Question 1

Microphylls differ from megaphylls in that

Accepted Answer

A)  microphylls are derived from female tissues, and megaphylls are derived from male tissues. 
B)  microphylls are thought to have evolved from sterile sporangia, whereas megaphylls evolved from modified branches. 
C)  microphylls have small xylem cells in their vascular tissue, whereas megaphylls have large xylem cells. 
D)  microphylls are thought to have evolved from small flaps of photosynthetic tissue between branches, whereas megaphylls evolved from large flaps of tissue between branches. 
E)  microphylls evolved before stomata, and megaphylls evolved after stomata. 
A)  microphylls are derived from female tissues, and megaphylls are derived from male tissues. 
B)  microphylls are thought to have evolved from sterile sporangia, whereas megaphylls evolved from modified branches. 
C)  microphylls have small xylem cells in their vascular tissue, whereas megaphylls have large xylem cells. 
D)  microphylls are thought to have evolved from small flaps of photosynthetic tissue between branches, whereas megaphylls evolved from large flaps of tissue between branches. 
E)  microphylls evolved before stomata, and megaphylls evolved after stomata.

Question 2

Which statement about plant life cycles is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A heterosporous plant produces two kinds of spores that each develop into a homosporous plant. 
B)  Homosporous plants evolved before heterosporous plants. 
C)  Homosporous plants produce one kind of sporophyte, and heterosporous plants produce two kinds of sporophytes. 
D)  There is one heterosporous common ancestor for all heterosporous plant lineages, but homospory evolved multiple times in different lineages. 
E)  Heterosporous gametophytes each have both male (antheridia) and female (archegonia) sex organs. 
A)  A heterosporous plant produces two kinds of spores that each develop into a homosporous plant. 
B)  Homosporous plants evolved before heterosporous plants. 
C)  Homosporous plants produce one kind of sporophyte, and heterosporous plants produce two kinds of sporophytes. 
D)  There is one heterosporous common ancestor for all heterosporous plant lineages, but homospory evolved multiple times in different lineages. 
E)  Heterosporous gametophytes each have both male (antheridia) and female (archegonia) sex organs.

Question 3

Your lab group is interested in exploring how the addition of agricultural runoff from a nearby dairy farm will affect the growth of a green algal species being investigated for biofuel production.Design an experiment that would reveal the effect this additive would have on algal growth.

Accepted Answer

Much like the experiment described in se

Question 4

Match the description below with the correct group of seedless vascular plants from the list that follows. They are sometimes called the scouring rushes because the silica deposits in their cell walls make them useful for cleaning; their reduced true leaves form distinct whorls around the stem.

Accepted Answer

A)  Club mosses 
B)  Horsetails 
C)  Ferns 
D)  Monilophytes 
E)  Rhyniophytes 
A)  Club mosses 
B)  Horsetails 
C)  Ferns 
D)  Monilophytes 
E)  Rhyniophytes

Question 5

In an attempt to classify an herbarium sample from the 1960s, you collect a small tissue plug and determine the sample has tracheids as well as silica.From this information you determine the specimen is a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an attempt to classify an herbarium...

Question 6

Which innovation in land plants addressed the challenges of reproduction rather than mere survival?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cuticle 
B)  Stomata 
C)  Gametangia 
D)  Association with mycorrhizae 
E)  Protection from UV radiation 
A)  The cuticle 
B)  Stomata 
C)  Gametangia 
D)  Association with mycorrhizae 
E)  Protection from UV radiation

Question 7

Soil formation on the early land masses was not helped by

Accepted Answer

A)  mycorrhizae. 
B)  growth of early land plants. 
C)  acids secreted by plants. 
D)  decomposition of plants. 
E)  the products of photosynthesis. 
A)  mycorrhizae. 
B)  growth of early land plants. 
C)  acids secreted by plants. 
D)  decomposition of plants. 
E)  the products of photosynthesis.

Question 8

Evolution of lignified cell walls contributed to the increased abilities of plants to

Accepted Answer

A)  disperse spores, grow tall, and compete for sunlight. 
B)  transport water, collect sunlight when shaded, and make spores. 
C)  make tracheids, stay buoyant in water, and disperse spores. 
D)  compete for sunlight, maintain a large gametophyte on land, and branch. 
E)  transport water, form branched gametophytes, and carry out photosynthesis. 
A)  disperse spores, grow tall, and compete for sunlight. 
B)  transport water, collect sunlight when shaded, and make spores. 
C)  make tracheids, stay buoyant in water, and disperse spores. 
D)  compete for sunlight, maintain a large gametophyte on land, and branch. 
E)  transport water, form branched gametophytes, and carry out photosynthesis.

Question 9

Algae

Accepted Answer

A)  are aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes. 
B)  are also known as streptophytes. 
C)  protect their embryos. 
D)  contain phycoerythrin in their cell walls. 
E)  were the earliest land plants. 
A)  are aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes. 
B)  are also known as streptophytes. 
C)  protect their embryos. 
D)  contain phycoerythrin in their cell walls. 
E)  were the earliest land plants.

Question 10

Refer to the figure.   Shown is an alga from the Rhodymenia genus.Based on its appearance, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  This alga uses chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin to obtain energy from the sun. 
B)  This alga uses chlorophyll b and phycoerythrin to obtain energy from the sun. 
C)  This alga uses phycoerythrin to obtain energy from the sun, which it uses to fix CO2 that is subsequently stored as starch. 
D)  This alga uses chlorophylls a and b to obtain energy from the sun. 
E)  This alga is filamentous and demonstrates apical growth. 
A)  This alga uses chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin to obtain energy from the sun. 
B)  This alga uses chlorophyll b and phycoerythrin to obtain energy from the sun. 
C)  This alga uses phycoerythrin to obtain energy from the sun, which it uses to fix CO2 that is subsequently stored as starch. 
D)  This alga uses chlorophylls a and b to obtain energy from the sun. 
E)  This alga is filamentous and demonstrates apical growth.

Question 11

Which clade is not considered a member of the "green plants"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embryophytes 
B)  Stoneworts 
C)  Chlorophytes 
D)  Glaucophytes 
E)  Coleochaetophytes 
A)  Embryophytes 
B)  Stoneworts 
C)  Chlorophytes 
D)  Glaucophytes 
E)  Coleochaetophytes

Question 12

"Green plants" include the algal groups of the _______ as well as the members of the streptophyte clade.Certain groups of the streptophyte clade share with land plants the trait of having cytoplasmic linkages called _______.In the past this synapomorphy led researchers to believe they shared a close evolutionary history.

Accepted Answer

chlorophyt

Question 13

The sporophyte of a vascular plant is nutritionally _______; the sporophyte of a nonvascular plant is nutritionally _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; independent 
C)  haploid; diploid 
D)  dependent; dependent 
E)  independent; dependent 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; independent 
C)  haploid; diploid 
D)  dependent; dependent 
E)  independent; dependent

Question 14

How does the alternation of generations of plants differ from the typical animal life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  In plants, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by mitosis rather than meiosis. 
B)  In plants, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis. 
C)  In plants, only the diploid stage of the life cycle includes multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis. 
D)  In animals, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by mitosis rather than meiosis. 
E)  In animals, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis. 
A)  In plants, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by mitosis rather than meiosis. 
B)  In plants, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis. 
C)  In plants, only the diploid stage of the life cycle includes multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis. 
D)  In animals, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by mitosis rather than meiosis. 
E)  In animals, the diploid and haploid stages of the life cycle both include multicellular individuals, and gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis.

Question 15

An antheridium is _______ and produces _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  diploid; spores 
B)  diploid; sperm 
C)  haploid; sperm 
D)  haploid; spores 
E)  haploid; an egg 
A)  diploid; spores 
B)  diploid; sperm 
C)  haploid; sperm 
D)  haploid; spores 
E)  haploid; an egg

Question 16

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant.   In a fern, the structure being formed at step C in the diagram would be

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller than the gametophyte and lack chloroplasts. 
B)  larger than the gametophyte and lack chloroplasts. 
C)  larger than the gametophyte and nutritionally independent. 
D)  smaller than the gametophyte and might or might not be nutritionally independent. 
E)  larger than and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. 
A)  smaller than the gametophyte and lack chloroplasts. 
B)  larger than the gametophyte and lack chloroplasts. 
C)  larger than the gametophyte and nutritionally independent. 
D)  smaller than the gametophyte and might or might not be nutritionally independent. 
E)  larger than and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.

Question 17

A megaspore is generally _______ a microspore.

Accepted Answer

A)  made before 
B)  more independent than 
C)  the same size as 
D)  smaller than 
E)  larger than 
A)  made before 
B)  more independent than 
C)  the same size as 
D)  smaller than 
E)  larger than

Question 18

Which statement about alternation of generations in land plants is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gametophyte produces haploid gametes by mitosis. 
B)  Diploid gametes fuse to form a zygote. 
C)  The sporophyte produces haploid spores by mitosis. 
D)  Spores germinate and divide by mitosis to form the diploid sporophyte. 
E)  The haploid zygote divides by mitosis to form the gametophyte. 
A)  The gametophyte produces haploid gametes by mitosis. 
B)  Diploid gametes fuse to form a zygote. 
C)  The sporophyte produces haploid spores by mitosis. 
D)  Spores germinate and divide by mitosis to form the diploid sporophyte. 
E)  The haploid zygote divides by mitosis to form the gametophyte.

Question 19

Refer to the figure.   Which of the taxa listed below fit the criteria of "land plants" in the diagram? Be sure to include all possible taxa in your answer.

A.Angiosperms
B.Horsetails
C.Bryophytes
D.Gymnosperms
E.Hornworts
F.Lycophytes
G.Monilophytes
H.Stoneworts

Accepted Answer

A)  A, B, D, F, G 
B)  B, C, E, H 
C)  A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H 
D)  F, G, H 
E)  A, B, C, D, E, F, G 
A)  A, B, D, F, G 
B)  B, C, E, H 
C)  A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H 
D)  F, G, H 
E)  A, B, C, D, E, F, G

Question 20

One important benefit of the evolution of xylem was the development of a mechanism for

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar transport. 
B)  sperm transport. 
C)  water retention. 
D)  rigid structural support. 
E)  increased gas exchange. 
A)  sugar transport. 
B)  sperm transport. 
C)  water retention. 
D)  rigid structural support. 
E)  increased gas exchange.

Exam 27: Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

Microphylls differ from megaphylls in that

Which statement about plant life cycles is true?

Your lab group is interested in exploring how the addition of agricultural runoff from a nearby dairy farm will affect the growth of a green algal species being investigated for biofuel production.Design an experiment that would reveal the effect this additive would have on algal growth.

Match the description below with the correct group of seedless vascular plants from the list that follows. They are sometimes called the scouring rushes because the silica deposits in their cell walls make them useful for cleaning; their reduced true leaves form distinct whorls around the stem.

In an attempt to classify an herbarium sample from the 1960s, you collect a small tissue plug and determine the sample has tracheids as well as silica.From this information you determine the specimen is a _______.

Which innovation in land plants addressed the challenges of reproduction rather than mere survival?

Soil formation on the early land masses was not helped by

Evolution of lignified cell walls contributed to the increased abilities of plants to

Algae

Refer to the figure. Shown is an alga from the Rhodymenia genus.Based on its appearance, which of the following is true?

Which clade is not considered a member of the "green plants"?

The sporophyte of a vascular plant is nutritionally _______; the sporophyte of a nonvascular plant is nutritionally _______.

How does the alternation of generations of plants differ from the typical animal life cycle?

An antheridium is _______ and produces _______.

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in the life cycle of a land plant. In a fern, the structure being formed at step C in the diagram would be

A megaspore is generally _______ a microspore.

Which statement about alternation of generations in land plants is true?

Refer to the figure. Which of the taxa listed below fit the criteria of "land plants" in the diagram? Be sure to include all possible taxa in your answer. A.Angiosperms B.Horsetails C.Bryophytes D.Gymnosperms E.Hornworts F.Lycophytes G.Monilophytes H.Stoneworts

One important benefit of the evolution of xylem was the development of a mechanism for

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The sporophyte of a vascular plant is nutritionally _; the sporophyte of a nonvascular plant is nutritionally _.

An antheridium is _ and produces _.