Question 1

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows a _______ at the _______ life cycle stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  sea squirt (ascidian); adult 
B)  lancelet (cephalochordate); adult 
C)  sea star (echinoderm); larva 
D)  sea squirt (tunicate); larva 
E)  lancelet (cephalochordate); larva 
A)  sea squirt (ascidian); adult 
B)  lancelet (cephalochordate); adult 
C)  sea star (echinoderm); larva 
D)  sea squirt (tunicate); larva 
E)  lancelet (cephalochordate); larva

Question 2

Which group of organisms was the first to exhibit jaws?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reptiles 
B)  Birds 
C)  Ray-finned fishes 
D)  Gnathostomes 
E)  Echinoderms 
A)  Reptiles 
B)  Birds 
C)  Ray-finned fishes 
D)  Gnathostomes 
E)  Echinoderms

Question 3

A major change in the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates was the

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution of the water vascular system. 
B)  development of a dorsal hollow nerve cord. 
C)  calcification of an internal skeleton. 
D)  development of the lophophore as an adaptation to predatory life. 
E)  ability to filter feed. 
A)  evolution of the water vascular system. 
B)  development of a dorsal hollow nerve cord. 
C)  calcification of an internal skeleton. 
D)  development of the lophophore as an adaptation to predatory life. 
E)  ability to filter feed.

Question 4

The chondrichthyans, including sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras,

Accepted Answer

A)  are hagfishes. 
B)  lack a caudal fin. 
C)  have an open circulatory system. 
D)  have skeletons with little cartilage. 
E)  move forward by means of lateral undulations of the pectoral fins. 
A)  are hagfishes. 
B)  lack a caudal fin. 
C)  have an open circulatory system. 
D)  have skeletons with little cartilage. 
E)  move forward by means of lateral undulations of the pectoral fins.

Question 5

_______ possess a _______ in their larval stage that is lost in the adult.

Accepted Answer

A)  Tunicates (sea squirts); tunic 
B)  Larvaceans; notochord 
C)  Lancelets; tail 
D)  Tunicates (sea squirts); notochord 
E)  Salps; foot 
A)  Tunicates (sea squirts); tunic 
B)  Larvaceans; notochord 
C)  Lancelets; tail 
D)  Tunicates (sea squirts); notochord 
E)  Salps; foot

Question 6

Since echinoderms and hemichordates both have ciliated larvae that are bilaterally symmetrical, they are both classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  ambulacrarians. 
B)  echinozoans. 
C)  asterozoans. 
D)  pterobranchs. 
E)  yunnanozoans. 
A)  ambulacrarians. 
B)  echinozoans. 
C)  asterozoans. 
D)  pterobranchs. 
E)  yunnanozoans.

Question 7

Refer to the figure showing a caecilian.   Given the body form of caecilians and where they live, what food do these organisms most likely eat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil invertebrates 
B)  Plankton 
C)  Grasses 
D)  Eggs of ground-nesting birds 
E)  Shallow-water invertebrates 
A)  Soil invertebrates 
B)  Plankton 
C)  Grasses 
D)  Eggs of ground-nesting birds 
E)  Shallow-water invertebrates

Question 8

Refer to the figure.   Which animal shown in the figure has arms composed of hard, jointed plates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feather star (Comanthina schlegeli) 
B)  Sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) 
C)  Sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) 
D)  Sea star (Marthasterias glacialis) 
E)  Brittle star (Ophiarachna incrassata) 
A)  Feather star (Comanthina schlegeli) 
B)  Sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) 
C)  Sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) 
D)  Sea star (Marthasterias glacialis) 
E)  Brittle star (Ophiarachna incrassata)

Question 9

The important innovation that evolved from the gill arches of jawless fishes and is retained by chondrichthyans, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods is

Accepted Answer

A)  heavily armored skin. 
B)  the jaw. 
C)  fins. 
D)  the ability to swim. 
E)  the vertebral column. 
A)  heavily armored skin. 
B)  the jaw. 
C)  fins. 
D)  the ability to swim. 
E)  the vertebral column.

Question 10

Amphibians were able to colonize land because they evolved from _______ ancestors, such as Tiktaalik roseae.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amphibians were able to colonize land because...

Question 11

The group of modern legless reptiles composed entirely of carnivorous species, including some that possess venom glands, are the

Accepted Answer

A)  lizards. 
B)  turtles and tortoises. 
C)  snakes. 
D)  caecilians. 
E)  squamates. 
A)  lizards. 
B)  turtles and tortoises. 
C)  snakes. 
D)  caecilians. 
E)  squamates.

Question 12

In the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates, a dorsal supporting structure called the _______ evolved.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the evolutionary lineage leading to the...

Question 13

Which of the following adaptations is related to the reduced availability of water in terrestrial environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney that produces lots of dilute urine 
B)  Moist skin 
C)  Branched swim bladder 
D)  Eggs enclosed in gelatinous envelopes 
E)  Fluid-filled amnion 
A)  Kidney that produces lots of dilute urine 
B)  Moist skin 
C)  Branched swim bladder 
D)  Eggs enclosed in gelatinous envelopes 
E)  Fluid-filled amnion

Question 14

You are in Africa and come across a watering hole that has almost dried up.You dig in the mud and uncover a lobe-finned, eel-like fish in a relatively inactive state.This fish is most likely able to respire because of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are in Africa and come across...

Question 15

Birds are thought to be descended from the monophyletic group that includes ______, since both groups _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians; have amniote eggs 
B)  mammals; have a bipedal stance 
C)  turtles; have thick skin with scales 
D)  dinosaurs; have a furcula (wishbone) 
E)  crocodiles; are carnivorous 
A)  amphibians; have amniote eggs 
B)  mammals; have a bipedal stance 
C)  turtles; have thick skin with scales 
D)  dinosaurs; have a furcula (wishbone) 
E)  crocodiles; are carnivorous

Question 16

Which is of the following is not a characteristic of human language?

Accepted Answer

A)  It consists of a limited number of signals associated with emotional states. 
B)  It has a rich range of symbolic possibilities. 
C)  Words can refer to past and future times. 
D)  Words can refer to distant places. 
E)  Arrangements of words can carry complex meanings. 
A)  It consists of a limited number of signals associated with emotional states. 
B)  It has a rich range of symbolic possibilities. 
C)  Words can refer to past and future times. 
D)  Words can refer to distant places. 
E)  Arrangements of words can carry complex meanings.

Question 17

Refer to the figure.   Why do some biologists consider the term "craniates" more appropriate than "vertebrates" in referring to the group that includes hagfishes along with the rest of the vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hagfishes have bony vertebrae. 
B)  Hagfishes have skeletons made of cartilage. 
C)  Hagfishes have partial skulls. 
D)  Hagfishes have jaws. 
E)  Hagfishes have pharyngeal arches. 
A)  Hagfishes have bony vertebrae. 
B)  Hagfishes have skeletons made of cartilage. 
C)  Hagfishes have partial skulls. 
D)  Hagfishes have jaws. 
E)  Hagfishes have pharyngeal arches.

Question 18

Refer to the figure.   Referring to the phylogenetic tree of amniotes shown, describe the evolutionary origin of the following traits: endothermy, hair, and feathers.Which of these traits appears to have evolved convergently in more than one lineage? What is a likely functional relationship among these traits? What are some reasons why many paleontologists think many extinct theropods were endothermic?

Accepted Answer

Among the living tetrapods, birds and ma

Question 19

Analysis of evidence indicates that the jaws of gnathostomes evolved from

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal arches used to support gills. 
B)  small bones associated with the brain capsule. 
C)  the bony teeth found in lamprey tongues. 
D)  progressive widening of the cyclostome mouth. 
E)  cartilaginous vertebrae. 
A)  skeletal arches used to support gills. 
B)  small bones associated with the brain capsule. 
C)  the bony teeth found in lamprey tongues. 
D)  progressive widening of the cyclostome mouth. 
E)  cartilaginous vertebrae.

Question 20

As the brain reached its modern size in Homo sapiens,

Accepted Answer

A)  there was an increase in skull thickness. 
B)  there was a marked increase in height. 
C)  a bipedal stance was adopted. 
D)  there was a decrease in jaw size. 
E)  the size of the external ears decreased. 
A)  there was an increase in skull thickness. 
B)  there was a marked increase in height. 
C)  a bipedal stance was adopted. 
D)  there was a decrease in jaw size. 
E)  the size of the external ears decreased.

Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

Refer to the figure. The figure shows a _______ at the _______ life cycle stage.

Which group of organisms was the first to exhibit jaws?

A major change in the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates was the

The chondrichthyans, including sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras,

_______ possess a _______ in their larval stage that is lost in the adult.

Since echinoderms and hemichordates both have ciliated larvae that are bilaterally symmetrical, they are both classified as

Refer to the figure showing a caecilian. Given the body form of caecilians and where they live, what food do these organisms most likely eat?

Refer to the figure. Which animal shown in the figure has arms composed of hard, jointed plates?

The important innovation that evolved from the gill arches of jawless fishes and is retained by chondrichthyans, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods is

Amphibians were able to colonize land because they evolved from _______ ancestors, such as Tiktaalik roseae.

The group of modern legless reptiles composed entirely of carnivorous species, including some that possess venom glands, are the

In the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates, a dorsal supporting structure called the _______ evolved.

Which of the following adaptations is related to the reduced availability of water in terrestrial environments?

You are in Africa and come across a watering hole that has almost dried up.You dig in the mud and uncover a lobe-finned, eel-like fish in a relatively inactive state.This fish is most likely able to respire because of _______.

Birds are thought to be descended from the monophyletic group that includes ______, since both groups _______.

Which is of the following is not a characteristic of human language?

Refer to the figure. Why do some biologists consider the term "craniates" more appropriate than "vertebrates" in referring to the group that includes hagfishes along with the rest of the vertebrates?

Analysis of evidence indicates that the jaws of gnathostomes evolved from

As the brain reached its modern size in Homo sapiens,

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Refer to the figure. The figure shows a _ at the _ life cycle stage.

_ possess a _ in their larval stage that is lost in the adult.

Birds are thought to be descended from the monophyletic group that includes , since both groups _.