Question 1

Refer to the figure.   Which animal shown in the figure has an anterior-posterior rather than an oral-aboral orientation of the mouth and anus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feather star (Comanthina schlegeli) 
B)  Sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) 
C)  Sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) 
D)  Sea star (Marthasterias glacialis) 
E)  Brittle star (Ophiarachna incrassata) 
A)  Feather star (Comanthina schlegeli) 
B)  Sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) 
C)  Sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) 
D)  Sea star (Marthasterias glacialis) 
E)  Brittle star (Ophiarachna incrassata)

Question 2

Hemichordates differ from echinoderms in that

Accepted Answer

A)  echinoderms have a bilaterally symmetric stage; hemichordates do not. 
B)  hemichordates have bodies composed of three parts: proboscis, collar, and trunk; echinoderms do not. 
C)  adult echinoderms have a head; hemichordates do not. 
D)  adult echinoderms have an anterior-posterior body plan; hemichordates do not. 
E)  adult hemichordates have radial symmetry; hemichordates do not. 
A)  echinoderms have a bilaterally symmetric stage; hemichordates do not. 
B)  hemichordates have bodies composed of three parts: proboscis, collar, and trunk; echinoderms do not. 
C)  adult echinoderms have a head; hemichordates do not. 
D)  adult echinoderms have an anterior-posterior body plan; hemichordates do not. 
E)  adult hemichordates have radial symmetry; hemichordates do not.

Question 3

Refer to the figure.   From the figure, what can you conclude about the relationship between Homo erectus and H.sapiens?

Accepted Answer

A)  They simultaneously evolved in, and expanded out of, Africa. 
B)  There is no overlap in their presence in the fossil record. 
C)  They both have H. habilis as a common ancestor. 
D)  They share a common ancestor. 
E)  They both evolved from Australopithecus africanus. 
A)  They simultaneously evolved in, and expanded out of, Africa. 
B)  There is no overlap in their presence in the fossil record. 
C)  They both have H. habilis as a common ancestor. 
D)  They share a common ancestor. 
E)  They both evolved from Australopithecus africanus.

Question 4

Part of the extraordinary success of the reptiles can be attributed to the evolution of the _______, which made embryonic development outside of water possible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Part of the extraordinary success of the...

Question 5

Which of the following was not a change that accompanied the transition from the australopithecines to Homo habilis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in brain size 
B)  Change in diet 
C)  Increase in body size 
D)  Use of tools 
E)  Dispersal of populations to Europe and Asia 
A)  Increase in brain size 
B)  Change in diet 
C)  Increase in body size 
D)  Use of tools 
E)  Dispersal of populations to Europe and Asia

Question 6

The rattlesnake, fence lizard, some caecilians, and eutherian mammals are all _______ when it comes to reproduction, but not all of them belong members of the group called _______.

Accepted Answer

viviparous

Question 7

A _______ that develops from mesodermal pockets that bud off from the cavity of the gastrula is a characteristic of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  coelom; protostomes 
B)  gastrovascular cavity; deuterostomes 
C)  coelom; deuterostomes 
D)  gastrovascular cavity; protostomes 
E)  gastrovascular cavity; mollusks 
A)  coelom; protostomes 
B)  gastrovascular cavity; deuterostomes 
C)  coelom; deuterostomes 
D)  gastrovascular cavity; protostomes 
E)  gastrovascular cavity; mollusks

Question 8

Which of the following was an adaptation in lobe-finned vertebrates that was instrumental in the transition to life on land and therefore important in the evolution of the amphibians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jointed fins with strong muscular support 
B)  Flattened scales 
C)  Jaws with teeth 
D)  Cartilage skeleton 
E)  Notochord 
A)  Jointed fins with strong muscular support 
B)  Flattened scales 
C)  Jaws with teeth 
D)  Cartilage skeleton 
E)  Notochord

Question 9

In _______, the coelom arises from _______ and the _______ arises from the blastopore.

Accepted Answer

A)  protostomes; a splitting of the mesoderm; anus 
B)  deuterostomes; a splitting of the mesoderm; mouth 
C)  protostomes; mesodermal outpocketing; anus 
D)  deuterostomes; mesodermal outpocketing; mouth 
E)  deuterostomes; mesodermal outpocketing; anus 
A)  protostomes; a splitting of the mesoderm; anus 
B)  deuterostomes; a splitting of the mesoderm; mouth 
C)  protostomes; mesodermal outpocketing; anus 
D)  deuterostomes; mesodermal outpocketing; mouth 
E)  deuterostomes; mesodermal outpocketing; anus

Question 10

Which of the following is not a characteristic of deuterostomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radial cleavage 
B)  Three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm 
C)  A blastopore that becomes the anus 
D)  Having a greater number of species than the protostomes 
E)  Well-developed coelomic body cavities in most species 
A)  Radial cleavage 
B)  Three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm 
C)  A blastopore that becomes the anus 
D)  Having a greater number of species than the protostomes 
E)  Well-developed coelomic body cavities in most species

Question 11

Which characteristic is not unique to mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Milk production 
B)  The presence of hair 
C)  Highly differentiated teeth 
D)  The presence of sweat glands 
E)  Complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood 
A)  Milk production 
B)  The presence of hair 
C)  Highly differentiated teeth 
D)  The presence of sweat glands 
E)  Complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 12

Refer to the figure.   The figure illustrates the vertebrate body plan.Which of the following is not a feature of all vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skull with a dorsal brain and spinal cord 
B)  Internal skeleton 
C)  Jaws with teeth for processing food 
D)  Internal organs suspended in a coelom 
E)  Well-developed circulatory system, with a ventral heart 
A)  Skull with a dorsal brain and spinal cord 
B)  Internal skeleton 
C)  Jaws with teeth for processing food 
D)  Internal organs suspended in a coelom 
E)  Well-developed circulatory system, with a ventral heart

Question 13

Refer to the figure.   What modification in jaw structure has occurred in modern jawed fishes that was not present in early jawed fishes?

Accepted Answer

A)  A set of gill arches has been modified into supports for the jaws. 
B)  Jaws have been modified to form gill arches. 
C)  The anterior part of the skull has been modified to form jaws. 
D)  Teeth have formed from posterior gill arches. 
E)  Pectoral flaps have been modified into early jaws. 
A)  A set of gill arches has been modified into supports for the jaws. 
B)  Jaws have been modified to form gill arches. 
C)  The anterior part of the skull has been modified to form jaws. 
D)  Teeth have formed from posterior gill arches. 
E)  Pectoral flaps have been modified into early jaws.

Question 14

Lampreys can be distinguished from the hagfishes by

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of an enclosed brain case. 
B)  their distinct bony vertebrae. 
C)  their direct development. 
D)  their jaws with teeth. 
E)  their eel-like body form. 
A)  the presence of an enclosed brain case. 
B)  their distinct bony vertebrae. 
C)  their direct development. 
D)  their jaws with teeth. 
E)  their eel-like body form.

Question 15

_______ propel themselves by means of vertical undulating movements of their greatly enlarged pectoral fins.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sharks 
B)  Lampreys 
C)  Bony fishes 
D)  Skates and rays 
E)  Hagfishes 
A)  Sharks 
B)  Lampreys 
C)  Bony fishes 
D)  Skates and rays 
E)  Hagfishes

Question 16

Which of the following is a major trait distinguishing the primates from other mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grasping hands with opposable digits 
B)  Social hunting behavior 
C)  Internal fertilization of the egg 
D)  Eyes on the front of the face that provide good depth perception 
E)  Unique morphology of the teeth 
A)  Grasping hands with opposable digits 
B)  Social hunting behavior 
C)  Internal fertilization of the egg 
D)  Eyes on the front of the face that provide good depth perception 
E)  Unique morphology of the teeth

Question 17

Refer to the figure showing a phylogenetic tree of hominins.   According to the figure, Homo habilis is least likely to have been alive at the same time as

Accepted Answer

A)  Paranthropus robustus. 
B)  Homo erectus. 
C)  Australopithecus africanus. 
D)  Homo neanderthalensis. 
E)  Australopithecus afarensis. 
A)  Paranthropus robustus. 
B)  Homo erectus. 
C)  Australopithecus africanus. 
D)  Homo neanderthalensis. 
E)  Australopithecus afarensis.

Question 18

Most of the major groups of mammals arose at the end of the Cretaceous period.This most likely occurred because

Accepted Answer

A)  hair allowed mammals to exploit colder habitats of a changing climate. 
B)  differentiation of teeth in mammals allowed them to exploit varied diets. 
C)  the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs opened niches, allowing mammals to diversify. 
D)  development of a marsupium allowed mammals to easily migrate with their young. 
E)  increased oxygen levels allowed mammals to become very large. 
A)  hair allowed mammals to exploit colder habitats of a changing climate. 
B)  differentiation of teeth in mammals allowed them to exploit varied diets. 
C)  the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs opened niches, allowing mammals to diversify. 
D)  development of a marsupium allowed mammals to easily migrate with their young. 
E)  increased oxygen levels allowed mammals to become very large.

Question 19

Frogs are unique among the vertebrates because they possess, at some stage of development,

Accepted Answer

A)  a notochord. 
B)  a dorsal, hollow nerve chord. 
C)  pharyngeal slits. 
D)  a short vertebral column and modified pelvic region. 
E)  a post-anal tail. 
A)  a notochord. 
B)  a dorsal, hollow nerve chord. 
C)  pharyngeal slits. 
D)  a short vertebral column and modified pelvic region. 
E)  a post-anal tail.

Question 20

The archosaur clade of reptiles includes crocodiles, birds, and the extinct dinosaurs and pterosaurs.What evidence suggests that some extinct theropods may be endothermic?

Accepted Answer

Modern birds are endothermic. The fossil

Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

Refer to the figure. Which animal shown in the figure has an anterior-posterior rather than an oral-aboral orientation of the mouth and anus?

Hemichordates differ from echinoderms in that

Refer to the figure. From the figure, what can you conclude about the relationship between Homo erectus and H.sapiens?

Part of the extraordinary success of the reptiles can be attributed to the evolution of the _______, which made embryonic development outside of water possible.

Which of the following was not a change that accompanied the transition from the australopithecines to Homo habilis?

The rattlesnake, fence lizard, some caecilians, and eutherian mammals are all _______ when it comes to reproduction, but not all of them belong members of the group called _______.

A _______ that develops from mesodermal pockets that bud off from the cavity of the gastrula is a characteristic of _______.

Which of the following was an adaptation in lobe-finned vertebrates that was instrumental in the transition to life on land and therefore important in the evolution of the amphibians?

In _______, the coelom arises from _______ and the _______ arises from the blastopore.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of deuterostomes?

Which characteristic is not unique to mammals?

Refer to the figure. The figure illustrates the vertebrate body plan.Which of the following is not a feature of all vertebrates?

Refer to the figure. What modification in jaw structure has occurred in modern jawed fishes that was not present in early jawed fishes?

Lampreys can be distinguished from the hagfishes by

_______ propel themselves by means of vertical undulating movements of their greatly enlarged pectoral fins.

Which of the following is a major trait distinguishing the primates from other mammals?

Refer to the figure showing a phylogenetic tree of hominins. According to the figure, Homo habilis is least likely to have been alive at the same time as

Most of the major groups of mammals arose at the end of the Cretaceous period.This most likely occurred because

Frogs are unique among the vertebrates because they possess, at some stage of development,

The archosaur clade of reptiles includes crocodiles, birds, and the extinct dinosaurs and pterosaurs.What evidence suggests that some extinct theropods may be endothermic?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The rattlesnake, fence lizard, some caecilians, and eutherian mammals are all _ when it comes to reproduction, but not all of them belong members of the group called _.

A _ that develops from mesodermal pockets that bud off from the cavity of the gastrula is a characteristic of _.

In ___, the coelom arises from _ and the _____ arises from the blastopore.