Question 1

Which feature creates the striated appearance of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number of actin filaments in a myofibril 
B)  Pattern of overlap of actin and myosin filaments in a sarcomere 
C)  Number of myofibrils in a muscle cell 
D)  Arrangement of muscle fibers in a muscle 
E)  Number of actin filaments surrounding a myosin filament 
A)  Number of actin filaments in a myofibril 
B)  Pattern of overlap of actin and myosin filaments in a sarcomere 
C)  Number of myofibrils in a muscle cell 
D)  Arrangement of muscle fibers in a muscle 
E)  Number of actin filaments surrounding a myosin filament

Question 2

Bone that retains its strength despite being lightweight and having numerous cavities is called _______ bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  Haversian 
B)  cartilage 
C)  compact 
D)  osteoporotic 
E)  cancellous 
A)  Haversian 
B)  cartilage 
C)  compact 
D)  osteoporotic 
E)  cancellous

Question 3

Which statement about smooth muscle is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine decreases the likelihood of contraction of smooth muscle cells of the gut. 
B)  Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by the same troponin-tropomyosin mechanism as skeletal muscle. 
C)  Norepinephrine increases the likelihood of contraction of smooth muscle cells of the gut. 
D)  Action potentials, hormones, and stretching can cause an influx of calcium into the sarcoplasm of smooth muscles. 
E)  Norepinephrine causes smooth muscle cells of the arteries serving the gut to relax. 
A)  Acetylcholine decreases the likelihood of contraction of smooth muscle cells of the gut. 
B)  Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by the same troponin-tropomyosin mechanism as skeletal muscle. 
C)  Norepinephrine increases the likelihood of contraction of smooth muscle cells of the gut. 
D)  Action potentials, hormones, and stretching can cause an influx of calcium into the sarcoplasm of smooth muscles. 
E)  Norepinephrine causes smooth muscle cells of the arteries serving the gut to relax.

Question 4

When you lift your knee to stand on one leg, the bent knee joint has acted as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  load arm. 
B)  effort arm. 
C)  extensor. 
D)  fulcrum. 
E)  flexor. 
A)  load arm. 
B)  effort arm. 
C)  extensor. 
D)  fulcrum. 
E)  flexor.

Question 5

In humans, long bones begin as _______ bones.At maturity, the shaft of a long bone consists of a _______, which is primarily made up of _______ bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  membranous; cylinder; compact 
B)  membranous; solid rod; cancellous 
C)  cartilage; cylinder; compact 
D)  cartilage; cylinder; cancellous 
E)  cartilage; solid rod; compact 
A)  membranous; cylinder; compact 
B)  membranous; solid rod; cancellous 
C)  cartilage; cylinder; compact 
D)  cartilage; cylinder; cancellous 
E)  cartilage; solid rod; compact

Question 6

Migrating birds often cross the Gulf of Mexico in a single flight thus their flight muscles demand extreme endurance.An examination of the muscles used to perform this activity would reveal

Accepted Answer

A)  little to no myoglobin. 
B)  one-to-two nuclei per muscle fiber. 
C)  an abundance of blood vessels. 
D)  a high number of intercalated discs. 
E)  numerous gap junctions. 
A)  little to no myoglobin. 
B)  one-to-two nuclei per muscle fiber. 
C)  an abundance of blood vessels. 
D)  a high number of intercalated discs. 
E)  numerous gap junctions.

Question 7

Which statement about cartilage and bone is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some vertebrate skeletons are composed entirely of cartilage, with no bone. 
B)  Adult human skeletons are composed entirely of bone, with no cartilage. 
C)  Bone contains crystals of calcium carbonate, similar to the mineral component of a clam shell. 
D)  The bone matrix in many vertebrates serves as a reservoir of glycogen. 
E)  A principal extracellular fiber in cartilage is myosin. 
A)  Some vertebrate skeletons are composed entirely of cartilage, with no bone. 
B)  Adult human skeletons are composed entirely of bone, with no cartilage. 
C)  Bone contains crystals of calcium carbonate, similar to the mineral component of a clam shell. 
D)  The bone matrix in many vertebrates serves as a reservoir of glycogen. 
E)  A principal extracellular fiber in cartilage is myosin.

Question 8

Which statement about slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  One is smooth muscle and one is skeletal muscle. 
B)  They have different myosin variants because they express different genes for their myosin molecules. 
C)  One occurs only in mammals. 
D)  They typically have similar numbers of mitochondria per cell. 
E)  Those with low ATPase activity compensate by quickly recycling their actin-myosin bridges. 
A)  One is smooth muscle and one is skeletal muscle. 
B)  They have different myosin variants because they express different genes for their myosin molecules. 
C)  One occurs only in mammals. 
D)  They typically have similar numbers of mitochondria per cell. 
E)  Those with low ATPase activity compensate by quickly recycling their actin-myosin bridges.

Question 9

The amount of force a sarcomere can generate depends on its _______ length.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of force a sarcomere can...

Question 10

Which feature represents one similarity between fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers within a muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number of mitochondria 
B)  Amount of myoglobin 
C)  Amount of glycogen and fat 
D)  Number of neuromuscular junctions 
E)  Level of ATPase activity 
A)  Number of mitochondria 
B)  Amount of myoglobin 
C)  Amount of glycogen and fat 
D)  Number of neuromuscular junctions 
E)  Level of ATPase activity

Question 11

Gap junctions are made up of specific proteins called connexin.If _______ muscle cells were unable to make connexin, then _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal; the muscle fibers would be unable to contract 
B)  smooth; muscles of the gut would continue to work as usual 
C)  cardiac; the heart could not function normally 
D)  skeletal; one muscle fiber would still be able to transmit a contraction signal directly to a neighboring muscle fiber 
E)  smooth; one muscle fiber would still be able to transmit a contraction signal directly to a neighboring muscle fiber 
A)  skeletal; the muscle fibers would be unable to contract 
B)  smooth; muscles of the gut would continue to work as usual 
C)  cardiac; the heart could not function normally 
D)  skeletal; one muscle fiber would still be able to transmit a contraction signal directly to a neighboring muscle fiber 
E)  smooth; one muscle fiber would still be able to transmit a contraction signal directly to a neighboring muscle fiber

Question 12

Which statement about cartilage is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  During development in all vertebrates, embryonic cartilage is gradually replaced by bone. 
B)  It has an extracellular matrix primarily of fatty acids and carbohydrates. 
C)  Its matrix is secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes. 
D)  Fibrous collagen is found throughout the extracellular matrix. 
E)  Its matrix is soft so it is not found in places where stiffness and resiliency are required. 
A)  During development in all vertebrates, embryonic cartilage is gradually replaced by bone. 
B)  It has an extracellular matrix primarily of fatty acids and carbohydrates. 
C)  Its matrix is secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes. 
D)  Fibrous collagen is found throughout the extracellular matrix. 
E)  Its matrix is soft so it is not found in places where stiffness and resiliency are required.

Question 13

A major role of cartilage in the human skeleton is to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide stiffness and resiliency to the surface of joints. 
B)  provide a template for the bone that is laid down in the external ear (pinna). 
C)  provide a reservoir of calcium. 
D)  form most of the flat bones of the cranium. 
E)  be replaced by membranous bone. 
A)  provide stiffness and resiliency to the surface of joints. 
B)  provide a template for the bone that is laid down in the external ear (pinna). 
C)  provide a reservoir of calcium. 
D)  form most of the flat bones of the cranium. 
E)  be replaced by membranous bone.

Question 14

_______ results from the activity of a small number of constantly changing motor units in a given muscle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Summation 
B)  Muscle tone 
C)  Tetanus 
D)  A twitch 
E)  High muscle tension 
A)  Summation 
B)  Muscle tone 
C)  Tetanus 
D)  A twitch 
E)  High muscle tension

Question 15

Slow-twitch fibers are also called _______ muscle because they contain myoglobin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Slow-twitch fibers are also called _______ muscle...

Question 16

The flat frontal bone of your skull is a _______ bone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The flat frontal bone of your skull...

Question 17

An action potential spreading through the muscle fiber causes a minimal contraction known as a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An action potential spreading through the muscle...

Question 18

The knuckle joint at the end of your finger is a(n) _______ joint.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The knuckle joint at the end of...

Question 19

Which feature characterizes strength training?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases strength by increasing the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers 
B)  Enhances oxidative capacity 
C)  Increases size of muscles primarily by increasing the number of muscle fibers 
D)  Increases the amount of myoglobin in the fast-twitch fibers 
E)  Induces formation of new actin and myosin filaments in existing muscle fibers 
A)  Increases strength by increasing the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers 
B)  Enhances oxidative capacity 
C)  Increases size of muscles primarily by increasing the number of muscle fibers 
D)  Increases the amount of myoglobin in the fast-twitch fibers 
E)  Induces formation of new actin and myosin filaments in existing muscle fibers

Question 20

Which statement about skeletal muscle fibers is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fast-twitch fibers have greater capacity for oxidative metabolism than slow-twitch fibers do. 
B)  A single muscle can contain both slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers. 
C)  Slow-twitch fibers are white, and fast-twitch fibers are red. 
D)  Slow-twitch fibers can generate greater maximum tension than fast-twitch fibers. 
E)  Slow-twitch fibers fatigue more rapidly than do fast-twitch fibers. 
A)  Fast-twitch fibers have greater capacity for oxidative metabolism than slow-twitch fibers do. 
B)  A single muscle can contain both slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers. 
C)  Slow-twitch fibers are white, and fast-twitch fibers are red. 
D)  Slow-twitch fibers can generate greater maximum tension than fast-twitch fibers. 
E)  Slow-twitch fibers fatigue more rapidly than do fast-twitch fibers.

Exam 47: Musculoskeletal Systems

Which feature creates the striated appearance of skeletal muscles?

Bone that retains its strength despite being lightweight and having numerous cavities is called _______ bone.

Which statement about smooth muscle is true?

When you lift your knee to stand on one leg, the bent knee joint has acted as a(n)

In humans, long bones begin as _______ bones.At maturity, the shaft of a long bone consists of a _______, which is primarily made up of _______ bone.

Migrating birds often cross the Gulf of Mexico in a single flight thus their flight muscles demand extreme endurance.An examination of the muscles used to perform this activity would reveal

Which statement about cartilage and bone is true?

Which statement about slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles is true?

The amount of force a sarcomere can generate depends on its _______ length.

Which feature represents one similarity between fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers within a muscle?

Gap junctions are made up of specific proteins called connexin.If _______ muscle cells were unable to make connexin, then _______.

Which statement about cartilage is true?

A major role of cartilage in the human skeleton is to

_______ results from the activity of a small number of constantly changing motor units in a given muscle.

Slow-twitch fibers are also called _______ muscle because they contain myoglobin.

The flat frontal bone of your skull is a _______ bone.

An action potential spreading through the muscle fiber causes a minimal contraction known as a(n) _______.

The knuckle joint at the end of your finger is a(n) _______ joint.

Which feature characterizes strength training?

Which statement about skeletal muscle fibers is true?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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Filters

In humans, long bones begin as ___ bones.At maturity, the shaft of a long bone consists of a _, which is primarily made up of _____ bone.

Gap junctions are made up of specific proteins called connexin.If _ muscle cells were unable to make connexin, then _.