Question 1

Which statement best describes the hypothesis for why high atmospheric CO2 limited evolution of large megaphylls?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CO2 caused global warming, shading the plants and limiting plant growth capacity. 
B)  High CO2 caused too much damage to plants with large leaves, because of suffocation. 
C)  Large leaves captured too much light compared with the amount of CO2 they could take up, so they stayed small to avoid light. 
D)  With high CO2, more stomata were needed, so the plants with large leaves lost too much water. 
E)  With high CO2, fewer stomata were needed, so the plants had less capacity for evaporative cooling of large leaves. 
A)  The CO2 caused global warming, shading the plants and limiting plant growth capacity. 
B)  High CO2 caused too much damage to plants with large leaves, because of suffocation. 
C)  Large leaves captured too much light compared with the amount of CO2 they could take up, so they stayed small to avoid light. 
D)  With high CO2, more stomata were needed, so the plants with large leaves lost too much water. 
E)  With high CO2, fewer stomata were needed, so the plants had less capacity for evaporative cooling of large leaves.

Question 2

If you examined Sphagnum peat under the microscope, you might see partially decomposed

Accepted Answer

A)  gametophytes and spores. 
B)  tracheids and seeds. 
C)  photosynthetic sporophytes and rhizoids. 
D)  cuticles, stomata, and tracheids. 
E)  xylem and phloem. 
A)  gametophytes and spores. 
B)  tracheids and seeds. 
C)  photosynthetic sporophytes and rhizoids. 
D)  cuticles, stomata, and tracheids. 
E)  xylem and phloem.

Question 3

A euphyllophyte is defined as a plant with

Accepted Answer

A)  true leaves. 
B)  true roots. 
C)  dichotomous stems. 
D)  overtopping roots. 
E)  true microphylls. 
A)  true leaves. 
B)  true roots. 
C)  dichotomous stems. 
D)  overtopping roots. 
E)  true microphylls.

Question 4

What effect does having a basal region of cell division have on sporophyte function in hornworts?

Accepted Answer

A)  It limits cell division to the base in sporophytes, so they do not get as tall as those of moss and liverworts. 
B)  It allows spores to be continually made and released as long as the sporophytes live. 
C)  It provides places for symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to live. 
D)  It keeps making green tissue to support growth of the gametophytes. 
E)  It helps raise the spores so they can be more easily dispersed by symbiotic fungi. 
A)  It limits cell division to the base in sporophytes, so they do not get as tall as those of moss and liverworts. 
B)  It allows spores to be continually made and released as long as the sporophytes live. 
C)  It provides places for symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to live. 
D)  It keeps making green tissue to support growth of the gametophytes. 
E)  It helps raise the spores so they can be more easily dispersed by symbiotic fungi.

Question 5

Ferns are vascular plants but tend to prosper in wet areas because

Accepted Answer

A)  the vascular system is not well developed. 
B)  the root system of ferns is rudimentary. 
C)  ferns cannot regulate the loss of water from their leaves. 
D)  ferns have swimming sperm. 
E)  ferns are heterosporous. 
A)  the vascular system is not well developed. 
B)  the root system of ferns is rudimentary. 
C)  ferns cannot regulate the loss of water from their leaves. 
D)  ferns have swimming sperm. 
E)  ferns are heterosporous.

Question 6

In which plant group did stomata first appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hornworts 
B)  Mosses 
C)  Liverworts 
D)  Club mosses 
E)  Angiosperms 
A)  Hornworts 
B)  Mosses 
C)  Liverworts 
D)  Club mosses 
E)  Angiosperms

Question 7

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant.   At which step in the diagram are spores being produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 8

Refer to the figure, which shows hornworts.   In which part of this hornwort would you find an egg cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  The relevant structure is not shown. 
E)  Hornworts do not reproduce sexually. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  The relevant structure is not shown. 
E)  Hornworts do not reproduce sexually.

Question 9

Dichotomous branching happens when

Accepted Answer

A)  a shoot tip divides and grows into two equal branches. 
B)  a shoot tip automatically divides. 
C)  branches divide. 
D)  a phylum diverges from a common ancestor. 
E)  one plant grows taller than another. 
A)  a shoot tip divides and grows into two equal branches. 
B)  a shoot tip automatically divides. 
C)  branches divide. 
D)  a phylum diverges from a common ancestor. 
E)  one plant grows taller than another.

Question 10

Liverworts can be distinguished from the other nonvascular plants because they

Accepted Answer

A)  produce sporangia on their sporophytes. 
B)  have photosynthetic gametophytes. 
C)  lack stomata. 
D)  extend their gametophytes by apical growth. 
E)  have elongated sporangia. 
A)  produce sporangia on their sporophytes. 
B)  have photosynthetic gametophytes. 
C)  lack stomata. 
D)  extend their gametophytes by apical growth. 
E)  have elongated sporangia.

Question 11

Which of the following regarding the two leaf types (microphylls and megaphylls) is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microphylls arose from small sterile sporangia. 
B)  Both microphylls and megaphylls have stomata. 
C)  The first megaphylls arose in the Devonian period. 
D)  Lycophytes are living examples of plants with microphylls. 
E)  Megaphylls arose from the flattening of a dichotomous branching system. 
A)  Microphylls arose from small sterile sporangia. 
B)  Both microphylls and megaphylls have stomata. 
C)  The first megaphylls arose in the Devonian period. 
D)  Lycophytes are living examples of plants with microphylls. 
E)  Megaphylls arose from the flattening of a dichotomous branching system.

Question 12

Suppose you find a new eukaryotic organism with the life cycle shown in the figure.   What evidence would lead to the conclusion that it does not belong in the plant clade?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lacks a multicellular diploid generation. 
B)  It has both gametes and spores. 
C)  Both the male and female gametes are haploid. 
D)  It has a multicellular haploid generation. 
E)  It is homosporous. 
A)  It lacks a multicellular diploid generation. 
B)  It has both gametes and spores. 
C)  Both the male and female gametes are haploid. 
D)  It has a multicellular haploid generation. 
E)  It is homosporous.

Question 13

Presence of stomata is a synapomorphy of

Accepted Answer

A)  liverworts and hornworts. 
B)  liverworts, hornworts, mosses, and seed plants. 
C)  mosses and seed plants. 
D)  liverworts, hornworts, and seed plants. 
E)  hornworts, mosses, and seed plants. 
A)  liverworts and hornworts. 
B)  liverworts, hornworts, mosses, and seed plants. 
C)  mosses and seed plants. 
D)  liverworts, hornworts, and seed plants. 
E)  hornworts, mosses, and seed plants.

Question 14

Refer to the diagram.   Which letter in the diagram indicates the sporophyte?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the diagram.   Which...

Question 15

The evolutionary origin of microphylls is thought by some biologists to be

Accepted Answer

A)  sterile sporangia developing into small blades of photosynthetic tissue. 
B)  rhizoids developing into complex networks. 
C)  specialized xylem branching into flat blades. 
D)  photosynthetic tissue growing between complex branching patterns. 
E)  simple strands of vascular tissue. 
A)  sterile sporangia developing into small blades of photosynthetic tissue. 
B)  rhizoids developing into complex networks. 
C)  specialized xylem branching into flat blades. 
D)  photosynthetic tissue growing between complex branching patterns. 
E)  simple strands of vascular tissue.

Question 16

Heterospory in a plant life cycle is characterized by two different kinds of

Accepted Answer

A)  sporophytes that make two different kinds of gametes. 
B)  spores that fuse into a zygote that matures into a single kind of gametophyte. 
C)  gametes made by a single kind of gametophyte. 
D)  spores that mature into two different kinds of gametophytes. 
E)  gametophytes that make two different kinds of spores. 
A)  sporophytes that make two different kinds of gametes. 
B)  spores that fuse into a zygote that matures into a single kind of gametophyte. 
C)  gametes made by a single kind of gametophyte. 
D)  spores that mature into two different kinds of gametophytes. 
E)  gametophytes that make two different kinds of spores.

Question 17

The primary endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium by an early eukaryotic cell that led to evolution of plants occurred

Accepted Answer

A)  more than a billion years ago. 
B)  approximately 400 million years ago. 
C)  approximately 400,000 years ago. 
D)  approximately 4,000 years ago. 
E)  approximately 400 years ago. 
A)  more than a billion years ago. 
B)  approximately 400 million years ago. 
C)  approximately 400,000 years ago. 
D)  approximately 4,000 years ago. 
E)  approximately 400 years ago.

Question 18

The figure shows the chlorophyte Volvox sp.   How does this green alga relate to land plants of today as well as reflect the early steps of specialization and multicellularity that occurred during the evolution of plants?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophytes share the same suite of pho

Question 19

Which evidence most strongly suggests that heterospory affords selective advantages for land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  It evolved several times independently. 
B)  It is found only in the most advanced land plants. 
C)  It is simpler than homospory. 
D)  It is found only in the most primitive land plants. 
E)  It evolved along with decreased atmospheric CO2 levels. 
A)  It evolved several times independently. 
B)  It is found only in the most advanced land plants. 
C)  It is simpler than homospory. 
D)  It is found only in the most primitive land plants. 
E)  It evolved along with decreased atmospheric CO2 levels.

Question 20

Which characteristic of nonvascular plants has restricted their expansion on land to moist areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cuticle 
B)  Matted growth form 
C)  Lack of true roots 
D)  Small size 
E)  Layers of maternal tissue that protect the embryo 
A)  Cuticle 
B)  Matted growth form 
C)  Lack of true roots 
D)  Small size 
E)  Layers of maternal tissue that protect the embryo

Exam 27: Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

Which statement best describes the hypothesis for why high atmospheric CO2 limited evolution of large megaphylls?

If you examined Sphagnum peat under the microscope, you might see partially decomposed

A euphyllophyte is defined as a plant with

What effect does having a basal region of cell division have on sporophyte function in hornworts?

Ferns are vascular plants but tend to prosper in wet areas because

In which plant group did stomata first appear?

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant. At which step in the diagram are spores being produced?

Refer to the figure, which shows hornworts. In which part of this hornwort would you find an egg cell?

Dichotomous branching happens when

Liverworts can be distinguished from the other nonvascular plants because they

Which of the following regarding the two leaf types (microphylls and megaphylls) is false?

Suppose you find a new eukaryotic organism with the life cycle shown in the figure. What evidence would lead to the conclusion that it does not belong in the plant clade?

Presence of stomata is a synapomorphy of

Refer to the diagram. Which letter in the diagram indicates the sporophyte?

The evolutionary origin of microphylls is thought by some biologists to be

Heterospory in a plant life cycle is characterized by two different kinds of

The primary endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium by an early eukaryotic cell that led to evolution of plants occurred

The figure shows the chlorophyte Volvox sp. How does this green alga relate to land plants of today as well as reflect the early steps of specialization and multicellularity that occurred during the evolution of plants?

Which evidence most strongly suggests that heterospory affords selective advantages for land plants?

Which characteristic of nonvascular plants has restricted their expansion on land to moist areas?

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Which statement best describes the hypothesis for why high atmospheric CO₂ limited evolution of large megaphylls?