Question 1

Which statement about neuromuscular junctions is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found in skeletal muscle between sensory neurons and muscle cells. 
B)  A single motor neuron innervates more than one skeletal muscle cell. 
C)  An action potential at the junction ultimately causes the sarcolemma to hyperpolarize. 
D)  An action potential arriving at the junction causes the release of Ca2+ from the neuron terminal. 
E)  Axons from neurons terminate on each myofibril within the muscle cell. 
A)  They are found in skeletal muscle between sensory neurons and muscle cells. 
B)  A single motor neuron innervates more than one skeletal muscle cell. 
C)  An action potential at the junction ultimately causes the sarcolemma to hyperpolarize. 
D)  An action potential arriving at the junction causes the release of Ca2+ from the neuron terminal. 
E)  Axons from neurons terminate on each myofibril within the muscle cell.

Question 2

Which feature characterizes hydrostatic skeletons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Found primarily in vertebrates 
B)  Consist of a fluid-filled body cavity surrounded by a stiff cuticle 
C)  Require molting when the animal grows 
D)  Used by clams in locomotion 
E)  Contraction of one set of muscles causes the fluid-filled body cavity to bulge in the opposite direction. 
A)  Found primarily in vertebrates 
B)  Consist of a fluid-filled body cavity surrounded by a stiff cuticle 
C)  Require molting when the animal grows 
D)  Used by clams in locomotion 
E)  Contraction of one set of muscles causes the fluid-filled body cavity to bulge in the opposite direction.

Question 3

_______ lay down new bone, and _______ dissolve bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
B)  Osteocytes; osteoclasts 
C)  Osteoblasts; osteoclasts 
D)  Osteoblasts; osteocytes 
E)  Osteocytes; osteoblasts 
A)  Osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
B)  Osteocytes; osteoclasts 
C)  Osteoblasts; osteoclasts 
D)  Osteoblasts; osteocytes 
E)  Osteocytes; osteoblasts

Question 4

Refer to the figure showing a micrograph of bone.   In this section of compact bone, the cells located at A are called _______, and they _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes; communicate with other bone cells through cellular extensions that run through tiny channels 
B)  osteocytes; break down bone matrix 
C)  osteoblasts; communicate with other bone cells through cellular extensions that run through tiny channels 
D)  osteoclasts; communicate with other bone cells through cellular extensions that run through tiny channels 
E)  osteoclasts; break down bone matrix 
A)  osteocytes; communicate with other bone cells through cellular extensions that run through tiny channels 
B)  osteocytes; break down bone matrix 
C)  osteoblasts; communicate with other bone cells through cellular extensions that run through tiny channels 
D)  osteoclasts; communicate with other bone cells through cellular extensions that run through tiny channels 
E)  osteoclasts; break down bone matrix

Question 5

Refer to the figure showing the performance of different muscle fiber types in the leg muscles of an athlete.The lower panels show the proportion of muscle fiber types in these muscles.The colors of the fibers match the color of the lines in the graphs corresponding to that fiber type.   It is most likely that athlete represented by lower panel A can run _______ than the athlete represented by lower panel B.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing the performance...

Question 6

Which of the following would likely have the highest proportion of slow-twitch fibers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscles of the arm 
B)  Muscle controlling elevation of the eyelid 
C)  Postural muscles of the neck and spine 
D)  Muscles in the fingers 
E)  Muscles of the shoulder 
A)  Muscles of the arm 
B)  Muscle controlling elevation of the eyelid 
C)  Postural muscles of the neck and spine 
D)  Muscles in the fingers 
E)  Muscles of the shoulder

Question 7

Flexor and extensor muscles work _______ to operate a joint.

Accepted Answer

A)  synergistically 
B)  antagonistically 
C)  separately 
D)  consecutively 
E)  end-to-end 
A)  synergistically 
B)  antagonistically 
C)  separately 
D)  consecutively 
E)  end-to-end

Question 8

An individual sarcomere unit consists primarily of

Accepted Answer

A)  a stack of actin fibers, only. 
B)  a stack of myosin units, only. 
C)  overlapping actin and membrane. 
D)  overlapping myosin and membrane. 
E)  overlapping actin and myosin. 
A)  a stack of actin fibers, only. 
B)  a stack of myosin units, only. 
C)  overlapping actin and membrane. 
D)  overlapping myosin and membrane. 
E)  overlapping actin and myosin.

Question 9

The pages of a typical textbook move around the binding as if it were a _______ joint, like the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ball-and-socket; shoulder 
B)  pivot; elbow 
C)  hinge; knee 
D)  saddle; ankle 
E)  plane; ankle 
A)  ball-and-socket; shoulder 
B)  pivot; elbow 
C)  hinge; knee 
D)  saddle; ankle 
E)  plane; ankle

Question 10

The role of tendons is to join

Accepted Answer

A)  two bones. 
B)  two ligaments. 
C)  bone and ligament. 
D)  muscle and ligament. 
E)  muscle and bone. 
A)  two bones. 
B)  two ligaments. 
C)  bone and ligament. 
D)  muscle and ligament. 
E)  muscle and bone.

Question 11

Cells in _______ muscle tissue are joined by intercalated discs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells in _______ muscle tissue are joined...

Question 12

Which statement about bone is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Astronauts who spend long periods of time in zero gravity experience decalcification of their bones. 
B)  Osteoclasts are derived from the lineage of cells that produce osteocytes. 
C)  Most bones are made entirely of compact bone. 
D)  Once bones have finished growing, they remain the same shape and density until old age, when thinning of the matrix can occur. 
E)  Osteoclasts lay down bone in layers, creating compact bone. 
A)  Astronauts who spend long periods of time in zero gravity experience decalcification of their bones. 
B)  Osteoclasts are derived from the lineage of cells that produce osteocytes. 
C)  Most bones are made entirely of compact bone. 
D)  Once bones have finished growing, they remain the same shape and density until old age, when thinning of the matrix can occur. 
E)  Osteoclasts lay down bone in layers, creating compact bone.

Question 13

Which muscle type(s) has/have numerous nuclei per muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth muscle only 
B)  Cardiac muscle only 
C)  Skeletal muscle only 
D)  Both smooth and cardiac muscle, but not skeletal muscle 
E)  Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle 
A)  Smooth muscle only 
B)  Cardiac muscle only 
C)  Skeletal muscle only 
D)  Both smooth and cardiac muscle, but not skeletal muscle 
E)  Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle

Question 14

Refer to the figure showing the structure of a skeletal muscle.   When the woman in the figure extends her arms so they are hanging down at her sides, which structures will lengthen, which will shorten, and which will stay the same?

Accepted Answer

When the woman extends her arm, her bice

Question 15

Which statement about cardiac muscle cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DHP proteins are in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. 
B)  There is a physical connection between DHP and ryanodine receptors. 
C)  The T tubules are smaller than those of skeletal muscle cells. 
D)  Ryanodine receptors are ion-gated Na+ channels. 
E)  Extracellular Ca2+ flows into the cytoplasm through DHP channels and then opens calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  The DHP proteins are in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. 
B)  There is a physical connection between DHP and ryanodine receptors. 
C)  The T tubules are smaller than those of skeletal muscle cells. 
D)  Ryanodine receptors are ion-gated Na+ channels. 
E)  Extracellular Ca2+ flows into the cytoplasm through DHP channels and then opens calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 16

A mutation results in a developmental defect that stops the ionic current from flowing from cell to cell in cardiac muscle.Which structure(s) is/are most likely defective as a result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sarcomeres 
B)  Titin 
C)  Actin 
D)  Neuromuscular junctions 
E)  Gap junctions 
A)  Sarcomeres 
B)  Titin 
C)  Actin 
D)  Neuromuscular junctions 
E)  Gap junctions

Question 17

In which scenario do skeletal muscles pull on other skeletal muscles, rather than pulling on a skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person performing a chin-up 
B)  An elephant moving its trunk 
C)  A person turning her head from left to right 
D)  Muscle contractions being used to maintain posture 
E)  A lobster moving its legs 
A)  A person performing a chin-up 
B)  An elephant moving its trunk 
C)  A person turning her head from left to right 
D)  Muscle contractions being used to maintain posture 
E)  A lobster moving its legs

Question 18

Which event is not associated with the interaction between actin and myosin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A change in the myosin head conformation causes the head to bend. 
B)  ATP is formed by the interaction. 
C)  Myosin heads bind specific sites on actin, forming cross-bridges. 
D)  The actin filament moves relative to the myosin filament. 
E)  A change in the myosin head conformation releases actin. 
A)  A change in the myosin head conformation causes the head to bend. 
B)  ATP is formed by the interaction. 
C)  Myosin heads bind specific sites on actin, forming cross-bridges. 
D)  The actin filament moves relative to the myosin filament. 
E)  A change in the myosin head conformation releases actin.

Question 19

At a turkey dinner, you tell your host you would like to be served mostly fast-twitch muscle.To comply, your host serves you

Accepted Answer

A)  a drumstick. 
B)  a thigh. 
C)  the gizzard. 
D)  the heart. 
E)  a slice of breast meat. 
A)  a drumstick. 
B)  a thigh. 
C)  the gizzard. 
D)  the heart. 
E)  a slice of breast meat.

Question 20

Refer to the graphs comparing the amount of tension generated by slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers.   Graph _______ would most likely be associated with a sprinter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graphs comparing the amount...

Exam 47: Musculoskeletal Systems

Which statement about neuromuscular junctions is true?

Which feature characterizes hydrostatic skeletons?

_______ lay down new bone, and _______ dissolve bone.

Refer to the figure showing a micrograph of bone. In this section of compact bone, the cells located at A are called _______, and they _______.

Which of the following would likely have the highest proportion of slow-twitch fibers?

Flexor and extensor muscles work _______ to operate a joint.

An individual sarcomere unit consists primarily of

The pages of a typical textbook move around the binding as if it were a _______ joint, like the _______.

The role of tendons is to join

Cells in _______ muscle tissue are joined by intercalated discs.

Which statement about bone is true?

Which muscle type(s) has/have numerous nuclei per muscle cell?

Refer to the figure showing the structure of a skeletal muscle. When the woman in the figure extends her arms so they are hanging down at her sides, which structures will lengthen, which will shorten, and which will stay the same?

Which statement about cardiac muscle cells is true?

A mutation results in a developmental defect that stops the ionic current from flowing from cell to cell in cardiac muscle.Which structure(s) is/are most likely defective as a result of this mutation?

In which scenario do skeletal muscles pull on other skeletal muscles, rather than pulling on a skeleton?

Which event is not associated with the interaction between actin and myosin?

At a turkey dinner, you tell your host you would like to be served mostly fast-twitch muscle.To comply, your host serves you

Refer to the graphs comparing the amount of tension generated by slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers. Graph _______ would most likely be associated with a sprinter.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

_ lay down new bone, and _ dissolve bone.

Refer to the figure showing a micrograph of bone. In this section of compact bone, the cells located at A are called _, and they _.

The pages of a typical textbook move around the binding as if it were a _ joint, like the _.