Question 1

Modern coal deposits formed from plants of the Carboniferous period that grew approximately ______ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  3.5 billion 
B)  350 million 
C)  100 million 
D)  350,000 
E)  4,500 
A)  3.5 billion 
B)  350 million 
C)  100 million 
D)  350,000 
E)  4,500

Question 2

This group's sporophyte exhibits indeterminate growth and develops no stalk, and there is a single large chloroplast in each cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Stoneworts 
E)  Coleochaetophytes 
A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Stoneworts 
E)  Coleochaetophytes

Question 3

With regard to the life cycles observed in plants and animals, the two groups share the similarity of

Accepted Answer

A)  gametes produced by the multicellular haploid generation. 
B)  gametes produced by the unicellular diploid generation. 
C)  gametes produced by meiosis. 
D)  a generation of multicellular diploid individuals. 
E)  a generation of multicellular haploid individuals. 
A)  gametes produced by the multicellular haploid generation. 
B)  gametes produced by the unicellular diploid generation. 
C)  gametes produced by meiosis. 
D)  a generation of multicellular diploid individuals. 
E)  a generation of multicellular haploid individuals.

Question 4

Which structure in land plants is diploid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gametangium 
B)  Gametophyte 
C)  Gamete 
D)  Spore 
E)  Sporangium 
A)  Gametangium 
B)  Gametophyte 
C)  Gamete 
D)  Spore 
E)  Sporangium

Question 5

Some liverworts, such as Marchantia, reproduce sexually and vegetatively.Vegetative reproduction takes place by means of lens-shaped clumps of cells called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some liverworts, such as Marchantia, reproduce sexually...

Question 6

Explain why megaphylls took a relatively long time to evolve and expand in size during the course of land plant colonization.

Accepted Answer

During the Devonian period, high atmosph

Question 7

The nutritionally independent stage of the life cycle of a liverwort is the

Accepted Answer

A)  diploid sporophyte. 
B)  diploid gametophyte. 
C)  haploid sporophyte. 
D)  haploid gametophyte. 
E)  haploid zygotophyte. 
A)  diploid sporophyte. 
B)  diploid gametophyte. 
C)  haploid sporophyte. 
D)  haploid gametophyte. 
E)  haploid zygotophyte.

Question 8

Which synapomorphies support stoneworts as the closest sister group of land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retention of egg on parental tissue, plasmodesmata, branching, and apical growth 
B)  Retention of egg on parental tissue, details of mitosis and cytokinesis, and plasmodesmata 
C)  Branching and apical growth 
D)  Retention of egg on parental tissue and gene sequence similarity 
E)  Plasmodesmata and gene sequence similarity 
A)  Retention of egg on parental tissue, plasmodesmata, branching, and apical growth 
B)  Retention of egg on parental tissue, details of mitosis and cytokinesis, and plasmodesmata 
C)  Branching and apical growth 
D)  Retention of egg on parental tissue and gene sequence similarity 
E)  Plasmodesmata and gene sequence similarity

Question 9

Plants started growing on land approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  4.5 billion years ago. 
B)  450 million years ago. 
C)  450,000 years ago. 
D)  4,500 years ago. 
E)  450 years ago. 
A)  4.5 billion years ago. 
B)  450 million years ago. 
C)  450,000 years ago. 
D)  4,500 years ago. 
E)  450 years ago.

Question 10

All land plants produce _______ by mitosis and _______ by meiosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  spores; gametes 
B)  gametes; gametes 
C)  gametes; spores 
D)  spores; spores 
E)  spores; gametes and spores 
A)  spores; gametes 
B)  gametes; gametes 
C)  gametes; spores 
D)  spores; spores 
E)  spores; gametes and spores

Question 11

The nonvascular plant that could most easily spread and form a larger colony is one with a sporophyte that has a sporangium

Accepted Answer

A)  that is close to the ground and produces sperm with flagella. 
B)  with a long stalk and a mechanism to throw its spores. 
C)  that is close to the ground and has a mechanism to throw its spores. 
D)  with a long stalk and that rots to release spores. 
E)  with a long stalk and that produces sperm with flagella. 
A)  that is close to the ground and produces sperm with flagella. 
B)  with a long stalk and a mechanism to throw its spores. 
C)  that is close to the ground and has a mechanism to throw its spores. 
D)  with a long stalk and that rots to release spores. 
E)  with a long stalk and that produces sperm with flagella.

Question 12

In addition to the various synapomorphies present in the stoneworts, the most compelling evidence that they are the sister group of land plants is based on _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to the various synapomorphies present...

Question 13

You recover a fossil from the Devonian period that appears to be a large sporophyte with a stem that grows in segments above whorls of true leaves.Based on this description, you identify the specimen as a _______, which is one member of a clade containing only itself and ferns.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You recover a fossil from the Devonian...

Question 14

The feature that distinguishes hornworts as more closely related to vascular plants than mosses or liverworts is

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a nutritionally independent sporophyte. 
B)  the ability to grow without a set limit. 
C)  the presence of rudimentary water-conducting elements. 
D)  the separation of male and female gametophytes. 
E)  the use of starch as a storage molecule for sugar. 
A)  the presence of a nutritionally independent sporophyte. 
B)  the ability to grow without a set limit. 
C)  the presence of rudimentary water-conducting elements. 
D)  the separation of male and female gametophytes. 
E)  the use of starch as a storage molecule for sugar.

Question 15

While scuba diving, you recover several samples of a red alga that appear almost crimson in color.When you return to your lab and attempt to grow the alga in your saltwater fish tank, new growth of the alga appears bright green.What best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The intensity of light has changed, affecting pigment composition. 
B)  The composition of the salt water has changed, affecting pigment composition. 
C)  The alga has engulfed a new cyanobacterial endosymbiont. 
D)  The alga is missing vital nutrients that allow for the accumulation of phycoerythrin. 
E)  The alga is stressed and is slowly dying. 
A)  The intensity of light has changed, affecting pigment composition. 
B)  The composition of the salt water has changed, affecting pigment composition. 
C)  The alga has engulfed a new cyanobacterial endosymbiont. 
D)  The alga is missing vital nutrients that allow for the accumulation of phycoerythrin. 
E)  The alga is stressed and is slowly dying.

Question 16

Several important adaptations evolved in the common ancestor of land plants that allowed for successful emergence on land.Which of the following is one of those changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolution of a waxy cuticle 
B)  Evolution of a carbohydrate energy-storage molecule 
C)  Evolution of a diploid form that produces haploid gametes 
D)  Evolution of a mechanism for structural support 
E)  Evolution of channels for transporting water 
A)  Evolution of a waxy cuticle 
B)  Evolution of a carbohydrate energy-storage molecule 
C)  Evolution of a diploid form that produces haploid gametes 
D)  Evolution of a mechanism for structural support 
E)  Evolution of channels for transporting water

Question 17

Nonvascular plants

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually a few hundred centimeters tall. 
B)  spread quickly in dry areas. 
C)  may be in a mutualistic association with a fungus and/or a cyanobacterium. 
D)  have a cuticle and stomata on their leaves. 
E)  have xylem instead of the tracheids that are found in vascular plants. 
A)  are usually a few hundred centimeters tall. 
B)  spread quickly in dry areas. 
C)  may be in a mutualistic association with a fungus and/or a cyanobacterium. 
D)  have a cuticle and stomata on their leaves. 
E)  have xylem instead of the tracheids that are found in vascular plants.

Question 18

The vascular system of vascular plants originated from a single evolutionary event.Sometime during the Paleozoic era (before 440 mya), the sporophyte generation of a now long-extinct land plant produced a new cell type, the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The vascular system of vascular plants originated...

Question 19

Which structure in land plants is haploid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sporangium 
B)  Embryo 
C)  Zygote 
D)  Multicellular gametophyte 
E)  Multicellular sporophyte 
A)  Sporangium 
B)  Embryo 
C)  Zygote 
D)  Multicellular gametophyte 
E)  Multicellular sporophyte

Question 20

Where on a fern plant would you look to find spores?

Accepted Answer

A)  In clusters of sporangia in sori on the sporophyte leaf 
B)  In clusters of sporangia in antheridia on the gametophyte leaf 
C)  In clusters of sori in sporangia on the sporophyte leaf 
D)  In clusters of sporangia in antheridia on the sporophyte leaf 
E)  In clusters of sori in sporangia on the gametophyte leaf 
A)  In clusters of sporangia in sori on the sporophyte leaf 
B)  In clusters of sporangia in antheridia on the gametophyte leaf 
C)  In clusters of sori in sporangia on the sporophyte leaf 
D)  In clusters of sporangia in antheridia on the sporophyte leaf 
E)  In clusters of sori in sporangia on the gametophyte leaf

Exam 27: Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

Modern coal deposits formed from plants of the Carboniferous period that grew approximately ______ years ago.

This group's sporophyte exhibits indeterminate growth and develops no stalk, and there is a single large chloroplast in each cell.

With regard to the life cycles observed in plants and animals, the two groups share the similarity of

Which structure in land plants is diploid?

Some liverworts, such as Marchantia, reproduce sexually and vegetatively.Vegetative reproduction takes place by means of lens-shaped clumps of cells called _______.

Explain why megaphylls took a relatively long time to evolve and expand in size during the course of land plant colonization.

The nutritionally independent stage of the life cycle of a liverwort is the

Which synapomorphies support stoneworts as the closest sister group of land plants?

Plants started growing on land approximately

All land plants produce _______ by mitosis and _______ by meiosis.

The nonvascular plant that could most easily spread and form a larger colony is one with a sporophyte that has a sporangium

In addition to the various synapomorphies present in the stoneworts, the most compelling evidence that they are the sister group of land plants is based on _______.

You recover a fossil from the Devonian period that appears to be a large sporophyte with a stem that grows in segments above whorls of true leaves.Based on this description, you identify the specimen as a _______, which is one member of a clade containing only itself and ferns.

The feature that distinguishes hornworts as more closely related to vascular plants than mosses or liverworts is

While scuba diving, you recover several samples of a red alga that appear almost crimson in color.When you return to your lab and attempt to grow the alga in your saltwater fish tank, new growth of the alga appears bright green.What best explains this phenomenon?

Several important adaptations evolved in the common ancestor of land plants that allowed for successful emergence on land.Which of the following is one of those changes?

Nonvascular plants

The vascular system of vascular plants originated from a single evolutionary event.Sometime during the Paleozoic era (before 440 mya), the sporophyte generation of a now long-extinct land plant produced a new cell type, the _______.

Which structure in land plants is haploid?

Where on a fern plant would you look to find spores?

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All land plants produce _ by mitosis and _ by meiosis.