Question 1

Chondrichthyans and ray-finned fishes both

Accepted Answer

A)  have swim bladders. 
B)  have skeletons made of bone. 
C)  have paired fins. 
D)  are found only in salt water. 
E)  are cyclostomes. 
A)  have swim bladders. 
B)  have skeletons made of bone. 
C)  have paired fins. 
D)  are found only in salt water. 
E)  are cyclostomes.

Question 2

In chordates, the _______ is composed of a core of large cells with turgid, fluid-filled vacuoles, which make it rigid but flexible.

Accepted Answer

A)  vertebral column 
B)  hollow dorsal nerve cord 
C)  segmented muscle 
D)  pharynx 
E)  notochord 
A)  vertebral column 
B)  hollow dorsal nerve cord 
C)  segmented muscle 
D)  pharynx 
E)  notochord

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of how an echinoderm uses its tube feet to feed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crinoids capture food particles in mucus secreted by the tube feet. 
B)  Brittle stars use their tube feet to scrape algae from rocks. 
C)  Sea stars filter phytoplankton from the water. 
D)  Sea urchins grasp and gradually exhaust the shell muscles of bivalves. 
E)  Sea cucumbers capture food with their posterior tube feet and pass it toward the mouth. 
A)  Crinoids capture food particles in mucus secreted by the tube feet. 
B)  Brittle stars use their tube feet to scrape algae from rocks. 
C)  Sea stars filter phytoplankton from the water. 
D)  Sea urchins grasp and gradually exhaust the shell muscles of bivalves. 
E)  Sea cucumbers capture food with their posterior tube feet and pass it toward the mouth.

Question 4

You are in a tropical forest and find an organism that has bony vertebrae and no legs.It lays eggs in moist patches and uses its skin for gaseous exchange.You have found a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  anuran. 
B)  caecilian. 
C)  salamander. 
D)  snake. 
E)  lizard. 
A)  anuran. 
B)  caecilian. 
C)  salamander. 
D)  snake. 
E)  lizard.

Question 5

Fossil evidence indicates that the earliest deuterostomes were bilaterally symmetrical, segmented animals with a pharynx that had slits through which water flowed.Adult echinoderms have pentaradial (five-radial) symmetry.Therefore,

Accepted Answer

A)  bilateral symmetry is a derived character in deuterostomes. 
B)  adult pentaradial symmetry is a derived character in echinoderms. 
C)  bilateral symmetry is a derived character in echinoderm larvae. 
D)  pentaradial symmetry has evolved multiple times in deuterostomes. 
E)  adult pentaradial symmetry is the ancestral condition in deuterostomes. 
A)  bilateral symmetry is a derived character in deuterostomes. 
B)  adult pentaradial symmetry is a derived character in echinoderms. 
C)  bilateral symmetry is a derived character in echinoderm larvae. 
D)  pentaradial symmetry has evolved multiple times in deuterostomes. 
E)  adult pentaradial symmetry is the ancestral condition in deuterostomes.

Question 6

Which structure is/are not part of the amniote egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extraembryonic membranes 
B)  Yolk 
C)  Shell 
D)  Bone 
E)  Chorion 
A)  Extraembryonic membranes 
B)  Yolk 
C)  Shell 
D)  Bone 
E)  Chorion

Question 7

In the not-too-distant past, the idea that birds were reptiles met with skepticism.Explain how fossils, morphology, and molecular evidence now support the position of birds among the reptiles.

Accepted Answer

Fossil remains of extinct theropod dinos

Question 8

Which of the following groups has a water vascular system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertebrates 
B)  Chordates 
C)  Cephalochordates 
D)  Echinoderms 
E)  Hemichordates 
A)  Vertebrates 
B)  Chordates 
C)  Cephalochordates 
D)  Echinoderms 
E)  Hemichordates

Question 9

Which group of organisms is associated with the evolutionary innovation of an operculum over the gill slits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphibians 
B)  Birds 
C)  Ray-finned fishes 
D)  Chondrichthyans 
E)  Reptiles 
A)  Amphibians 
B)  Birds 
C)  Ray-finned fishes 
D)  Chondrichthyans 
E)  Reptiles

Question 10

Refer to the figure showing an acorn worm (top) and pterobranchs (bottom).   Which statement regarding structure and function of body parts in the hemichordates shown is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pterobranchs live in a tube secreted by the proboscis. 
B)  In acorn worms, cilia convey mucus and its attached prey to the mouth. 
C)  In pterobranchs, tentacles from the collar capture small prey. 
D)  Acorn worms possess a proboscis and trunk but no collar. 
E)  Acorn worms breathe by pumping water into the mouth and out through the pharyngeal slits. 
A)  Pterobranchs live in a tube secreted by the proboscis. 
B)  In acorn worms, cilia convey mucus and its attached prey to the mouth. 
C)  In pterobranchs, tentacles from the collar capture small prey. 
D)  Acorn worms possess a proboscis and trunk but no collar. 
E)  Acorn worms breathe by pumping water into the mouth and out through the pharyngeal slits.

Question 11

The cartilaginous fishes control their movement with pairs of unjointed appendages called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cartilaginous fishes control their movement with...

Question 12

Vertebrates have a jointed dorsal _______, which replaced the notochord as their primary support.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vertebrates have a jointed dorsal _______, which...

Question 13

Lungfishes were important shallow-water predators during the Devonian period, but their diversity has declined significantly, most likely as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in atmospheric oxygen levels. 
B)  the evolution and radiation of tetrapods. 
C)  the loss of jaws with teeth. 
D)  the increase in predatory bony fish. 
E)  an increase in freshwater habitats. 
A)  a decrease in atmospheric oxygen levels. 
B)  the evolution and radiation of tetrapods. 
C)  the loss of jaws with teeth. 
D)  the increase in predatory bony fish. 
E)  an increase in freshwater habitats.

Question 14

Amphibians are dependent on water and moist environments for their life cycle.Which stages require an aquatic environment, and why is such an environment necessary? Do any amphibians have strategies that allow them to avoid the aquatic stage? If so, describe them.

Accepted Answer

Amphibians generally require an aquatic

Question 15

What advantage did the evolution of a swim bladder provide to aquatic gnathostomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allowed them to increase food intake and grow larger. 
B)  It provided a mechanism for viviparity. 
C)  It allowed them to suspend themselves at a fixed depth in the water column. 
D)  It served as a propulsion mechanism for escaping predators. 
E)  It provided support for movement onto land. 
A)  It allowed them to increase food intake and grow larger. 
B)  It provided a mechanism for viviparity. 
C)  It allowed them to suspend themselves at a fixed depth in the water column. 
D)  It served as a propulsion mechanism for escaping predators. 
E)  It provided support for movement onto land.

Question 16

How do hemichordates and echinoderms differ in the way they feed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemichordates capture food with tube feet and transport it to the mouth; echinoderms are filter feeders. 
B)  Hemichordates capture prey with the large proboscis; many echinoderms capture prey with tube feet. 
C)  Hemichordates are predatory; echinoderms are all filter feeders. 
D)  Hemichordates evert their stomach to digest prey; echinoderms digest prey internally. 
E)  Hemichordates are active predators; echinoderms burrow into sediments and wait for prey. 
A)  Hemichordates capture food with tube feet and transport it to the mouth; echinoderms are filter feeders. 
B)  Hemichordates capture prey with the large proboscis; many echinoderms capture prey with tube feet. 
C)  Hemichordates are predatory; echinoderms are all filter feeders. 
D)  Hemichordates evert their stomach to digest prey; echinoderms digest prey internally. 
E)  Hemichordates are active predators; echinoderms burrow into sediments and wait for prey.

Question 17

The term "cyclostome" means "circle mouth." The term "agnathan" refers to jawless fishes.According to this information, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lampreys are agnathans, but hagfishes are not. 
B)  Agnathans include lampreys and hagfishes. 
C)  Lampreys are cyclostomes; agnathans are not. 
D)  Hagfishes are agnathans, but not cyclostomes. 
E)  Lampreys are cyclostomes; agnathans are gnathostomes. 
A)  Lampreys are agnathans, but hagfishes are not. 
B)  Agnathans include lampreys and hagfishes. 
C)  Lampreys are cyclostomes; agnathans are not. 
D)  Hagfishes are agnathans, but not cyclostomes. 
E)  Lampreys are cyclostomes; agnathans are gnathostomes.

Question 18

The living species Latimeria chalumnae belongs to a group that is an important link in evolution because it was the first group of

Accepted Answer

A)  fishes with muscular fins. 
B)  fishes with paired fins. 
C)  fishes with lungs. 
D)  bony fishes. 
E)  fishes with cartilage. 
A)  fishes with muscular fins. 
B)  fishes with paired fins. 
C)  fishes with lungs. 
D)  bony fishes. 
E)  fishes with cartilage.

Question 19

As deuterostomes, chordates possess pharyngeal slits at some stage of development.Which of the following chordates presents an example of why caution is needed when phylogenetic relationships are assessed using only adult structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tunicate 
B)  Larval amphibian 
C)  Acorn worm 
D)  Frog 
E)  Shark 
A)  Tunicate 
B)  Larval amphibian 
C)  Acorn worm 
D)  Frog 
E)  Shark

Question 20

Large, active predators, such as sharks, owe their success, in part, to possession of a _______, which supports an internal skeleton and an extensive muscular system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large, active predators, such as sharks, owe...

Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

Chondrichthyans and ray-finned fishes both

In chordates, the _______ is composed of a core of large cells with turgid, fluid-filled vacuoles, which make it rigid but flexible.

Which of the following is an example of how an echinoderm uses its tube feet to feed?

You are in a tropical forest and find an organism that has bony vertebrae and no legs.It lays eggs in moist patches and uses its skin for gaseous exchange.You have found a(n)

Fossil evidence indicates that the earliest deuterostomes were bilaterally symmetrical, segmented animals with a pharynx that had slits through which water flowed.Adult echinoderms have pentaradial (five-radial) symmetry.Therefore,

Which structure is/are not part of the amniote egg?

In the not-too-distant past, the idea that birds were reptiles met with skepticism.Explain how fossils, morphology, and molecular evidence now support the position of birds among the reptiles.

Which of the following groups has a water vascular system?

Which group of organisms is associated with the evolutionary innovation of an operculum over the gill slits?

Refer to the figure showing an acorn worm (top) and pterobranchs (bottom). Which statement regarding structure and function of body parts in the hemichordates shown is false?

The cartilaginous fishes control their movement with pairs of unjointed appendages called _______.

Vertebrates have a jointed dorsal _______, which replaced the notochord as their primary support.

Lungfishes were important shallow-water predators during the Devonian period, but their diversity has declined significantly, most likely as a result of

Amphibians are dependent on water and moist environments for their life cycle.Which stages require an aquatic environment, and why is such an environment necessary? Do any amphibians have strategies that allow them to avoid the aquatic stage? If so, describe them.

What advantage did the evolution of a swim bladder provide to aquatic gnathostomes?

How do hemichordates and echinoderms differ in the way they feed?

The term "cyclostome" means "circle mouth." The term "agnathan" refers to jawless fishes.According to this information, which of the following is true?

The living species Latimeria chalumnae belongs to a group that is an important link in evolution because it was the first group of

As deuterostomes, chordates possess pharyngeal slits at some stage of development.Which of the following chordates presents an example of why caution is needed when phylogenetic relationships are assessed using only adult structures?

Large, active predators, such as sharks, owe their success, in part, to possession of a _______, which supports an internal skeleton and an extensive muscular system.

Studying Life

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Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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