Question 1

Which group represents the most ancient surviving land plant lineage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Ferns 
E)  Stoneworts 
A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Ferns 
E)  Stoneworts

Question 2

What are the benefits and limitations of using wastewater as a source of nutrients for algal biofuel production?

Accepted Answer

The benefits of using wastewater to grow

Question 3

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant.   At which step in the diagram are gametes being formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 4

Within vascular plants, the prominent generation is the _______; in nonvascular plants, it is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gametophyte; sporophyte 
B)  sporophyte; gametophyte 
C)  gametophyte; gametophyte 
D)  sporophyte; sporophyte 
E)  sporangium; gametophyte 
A)  gametophyte; sporophyte 
B)  sporophyte; gametophyte 
C)  gametophyte; gametophyte 
D)  sporophyte; sporophyte 
E)  sporangium; gametophyte

Question 5

There are approximately _______ living species of horsetails (a monilophyte).

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  100 
C)  1,200 
D)  9,000 
E)  15,000 
A)  15 
B)  100 
C)  1,200 
D)  9,000 
E)  15,000

Question 6

Refer to the figure.   Are the spores in the diagram haploid or diploid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.   Are...

Question 7

Despite lacking tracheids, nonvascular plants possess structures or characteristics that allow them to obtain and transport water and minerals on land.These include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  association with mycorrhizae-fungi that form a mutualistic partnership with plants. 
B)  thick spore walls to prevent dessication. 
C)  small size, which allows minerals to be distributed evenly by diffusion. 
D)  cells specialized for water transport. 
E)  growth in dense masses through which water can move by capillary action. 
A)  association with mycorrhizae-fungi that form a mutualistic partnership with plants. 
B)  thick spore walls to prevent dessication. 
C)  small size, which allows minerals to be distributed evenly by diffusion. 
D)  cells specialized for water transport. 
E)  growth in dense masses through which water can move by capillary action.

Question 8

The first vascular plants were probably

Accepted Answer

A)  rhyniophytes. 
B)  lycophytes. 
C)  mosses. 
D)  monilophytes. 
E)  liverworts. 
A)  rhyniophytes. 
B)  lycophytes. 
C)  mosses. 
D)  monilophytes. 
E)  liverworts.

Question 9

Growth of red algae in deep water is most limited by

Accepted Answer

A)  competition with other algae. 
B)  available substrate for holdfasts. 
C)  penetration of light through the water. 
D)  temperature. 
E)  concentration of salt in the water. 
A)  competition with other algae. 
B)  available substrate for holdfasts. 
C)  penetration of light through the water. 
D)  temperature. 
E)  concentration of salt in the water.

Question 10

Which statement describing how tracheids aided early plants in their terrestrial environment is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tracheids provided a path for water to travel from a source of supply to regions of need in the plant body. 
B)  The cell walls of tracheids are reinforced with lignin, providing rigid structural support that allowed plants to grow upward toward the sun and against gravity. 
C)  Tracheids provided a path for sugars to travel from a source of supply to regions of need in the plant body. 
D)  The increase in plant height due to the presence of tracheids improved spore dispersal, allowing progeny to spread farther. 
E)  Tracheids provided a path for minerals to travel from a source of supply to regions of need in the plant body. 
A)  Tracheids provided a path for water to travel from a source of supply to regions of need in the plant body. 
B)  The cell walls of tracheids are reinforced with lignin, providing rigid structural support that allowed plants to grow upward toward the sun and against gravity. 
C)  Tracheids provided a path for sugars to travel from a source of supply to regions of need in the plant body. 
D)  The increase in plant height due to the presence of tracheids improved spore dispersal, allowing progeny to spread farther. 
E)  Tracheids provided a path for minerals to travel from a source of supply to regions of need in the plant body.

Question 11

Refer to the figure.   What are the shared derived characteristics indicated on the phylogeny?

Accepted Answer

A)  1: tracheids; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: seeds 
B)  1: chloroplasts; 2: spores and protected embryos; 3: tracheids 
C)  1: tracheids; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: spores 
D)  1: eukaryotic cells; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: tracheids 
E)  1: eukaryotic cells; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: spores 
A)  1: tracheids; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: seeds 
B)  1: chloroplasts; 2: spores and protected embryos; 3: tracheids 
C)  1: tracheids; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: spores 
D)  1: eukaryotic cells; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: tracheids 
E)  1: eukaryotic cells; 2: chloroplasts and protected embryos; 3: spores

Question 12

Refer to the figure.   Are the gametes in the diagram produced by mitosis or meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.   Are...

Question 13

In the phylogeny of the living vascular plant groups, which clade made the earliest split from the common ancestor of vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhyniophytes 
B)  Monilophytes 
C)  Lycophytes 
D)  Gymnosperms 
E)  Angiosperms 
A)  Rhyniophytes 
B)  Monilophytes 
C)  Lycophytes 
D)  Gymnosperms 
E)  Angiosperms

Question 14

This group's gametophyte starts as a branched filamentous structure called a protonema, and many types contain hydroid cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Stoneworts 
E)  Coleochaetophytes 
A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Stoneworts 
E)  Coleochaetophytes

Question 15

Earth is estimated to be 4.65 billion years old.Although life first appeared about 3.7 billion years ago, land plants did not appear until _______ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  400,000-500,000 
B)  3-4 million 
C)  40-50 million 
D)  400-500 million 
E)  3-4 billion 
A)  400,000-500,000 
B)  3-4 million 
C)  40-50 million 
D)  400-500 million 
E)  3-4 billion

Question 16

Consider the following facts: F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10CO2 and light energy are needed in chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Light heats up leaves when it is absorbed.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10CO2 enters leaves and water evaporates from leaves through open stomata.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Water evaporating from a surface cools that surface.
Based on these facts, one can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  light absorption by leaves causes stomatal closure to reduce water loss. 
B)  leaves in high levels of light will keep their stomata closed more than leaves in shade. 
C)  CO2 uptake by leaves in a low CO2 environment will be greater than CO2 uptake in a high CO2 environment. 
D)  large leaves can be damaged by light-induced overheating if they have too few open stomata. 
E)  leaves that are in a high CO2 environment need to develop more chloroplasts to avoid damage. 
A)  light absorption by leaves causes stomatal closure to reduce water loss. 
B)  leaves in high levels of light will keep their stomata closed more than leaves in shade. 
C)  CO2 uptake by leaves in a low CO2 environment will be greater than CO2 uptake in a high CO2 environment. 
D)  large leaves can be damaged by light-induced overheating if they have too few open stomata. 
E)  leaves that are in a high CO2 environment need to develop more chloroplasts to avoid damage.

Question 17

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant.   In a nonvascular land plant, the structure being formed at step E in the diagram would be

Accepted Answer

A)  inconspicuous and lack chloroplasts. 
B)  conspicuous and lack chloroplasts. 
C)  conspicuous and nutritionally independent. 
D)  conspicuous and nutritionally dependent on the sporophyte. 
E)  inconspicuous and might or might not be nutritionally independent. 
A)  inconspicuous and lack chloroplasts. 
B)  conspicuous and lack chloroplasts. 
C)  conspicuous and nutritionally independent. 
D)  conspicuous and nutritionally dependent on the sporophyte. 
E)  inconspicuous and might or might not be nutritionally independent.

Question 18

The small closable openings in leaves and stems that regulate gas exchange are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The small closable openings in leaves and...

Question 19

The figure shows an image of Anthoceros sp, a hornwort.   Which features of this plant makes it most similar to vascular plants? Include which synapomorphy is most compelling in justifying the assignment of hornworts as a sister group of vascular plants.

Accepted Answer

Unlike other examples of nonvascular pla

Question 20

Land plants are often called embryophytes because

Accepted Answer

A)  the fertilized egg develops into an embryo. 
B)  there is a distinct embryo stage of development. 
C)  they have a chemical affinity for embryos. 
D)  the embryo is protected by the parent plant. 
E)  they have small embryos. 
A)  the fertilized egg develops into an embryo. 
B)  there is a distinct embryo stage of development. 
C)  they have a chemical affinity for embryos. 
D)  the embryo is protected by the parent plant. 
E)  they have small embryos.

Exam 27: Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

Which group represents the most ancient surviving land plant lineage?

What are the benefits and limitations of using wastewater as a source of nutrients for algal biofuel production?

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant. At which step in the diagram are gametes being formed?

Within vascular plants, the prominent generation is the _______; in nonvascular plants, it is the _______.

There are approximately _______ living species of horsetails (a monilophyte).

Refer to the figure. Are the spores in the diagram haploid or diploid?

Despite lacking tracheids, nonvascular plants possess structures or characteristics that allow them to obtain and transport water and minerals on land.These include all of the following except

The first vascular plants were probably

Growth of red algae in deep water is most limited by

Which statement describing how tracheids aided early plants in their terrestrial environment is false?

Refer to the figure. What are the shared derived characteristics indicated on the phylogeny?

Refer to the figure. Are the gametes in the diagram produced by mitosis or meiosis?

In the phylogeny of the living vascular plant groups, which clade made the earliest split from the common ancestor of vascular plants?

This group's gametophyte starts as a branched filamentous structure called a protonema, and many types contain hydroid cells.

Earth is estimated to be 4.65 billion years old.Although life first appeared about 3.7 billion years ago, land plants did not appear until _______ years ago.

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant. In a nonvascular land plant, the structure being formed at step E in the diagram would be

The small closable openings in leaves and stems that regulate gas exchange are called _______.

The figure shows an image of Anthoceros sp, a hornwort. Which features of this plant makes it most similar to vascular plants? Include which synapomorphy is most compelling in justifying the assignment of hornworts as a sister group of vascular plants.

Land plants are often called embryophytes because

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Within vascular plants, the prominent generation is the _; in nonvascular plants, it is the _.