forms first as a _______ "model," which is later replaced by _______.

Which is a feature of cardiac muscle that helps the heart withstand high pressures without tearing?

The human elbow consists of a _______ joint.

The type of joint that allows your head to rotate is a(n) _______ joint.

The resting potential of smooth muscle cells is

Salmon returning to spawn in their native stream undertake a journey that requires extreme endurance.An examination of the muscles used to perform this activity would reveal

The human ankle has which type of joint?

Which muscle type(s) has/have a pacemaking function?

Refer to the figure of sarcomeres. When you bend your elbow to touch your cheek, the sarcomeres in your biceps muscle look most like the sarcomere in panel _______.

Which feature distinguishes a smooth muscle cell from a skeletal muscle cell?

Refer to the figure that shows world-record times for running events of different durations.Each colored band in the graph (labeled 1-3) corresponds to the time courses of the three energy systems that supply fuel to the muscles. Band 2 corresponds to when _______ kicks in.

Which of the following is a benefit of the tough exoskeleton of arthropods that might help explain their tremendous evolutionary success?

What gives the long bones of our arms and legs their strength, and allows them to resist both compressional and bending forces?

Slow-twitch fibers

Shot-putters competing in track and field events rely on short, intense bursts of energy.An examination of the muscles used in this sport would reveal

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Refer to the figure showing the leg muscles of two athletes. Investigators studying the leg muscles of Usain Bolt, the Olympian recognized as the fastest sprinter in the world for his performance in the 100-meter dash, would likely find _ muscle fibers, as shown in the panel on the _.

Cartilage bone, found in the ___, forms first as a _ "model," which is later replaced by _____.