Question 1

Refer to the figure.   Which statement about the lungfish (shown) is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can survive in mud in an inactive state by breathing air. 
B)  It exchanges gases only through gills. 
C)  Its gills are modified lunglike sacs. 
D)  It is primarily terrestrial but is able to move into aquatic habitats. 
E)  It possess a swim bladder and lunglike sacs. 
A)  It can survive in mud in an inactive state by breathing air. 
B)  It exchanges gases only through gills. 
C)  Its gills are modified lunglike sacs. 
D)  It is primarily terrestrial but is able to move into aquatic habitats. 
E)  It possess a swim bladder and lunglike sacs.

Question 2

Amphibians are especially vulnerable to environmental change because

Accepted Answer

A)  they live in isolated habitats found only in tropical regions. 
B)  they require moist environments for gas exchange and reproduction. 
C)  they have direct development and do not move from the habitat in which they hatch. 
D)  their loud mating calls make them vulnerable to predators. 
E)  they are not endothermic and thus are more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations than other vertebrates. 
A)  they live in isolated habitats found only in tropical regions. 
B)  they require moist environments for gas exchange and reproduction. 
C)  they have direct development and do not move from the habitat in which they hatch. 
D)  their loud mating calls make them vulnerable to predators. 
E)  they are not endothermic and thus are more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations than other vertebrates.

Question 3

The evolutionary lineage leading to birds is placed within the more inclusive monophyletic group of the _______, which also includes the ornithischians and sauropods.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The evolutionary lineage leading to birds is...

Question 4

What evolutionary modification found in early modern humans made possible the remarkable paintings of mammals in European caves during the last glacial period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binocular vision 
B)  Bipedal stance 
C)  Expanded mental capacities 
D)  A grasping hand 
E)  Decreased or absent body hair 
A)  Binocular vision 
B)  Bipedal stance 
C)  Expanded mental capacities 
D)  A grasping hand 
E)  Decreased or absent body hair

Question 5

Which of the following about modern echinoderms is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All have a water vascular system. 
B)  Most are crinoids. 
C)  Most have arms. 
D)  Most have an external skeleton. 
E)  All use tube feet for mobility. 
A)  All have a water vascular system. 
B)  Most are crinoids. 
C)  Most have arms. 
D)  Most have an external skeleton. 
E)  All use tube feet for mobility.

Question 6

The famous fossil "Lucy" was the skeleton of a young female found Ethiopia in 1974.Lucy was approximately 3.5 million years old and a specimen of

Accepted Answer

A)  Paranthropus robustus. 
B)  Australopithecus afarensis. 
C)  Homo habilis. 
D)  Homo erectus. 
E)  Homo neanderthalensis. 
A)  Paranthropus robustus. 
B)  Australopithecus afarensis. 
C)  Homo habilis. 
D)  Homo erectus. 
E)  Homo neanderthalensis.

Question 7

Which group of organisms evolved with terrestrial limbs and digits (fingers and toes) in place of fins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphibians 
B)  Birds 
C)  Ray-finned fishes 
D)  Chondrichthyans 
E)  Reptiles 
A)  Amphibians 
B)  Birds 
C)  Ray-finned fishes 
D)  Chondrichthyans 
E)  Reptiles

Question 8

Hagfishes differ from lampreys in that

Accepted Answer

A)  lampreys are cyclostomes, and hagfishes are not. 
B)  hagfishes undergo complete metamorphosis, and lampreys do not. 
C)  hagfishes have a complete skull, and lampreys do not. 
D)  hagfishes are marine, while lampreys are anadromous or freshwater species. 
E)  hagfishes are parasitic, while lampreys are predatory or feed on dead organisms. 
A)  lampreys are cyclostomes, and hagfishes are not. 
B)  hagfishes undergo complete metamorphosis, and lampreys do not. 
C)  hagfishes have a complete skull, and lampreys do not. 
D)  hagfishes are marine, while lampreys are anadromous or freshwater species. 
E)  hagfishes are parasitic, while lampreys are predatory or feed on dead organisms.

Question 9

During the Devonian, the partly terrestrial _______ arose from an ancestor shared with lungfishes that had enlarged, muscular pectoral and pelvic fins, each jointed to the body by a single enlarged bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  coelacanths 
B)  hagfishes 
C)  reptiles 
D)  amphibians 
E)  chondrichthyans 
A)  coelacanths 
B)  hagfishes 
C)  reptiles 
D)  amphibians 
E)  chondrichthyans

Question 10

Which of the following statements about Archaeopteryx and modern birds is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unlike Archaeopteryx, modern birds lack teeth. 
B)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx had a long tail. 
C)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx had clawed fingers on its forearms. 
D)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx lacked true feathers. 
E)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx had a furcula to which flight muscles may have been attached. 
A)  Unlike Archaeopteryx, modern birds lack teeth. 
B)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx had a long tail. 
C)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx had clawed fingers on its forearms. 
D)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx lacked true feathers. 
E)  Unlike modern birds, Archaeopteryx had a furcula to which flight muscles may have been attached.

Question 11

Refer to the figure.   Which characteristic is shared by all the animals shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharyngeal slits 
B)  Internal skeleton 
C)  Blastopore that develops into the anus 
D)  Ciliated larva 
E)  Water vascular system 
A)  Pharyngeal slits 
B)  Internal skeleton 
C)  Blastopore that develops into the anus 
D)  Ciliated larva 
E)  Water vascular system

Question 12

The caecilian body form is best adapted to

Accepted Answer

A)  crawling over rocks. 
B)  gliding from tree to tree. 
C)  climbing vegetation. 
D)  burrowing in soil. 
E)  swimming in deep water. 
A)  crawling over rocks. 
B)  gliding from tree to tree. 
C)  climbing vegetation. 
D)  burrowing in soil. 
E)  swimming in deep water.

Question 13

Lepidosaur scales

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the surface area of the skin available for gas exchange. 
B)  greatly reduce water loss from the body surface. 
C)  increase the speed at which the animal can move. 
D)  increase the vulnerability of the animal to predators. 
E)  allow the animal to survive long periods submerged in aquatic habitats. 
A)  increase the surface area of the skin available for gas exchange. 
B)  greatly reduce water loss from the body surface. 
C)  increase the speed at which the animal can move. 
D)  increase the vulnerability of the animal to predators. 
E)  allow the animal to survive long periods submerged in aquatic habitats.

Question 14

Which of the following about radial cleavage is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is exclusive to the protostomes. 
B)  It is exclusive to the deuterostomes. 
C)  It is exclusive to the ecdysozoans. 
D)  It is the ancestral condition for the bilaterians. 
E)  Most mollusks have radial cleavage. 
A)  It is exclusive to the protostomes. 
B)  It is exclusive to the deuterostomes. 
C)  It is exclusive to the ecdysozoans. 
D)  It is the ancestral condition for the bilaterians. 
E)  Most mollusks have radial cleavage.

Question 15

Which trait is an example of neoteny (retention of juvenile traits)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Legless adaptations of caecilians 
B)  Aquatic adaptations of salamanders 
C)  Legless condition of snakes 
D)  Loss of the tail in frogs 
E)  Loss of lungs in salamanders 
A)  Legless adaptations of caecilians 
B)  Aquatic adaptations of salamanders 
C)  Legless condition of snakes 
D)  Loss of the tail in frogs 
E)  Loss of lungs in salamanders

Question 16

Refer to the figure.   Based on the figure, the sister group of tunicates are the

Accepted Answer

A)  lancelets. 
B)  vertebrates. 
C)  hemichordates. 
D)  echinoderms. 
E)  hemichordates and lancelets. 
A)  lancelets. 
B)  vertebrates. 
C)  hemichordates. 
D)  echinoderms. 
E)  hemichordates and lancelets.

Question 17

Which statement about marsupial mammals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the only egg-laying mammals. 
B)  Their mammary glands have no nipples. 
C)  They have no placenta. 
D)  Gestation is short, and the young complete development outside the uterus in a special pouch. 
E)  They are found only in Australia. 
A)  They are the only egg-laying mammals. 
B)  Their mammary glands have no nipples. 
C)  They have no placenta. 
D)  Gestation is short, and the young complete development outside the uterus in a special pouch. 
E)  They are found only in Australia.

Question 18

Characteristic stone tools found in many parts of Africa and Asia most likely came from _______, likely the first hominid ancestor to leave Africa.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Characteristic stone tools found in many parts...

Question 19

Which feeding structure is found in hemichordates but not echinoderms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tube feet 
B)  Muscular pharynx 
C)  Mouth 
D)  Stomach 
E)  Esophagus 
A)  Tube feet 
B)  Muscular pharynx 
C)  Mouth 
D)  Stomach 
E)  Esophagus

Question 20

Which of the following is not a derived trait of chordates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tail that extends beyond the anus 
B)  Notochord 
C)  Dorsal hollow nerve chord 
D)  Pharyngeal slits 
E)  Internal calcified skeleton 
A)  Tail that extends beyond the anus 
B)  Notochord 
C)  Dorsal hollow nerve chord 
D)  Pharyngeal slits 
E)  Internal calcified skeleton

Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

Refer to the figure. Which statement about the lungfish (shown) is true?

Amphibians are especially vulnerable to environmental change because

The evolutionary lineage leading to birds is placed within the more inclusive monophyletic group of the _______, which also includes the ornithischians and sauropods.

What evolutionary modification found in early modern humans made possible the remarkable paintings of mammals in European caves during the last glacial period?

Which of the following about modern echinoderms is true?

The famous fossil "Lucy" was the skeleton of a young female found Ethiopia in 1974.Lucy was approximately 3.5 million years old and a specimen of

Which group of organisms evolved with terrestrial limbs and digits (fingers and toes) in place of fins?

Hagfishes differ from lampreys in that

During the Devonian, the partly terrestrial _______ arose from an ancestor shared with lungfishes that had enlarged, muscular pectoral and pelvic fins, each jointed to the body by a single enlarged bone.

Which of the following statements about Archaeopteryx and modern birds is false?

Refer to the figure. Which characteristic is shared by all the animals shown in the figure?

The caecilian body form is best adapted to

Lepidosaur scales

Which of the following about radial cleavage is true?

Which trait is an example of neoteny (retention of juvenile traits)?

Refer to the figure. Based on the figure, the sister group of tunicates are the

Which statement about marsupial mammals is true?

Characteristic stone tools found in many parts of Africa and Asia most likely came from _______, likely the first hominid ancestor to leave Africa.

Which feeding structure is found in hemichordates but not echinoderms?

Which of the following is not a derived trait of chordates?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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