Question 1

The hemichordates consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  tunicates and acorn worms. 
B)  echinoderms and acorn worms. 
C)  pterobranchs and acorn worms. 
D)  lancelets and tunicates. 
E)  lancelets and pterobranchs. 
A)  tunicates and acorn worms. 
B)  echinoderms and acorn worms. 
C)  pterobranchs and acorn worms. 
D)  lancelets and tunicates. 
E)  lancelets and pterobranchs.

Question 2

The evolution of jaws with teeth resulted in an extensive radiation of the fishes into the many modern jawed forms.What was the main advantage and significance of jaws with teeth in this radiation?

Accepted Answer

The jaws of the fishes evolved during th

Question 3

Which statement about bipedal locomotion is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It propelled ardipithecines. 
B)  It allowed protohominids to carry objects while walking. 
C)  It requires less energy than quadrupedal locomotion. 
D)  It elevates the eyes. 
E)  It increases the rate of gas exchange. 
A)  It propelled ardipithecines. 
B)  It allowed protohominids to carry objects while walking. 
C)  It requires less energy than quadrupedal locomotion. 
D)  It elevates the eyes. 
E)  It increases the rate of gas exchange.

Question 4

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows the cross section (at right) of a sea star arm.Within the arm are tube feet with two parts, an ampulla and a suction cup.The ampulla is a bulb-like structure that communicates with the suction cup.Which statement about these tube feet structures is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ampulla is connected to the suction cup by a muscular tube. 
B)  The suction cup is an adhesive disk. 
C)  Muscular movement of the tube controls the suction cup. 
D)  The tube foot participates in gas exchange. 
E)  Water enters the suction cup and flows into the ampulla, eventually toward the madreporite. 
A)  The ampulla is connected to the suction cup by a muscular tube. 
B)  The suction cup is an adhesive disk. 
C)  Muscular movement of the tube controls the suction cup. 
D)  The tube foot participates in gas exchange. 
E)  Water enters the suction cup and flows into the ampulla, eventually toward the madreporite.

Question 5

_______ are archosaurs that possess a bipedal stance and a furcula.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are archosaurs that possess a bipedal...

Question 6

The _______ of a sea star, a type of echinoderm, is on the upper surface of the animal.When a sea star is resting on the sea floor, its _______ faces the sea floor.

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth; anus 
B)  mouth; tube canal 
C)  anus; mouth 
D)  anus; tube canal 
E)  tube canal; anus 
A)  mouth; anus 
B)  mouth; tube canal 
C)  anus; mouth 
D)  anus; tube canal 
E)  tube canal; anus

Question 7

The feathers of birds and fur of mammals both function in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  evaporation 
B)  insulation 
C)  attracting mates 
D)  gas exchange 
E)  endothermy 
A)  evaporation 
B)  insulation 
C)  attracting mates 
D)  gas exchange 
E)  endothermy

Question 8

Which of the following is not a characteristic of echinoderms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bilaterally symmetric larvae 
B)  A network of water-filled canals leading to tube feet 
C)  A water vascular system 
D)  An internal skeleton of calcified plates 
E)  An external skeleton of chitin 
A)  Bilaterally symmetric larvae 
B)  A network of water-filled canals leading to tube feet 
C)  A water vascular system 
D)  An internal skeleton of calcified plates 
E)  An external skeleton of chitin

Question 9

Refer to the figure.   Which trait is not found in early deuterostomes, including the extinct yunnanozoan (shown)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharynx with slits through which water flowed outward 
B)  Segmented posterior body 
C)  Vertebral column 
D)  Bilateral symmetry 
E)  Mouth 
A)  Pharynx with slits through which water flowed outward 
B)  Segmented posterior body 
C)  Vertebral column 
D)  Bilateral symmetry 
E)  Mouth

Question 10

Populations of a hominid called _______ arose in Africa about 1.6 mya and spread to Asia, becoming the first hominid to leave Africa.They used fire for cooking and for hunting large animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Paranthropus robustus 
B)  Homo erectus 
C)  Homo neanderthalensis 
D)  Homo habilis 
E)  Australopithecus africanus 
A)  Paranthropus robustus 
B)  Homo erectus 
C)  Homo neanderthalensis 
D)  Homo habilis 
E)  Australopithecus africanus

Question 11

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of birds, compared with other living vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scales on their legs 
B)  Ability to lay eggs that do not dry out 
C)  Feathers 
D)  Enormous amount of parental care 
E)  Flight 
A)  Scales on their legs 
B)  Ability to lay eggs that do not dry out 
C)  Feathers 
D)  Enormous amount of parental care 
E)  Flight

Question 12

A structure called a placenta, which nourishes the developing embryo, evolved in _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A structure called a placenta, which nourishes...

Question 13

Ancient lobe-finned fishes are ancestral to tetrapods.Modern examples of lobe-finned fishes include lungfishes.Which feature of ancient lobe-finned fishes was important in the evolution of tetrapods and is also found in modern lungfishes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cartilaginous skeleton 
B)  Jointed fins 
C)  Swim bladder 
D)  Thin, flat, lightweight scales 
E)  Amniote egg 
A)  Cartilaginous skeleton 
B)  Jointed fins 
C)  Swim bladder 
D)  Thin, flat, lightweight scales 
E)  Amniote egg

Question 14

The oldest fossil remains of members of our genus, Homo, suggest that early relatives of humans lived

Accepted Answer

A)  near China, where food is plentiful throughout the year. 
B)  near Siberia, in an area where they were protected from predation. 
C)  in the midwestern United States, where there is some of the most fertile soil in the world. 
D)  in the American tropics, where there are long growing seasons and many species of fruits and berries. 
E)  in dry African savannas, where they ate roots, bulbs, tubers, and animals. 
A)  near China, where food is plentiful throughout the year. 
B)  near Siberia, in an area where they were protected from predation. 
C)  in the midwestern United States, where there is some of the most fertile soil in the world. 
D)  in the American tropics, where there are long growing seasons and many species of fruits and berries. 
E)  in dry African savannas, where they ate roots, bulbs, tubers, and animals.

Question 15

The network of hydraulic canals that functions in gas exchange, locomotion, and feeding in echinoderms is called a _______.

Accepted Answer

water vasc

Question 16

Refer to the figure.   Which of the animals shown in the figure has ball-and-socket joints between its spines and its endoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feather star (Comanthina schlegeli) 
B)  Sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) 
C)  Sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) 
D)  Sea star (Marthasterias glacialis) 
E)  Brittle star (Ophiarachna incrassata) 
A)  Feather star (Comanthina schlegeli) 
B)  Sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) 
C)  Sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) 
D)  Sea star (Marthasterias glacialis) 
E)  Brittle star (Ophiarachna incrassata)

Question 17

Refer to the figure.   Which statement about the sea star shown in the figure is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a deuterostome. 
B)  It has pentaradial symmetry. 
C)  It has a bilaterally symmetrical larva. 
D)  It has a notochord. 
E)  It is a carnivore. 
A)  It is a deuterostome. 
B)  It has pentaradial symmetry. 
C)  It has a bilaterally symmetrical larva. 
D)  It has a notochord. 
E)  It is a carnivore.

Question 18

Mammal numbers, diversity, and size increased dramatically at the end of the Cretaceous because

Accepted Answer

A)  non-avian dinosaurs became extinct at that time. 
B)  mammals evolved differentiated teeth that allowed them to outcompete non-avian dinosaurs. 
C)  mammals were a group of theropods similar to the group that led to modern birds. 
D)  mammals were viviparous, leading to greater reproductive success than in the dinosaurs. 
E)  mammals evolved hollow bones, allowing them to escape from predatory dinosaurs. 
A)  non-avian dinosaurs became extinct at that time. 
B)  mammals evolved differentiated teeth that allowed them to outcompete non-avian dinosaurs. 
C)  mammals were a group of theropods similar to the group that led to modern birds. 
D)  mammals were viviparous, leading to greater reproductive success than in the dinosaurs. 
E)  mammals evolved hollow bones, allowing them to escape from predatory dinosaurs.

Question 19

Suppose that you discover the fossil of an unknown organism.It has radial symmetry, and examination of the surrounding rock and adjacent fossils suggests that it derives from a marine environment.What other features would you look for in order to determine whether this fossil is an echinoderm?

Accepted Answer

The two traits that are defining charact

Question 20

Which pair of structures evolved into modifications that led to successful movement of gnathostomes from aquatic to terrestrial habitats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swim bladder and paired fins 
B)  Lungs and cartilaginous skeleton 
C)  Paired fins and cartilaginous skeleton 
D)  Lungs and swim bladder 
E)  Pharyngeal arches and swim bladder 
A)  Swim bladder and paired fins 
B)  Lungs and cartilaginous skeleton 
C)  Paired fins and cartilaginous skeleton 
D)  Lungs and swim bladder 
E)  Pharyngeal arches and swim bladder

Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

The hemichordates consist of

The evolution of jaws with teeth resulted in an extensive radiation of the fishes into the many modern jawed forms.What was the main advantage and significance of jaws with teeth in this radiation?

Which statement about bipedal locomotion is false?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the cross section (at right) of a sea star arm.Within the arm are tube feet with two parts, an ampulla and a suction cup.The ampulla is a bulb-like structure that communicates with the suction cup.Which statement about these tube feet structures is false?

_______ are archosaurs that possess a bipedal stance and a furcula.

The _______ of a sea star, a type of echinoderm, is on the upper surface of the animal.When a sea star is resting on the sea floor, its _______ faces the sea floor.

The feathers of birds and fur of mammals both function in _______.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of echinoderms?

Refer to the figure. Which trait is not found in early deuterostomes, including the extinct yunnanozoan (shown)?

Populations of a hominid called _______ arose in Africa about 1.6 mya and spread to Asia, becoming the first hominid to leave Africa.They used fire for cooking and for hunting large animals.

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of birds, compared with other living vertebrates?

A structure called a placenta, which nourishes the developing embryo, evolved in _______.

Ancient lobe-finned fishes are ancestral to tetrapods.Modern examples of lobe-finned fishes include lungfishes.Which feature of ancient lobe-finned fishes was important in the evolution of tetrapods and is also found in modern lungfishes?

The oldest fossil remains of members of our genus, Homo, suggest that early relatives of humans lived

The network of hydraulic canals that functions in gas exchange, locomotion, and feeding in echinoderms is called a _______.

Refer to the figure. Which of the animals shown in the figure has ball-and-socket joints between its spines and its endoskeleton?

Refer to the figure. Which statement about the sea star shown in the figure is false?

Mammal numbers, diversity, and size increased dramatically at the end of the Cretaceous because

Suppose that you discover the fossil of an unknown organism.It has radial symmetry, and examination of the surrounding rock and adjacent fossils suggests that it derives from a marine environment.What other features would you look for in order to determine whether this fossil is an echinoderm?

Which pair of structures evolved into modifications that led to successful movement of gnathostomes from aquatic to terrestrial habitats?

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Cells: the Working Units of Life

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The _ of a sea star, a type of echinoderm, is on the upper surface of the animal.When a sea star is resting on the sea floor, its _ faces the sea floor.