Question 1

Which characteristic represents an evolutionary link between the "green algae" and the land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of chlorophylls a and b 
B)  Active stomata 
C)  Protected embryos 
D)  Tracheids for water transport 
E)  Branched apical growth 
A)  Use of chlorophylls a and b 
B)  Active stomata 
C)  Protected embryos 
D)  Tracheids for water transport 
E)  Branched apical growth

Question 2

The sporophytes of the mosses and vascular plants grow by _______ cell division (a synapomorphy of these two groups), in which a region at the growing tip provides an organized pattern of cell division, elongation, and differentiation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sporophytes of the mosses and vascular...

Question 3

Hornworts can be distinguished from the other nonvascular plants by their

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple chloroplasts per cell and persistently green sporophyte. 
B)  internal cavity of mucilage and multiple chloroplasts per cell. 
C)  single chloroplast per cell and persistently green sporophyte. 
D)  persistently green gametophyte and single chloroplast per cell. 
E)  internal cavity of mucilage and persistently green gametophyte. 
A)  multiple chloroplasts per cell and persistently green sporophyte. 
B)  internal cavity of mucilage and multiple chloroplasts per cell. 
C)  single chloroplast per cell and persistently green sporophyte. 
D)  persistently green gametophyte and single chloroplast per cell. 
E)  internal cavity of mucilage and persistently green gametophyte.

Question 4

Discuss how the relationship between sporophytes and gametophytes is different in nonvascular plants than in seedless vascular plants.

Accepted Answer

Early nonvascular plants have reduced sp

Question 5

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in plants.   Which statement regarding a plant with this type of alternation of generations is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The megagametophyte and microgametophyte are found on the same individual. 
B)  The megaspores and microspores give rise to different individuals. 
C)  The microsporangia and megasporangia are on different individuals. 
D)  Megaspores and microspores are phenotypically identical. 
E)  The megagametophyte and microgametophyte are products of meiosis. 
A)  The megagametophyte and microgametophyte are found on the same individual. 
B)  The megaspores and microspores give rise to different individuals. 
C)  The microsporangia and megasporangia are on different individuals. 
D)  Megaspores and microspores are phenotypically identical. 
E)  The megagametophyte and microgametophyte are products of meiosis.

Question 6

True roots are a synapomorphy of which of the following groups of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bryophyta, hepatophyta, anthocerophyta 
B)  Rhyniophytes, bryophyta, lycophytes 
C)  Rhyniophytes, lycophytes, monilophytes, seed plants 
D)  Lycophytes, monilophytes, seed plants 
E)  Streptophytes, lycophytes, monilophytes 
A)  Bryophyta, hepatophyta, anthocerophyta 
B)  Rhyniophytes, bryophyta, lycophytes 
C)  Rhyniophytes, lycophytes, monilophytes, seed plants 
D)  Lycophytes, monilophytes, seed plants 
E)  Streptophytes, lycophytes, monilophytes

Question 7

The waxy coating on leaves that reduces evaporation of water from the plant body is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The waxy coating on leaves that reduces...

Question 8

Draw a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationships among the nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants.Label the major differentiating characteristics at each branch of your tree.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary...

Question 9

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are found on all seven continents.Their survival in harsh environments is aided by

Accepted Answer

A)  a thick cuticle. 
B)  tracheids. 
C)  long roots. 
D)  dispersal by fungi. 
E)  mycorrhizae. 
A)  a thick cuticle. 
B)  tracheids. 
C)  long roots. 
D)  dispersal by fungi. 
E)  mycorrhizae.

Question 10

Though resembling filamentous green algae, the _______ of mosses contains filaments that either are photosynthetic or can act to anchor the moss to a substrate.The latter are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Though resembling filamentous green algae, the _______...

Question 11

How would you determine whether an unknown plant stem had microphylls or small megaphylls?

Accepted Answer

A)  Examine the vascular system. If there is only one strand of vascular tissue, they are most likely microphylls. 
B)  Measure the length of the leaflike structures. If they are a centimeter or less in length, they are microphylls. 
C)  Examine the branching pattern. If it is dichotomous, they are most likely megaphylls. 
D)  Look for sporangia. If they are present, the leaflike structures are most likely microphylls. 
E)  Look for roots. If they are absent, the structures are most likely megaphylls. 
A)  Examine the vascular system. If there is only one strand of vascular tissue, they are most likely microphylls. 
B)  Measure the length of the leaflike structures. If they are a centimeter or less in length, they are microphylls. 
C)  Examine the branching pattern. If it is dichotomous, they are most likely megaphylls. 
D)  Look for sporangia. If they are present, the leaflike structures are most likely microphylls. 
E)  Look for roots. If they are absent, the structures are most likely megaphylls.

Question 12

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in plants.   This plant is _______ because it produces _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  heterosporous; separate male and female gametes 
B)  homosporous; separate types of gametophytes 
C)  heterosporous; two types of spores 
D)  homosporous; separate male and female gametes 
E)  homosporous, separate large and small spores 
A)  heterosporous; separate male and female gametes 
B)  homosporous; separate types of gametophytes 
C)  heterosporous; two types of spores 
D)  homosporous; separate male and female gametes 
E)  homosporous, separate large and small spores

Question 13

What feature is common to hydroids and tracheids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both conduct water and sugars. 
B)  Both have lignin in their cell walls. 
C)  Both are found in vascular plants. 
D)  Both conduct water. 
E)  Both are found in nonvascular plants. 
A)  Both conduct water and sugars. 
B)  Both have lignin in their cell walls. 
C)  Both are found in vascular plants. 
D)  Both conduct water. 
E)  Both are found in nonvascular plants.

Question 14

Lycophyte-fern forests arose in the Devonian period and persisted for _______ years.

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 
B)  2 million 
C)  200 million 
D)  600 million 
E)  2 billion 
A)  100,000 
B)  2 million 
C)  200 million 
D)  600 million 
E)  2 billion

Question 15

In a liverwort in nature, the larger, more visible plant is the _______, whereas in horsetails, the larger, more visible plant is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gametophyte; sporophyte 
B)  sporophyte; gametophyte 
C)  gametophyte; antheridium 
D)  sporophyte; antheridium 
E)  antheridium; archegonium 
A)  gametophyte; sporophyte 
B)  sporophyte; gametophyte 
C)  gametophyte; antheridium 
D)  sporophyte; antheridium 
E)  antheridium; archegonium

Question 16

Based on the figure below, which conclusion can you make about the evolution of vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monilophytes and seed plants can all be classified as euphyllophytes. 
B)  Production of seeds is a synapomorphy of vascular plants. 
C)  Mosses are the most ancient land plants. 
D)  Lycophytes are the ancestors of ferns. 
E)  Liverworts make up the sister group of vascular plants. 
A)  Monilophytes and seed plants can all be classified as euphyllophytes. 
B)  Production of seeds is a synapomorphy of vascular plants. 
C)  Mosses are the most ancient land plants. 
D)  Lycophytes are the ancestors of ferns. 
E)  Liverworts make up the sister group of vascular plants.

Question 17

These multicellular green algae grow in the form of an unbranched thallus and retain their eggs in the parental organism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Stoneworts 
E)  Coleochaetophytes 
A)  Liverworts 
B)  Hornworts 
C)  Mosses 
D)  Stoneworts 
E)  Coleochaetophytes

Question 18

_______ are believed to have evolved from sterile sporangia.Evidence that supports this claim includes the organization of the vasculature found in these structures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are believed to have evolved from...

Question 19

Refer to the figure.   The organism shown is thought to be similar in form to the ancestor of the Plantae.With this in mind, which description best summarizes the ancestor of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary endosymbiosis by a multicellular eukaryote resulted in the engulfment of a photosynthetic bacterium that over time became the chloroplast. 
B)  Primary endosymbiosis by a unicellular eukaryote resulted in the engulfment of a photosynthetic bacterium that over time became the chloroplast. 
C)  Plant ancestors contained two chloroplasts. 
D)  Plants evolved from a photosynthetic bacterium. 
E)  Endosymbiosis of a chloroplast by a nonphotosynthetic bacterium produced the ancestor of plants. 
A)  Primary endosymbiosis by a multicellular eukaryote resulted in the engulfment of a photosynthetic bacterium that over time became the chloroplast. 
B)  Primary endosymbiosis by a unicellular eukaryote resulted in the engulfment of a photosynthetic bacterium that over time became the chloroplast. 
C)  Plant ancestors contained two chloroplasts. 
D)  Plants evolved from a photosynthetic bacterium. 
E)  Endosymbiosis of a chloroplast by a nonphotosynthetic bacterium produced the ancestor of plants.

Question 20

The plants classified as embryophytes include which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red algae 
B)  Chlorophytes 
C)  Glaucophytes 
D)  Land plants 
E)  Coleochaetophytes 
A)  Red algae 
B)  Chlorophytes 
C)  Glaucophytes 
D)  Land plants 
E)  Coleochaetophytes

Exam 27: Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

Which characteristic represents an evolutionary link between the "green algae" and the land plants?

The sporophytes of the mosses and vascular plants grow by _______ cell division (a synapomorphy of these two groups), in which a region at the growing tip provides an organized pattern of cell division, elongation, and differentiation.

Hornworts can be distinguished from the other nonvascular plants by their

Discuss how the relationship between sporophytes and gametophytes is different in nonvascular plants than in seedless vascular plants.

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in plants. Which statement regarding a plant with this type of alternation of generations is true?

True roots are a synapomorphy of which of the following groups of plants?

The waxy coating on leaves that reduces evaporation of water from the plant body is called the _______.

Draw a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationships among the nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants.Label the major differentiating characteristics at each branch of your tree.

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are found on all seven continents.Their survival in harsh environments is aided by

Though resembling filamentous green algae, the _______ of mosses contains filaments that either are photosynthetic or can act to anchor the moss to a substrate.The latter are called _______.

How would you determine whether an unknown plant stem had microphylls or small megaphylls?

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in plants. This plant is _______ because it produces _______.

What feature is common to hydroids and tracheids?

Lycophyte-fern forests arose in the Devonian period and persisted for _______ years.

In a liverwort in nature, the larger, more visible plant is the _______, whereas in horsetails, the larger, more visible plant is the _______.

Based on the figure below, which conclusion can you make about the evolution of vascular plants?

These multicellular green algae grow in the form of an unbranched thallus and retain their eggs in the parental organism.

_______ are believed to have evolved from sterile sporangia.Evidence that supports this claim includes the organization of the vasculature found in these structures.

Refer to the figure. The organism shown is thought to be similar in form to the ancestor of the Plantae.With this in mind, which description best summarizes the ancestor of plants?

The plants classified as embryophytes include which of the following groups?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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Though resembling filamentous green algae, the _ of mosses contains filaments that either are photosynthetic or can act to anchor the moss to a substrate.The latter are called _.

Refer to the figure, which shows alternation of generations in plants. This plant is _ because it produces _.

In a liverwort in nature, the larger, more visible plant is the _, whereas in horsetails, the larger, more visible plant is the _.