Question 1

Under what circumstance would applications of the lineage species concept most face limitations?

Accepted Answer

A)  When studying asexual species of plants 
B)  When specimens have been collected under different environmental conditions 
C)  When determining the extent of divergence in DNA sequences necessary to determine whether different populations of salamanders should be considered one species or not 
D)  When determining the extent of reproductive isolation necessary to determine whether different populations of flies should be considered species. 
E)  When working with DNA collected from museum specimens of birds. 
A)  When studying asexual species of plants 
B)  When specimens have been collected under different environmental conditions 
C)  When determining the extent of divergence in DNA sequences necessary to determine whether different populations of salamanders should be considered one species or not 
D)  When determining the extent of reproductive isolation necessary to determine whether different populations of flies should be considered species. 
E)  When working with DNA collected from museum specimens of birds.

Question 2

Geographical isolation is strongly associated with the phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  allopolyploidy. 
E)  self-fertilization. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  allopolyploidy. 
E)  self-fertilization.

Question 3

Which statement about the Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single ancestral population is assumed to be subdivided into two descendent populations. 
B)  Descendent populations evolve independently, and an allele arises and becomes fixed in one of the descendent lineages. 
C)  An allele becomes fixed at a different gene locus in one population in comparison with the other population. 
D)  Independent lineages can hybridize, but the hybrid offspring that result are inferior or may die. 
E)  Genetic changes can occur only in a single lineage. 
A)  A single ancestral population is assumed to be subdivided into two descendent populations. 
B)  Descendent populations evolve independently, and an allele arises and becomes fixed in one of the descendent lineages. 
C)  An allele becomes fixed at a different gene locus in one population in comparison with the other population. 
D)  Independent lineages can hybridize, but the hybrid offspring that result are inferior or may die. 
E)  Genetic changes can occur only in a single lineage.

Question 4

Polyploidy is a phenomenon that most commonly occurs in

Accepted Answer

A)  mammals. 
B)  plants. 
C)  birds. 
D)  fish. 
E)  reptiles. 
A)  mammals. 
B)  plants. 
C)  birds. 
D)  fish. 
E)  reptiles.

Question 5

If allopatric speciation is the most prevalent mode of speciation, what do you predict about the geographic distributions of many closely related species? Would the mobility of the species affect this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Species that arise in allopatry initiall

Question 6

Which of the following is not a possible prezygotic mechanisms preventing hybridization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structural differences between male external reproductive organs in different species of millipedes 
B)  Differences in the timing of breeding seasons of male frogs 
C)  Differences in hunting grounds between two populations of snakes 
D)  Differences in courtship song between two populations of wrens 
E)  Failure of meiosis in hybrids formed between two populations of insects 
A)  Structural differences between male external reproductive organs in different species of millipedes 
B)  Differences in the timing of breeding seasons of male frogs 
C)  Differences in hunting grounds between two populations of snakes 
D)  Differences in courtship song between two populations of wrens 
E)  Failure of meiosis in hybrids formed between two populations of insects

Question 7

Which is not a postzygotic isolation mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abnormal meiosis following fertilization 
B)  Infertile hybrids 
C)  Reduced viability of hybrids 
D)  Abnormal mitosis following fertilization 
E)  Variation in mating pheromones 
A)  Abnormal meiosis following fertilization 
B)  Infertile hybrids 
C)  Reduced viability of hybrids 
D)  Abnormal mitosis following fertilization 
E)  Variation in mating pheromones

Question 8

The dominant mode of speciation in most groups of mobile animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric. 
B)  sympatric, due to disruptive selection. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  allopolyploidy. 
E)  not reliant on reproductive isolation. 
A)  allopatric. 
B)  sympatric, due to disruptive selection. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  allopolyploidy. 
E)  not reliant on reproductive isolation.

Question 9

In terms of their reproductive capacity, mules, which are hybrids between horses and donkeys, are a classic demonstration of hybrid _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of their reproductive capacity, mules,...

Question 10

A field contains two related species of flowering plants.Species A has a diploid chromosome number of 16, and species B has a diploid chromosome number of 18.If a third species arises as a result of hybridization between A and B, how many chromosomes will it have?

Accepted Answer

A)  17 
B)  32 
C)  34 
D)  36 
E)  68 
A)  17 
B)  32 
C)  34 
D)  36 
E)  68

Question 11

Hybrid offspring between two species of grasshoppers are at a significant fitness disadvantage compared with the pure species.The two species continue to hybridize at low to moderate levels and reinforcement does not take place.A likely event is thus the formation of a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hybrid offspring between two species of grasshoppers...

Question 12

Refer to the table.   The relationship between genetic divergence (in sequence divergence) and the extent of reproductive isolation is plotted for three lineages of frogs.Reproductive isolation is measured on a scale ranging from zero representing no isolation to one representing complete isolation.What would be the likely amount of reproductive isolation of frogs in lineage B that have diverged by 4 percent in DNA sequence based on the observed data?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.11 
B)  0.22 
C)  0.42 
D)  0.65 
E)  0.84 
A)  0.11 
B)  0.22 
C)  0.42 
D)  0.65 
E)  0.84

Question 13

In Levin's studies of reinforcement in Phlox, what result would have challenged the notion that reinforcement is occurring in the system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red flowers and pink flowers from P. drummondii producing about the same number of seeds when each is hybridized with P. cuspidata. 
B)  Red flowers from P. drummondii produce fewer seeds when hybridized with P. cuspidata than pink flowers from P. drummondii does when hybridized with P. cuspidata. 
C)  Mating calls of the allopatric population of P. drummondii more closely resembles the mating calls of P. cuspidata than they do the mating calls of the sympatric population of P. drummondii. 
D)  Mating calls of the sympatric population of P. drummondii more closely resembles the mating calls of P. cuspidata than they do the mating calls of the allopatric population of P. drummondii. 
E)  The mating calls of sympatric and allopatric populations of P. drummondii are very similar. 
A)  Red flowers and pink flowers from P. drummondii producing about the same number of seeds when each is hybridized with P. cuspidata. 
B)  Red flowers from P. drummondii produce fewer seeds when hybridized with P. cuspidata than pink flowers from P. drummondii does when hybridized with P. cuspidata. 
C)  Mating calls of the allopatric population of P. drummondii more closely resembles the mating calls of P. cuspidata than they do the mating calls of the sympatric population of P. drummondii. 
D)  Mating calls of the sympatric population of P. drummondii more closely resembles the mating calls of P. cuspidata than they do the mating calls of the allopatric population of P. drummondii. 
E)  The mating calls of sympatric and allopatric populations of P. drummondii are very similar.

Question 14

In Darwin's finches, differences in the shapes and sizes of the _______ are usually the most distinctive distinguishing feature of different species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Darwin's finches, differences in the shapes...

Question 15

Aquilegia formosa (columbine) flowers are normally pendant and pollinated by hummingbirds.A related species, A.pubescens, has flowers that are normally upright and pollinated by hawkmoths.Studies in which the flowers of A.formosa were turned upright and those of A.pubescens were turned downward showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrids rarely form between these species because the two species are not interfertile. 
B)  hawkmoths prefer one species over the other because of differences between the flowers in the color of light that they emit. 
C)  hawkmoths show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. formosa are turned upright. 
D)  hawkmoths show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. pubescens are turned downward. 
E)  hummingbirds show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. pubescens are turned downward. 
A)  hybrids rarely form between these species because the two species are not interfertile. 
B)  hawkmoths prefer one species over the other because of differences between the flowers in the color of light that they emit. 
C)  hawkmoths show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. formosa are turned upright. 
D)  hawkmoths show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. pubescens are turned downward. 
E)  hummingbirds show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. pubescens are turned downward.

Question 16

In the case of the Rhogeessa bats, different _______ of chromosomes interact in accordance with the Dobzhansky-Muller model to cause reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the case of the Rhogeessa bats,...

Question 17

The content of most standard field guides to identification of organisms reflects _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  the biological 
B)  the lineage 
C)  Mayr's 
D)  the ecological 
E)  the morphological 
A)  the biological 
B)  the lineage 
C)  Mayr's 
D)  the ecological 
E)  the morphological

Question 18

Which scenario describes a possible route to speciation by habitat isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sperm of one species do not attach to the eggs of another species. 
B)  The cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi develop feeding specializations in rocky versus sandy habitats. 
C)  Mallard ducks and black ducks hybridize in areas where they overlap. 
D)  Pendant flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds, while upright flowers are pollinated by moths. 
E)  One population of deer breeds in winter, while another breeds in fall. 
A)  The sperm of one species do not attach to the eggs of another species. 
B)  The cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi develop feeding specializations in rocky versus sandy habitats. 
C)  Mallard ducks and black ducks hybridize in areas where they overlap. 
D)  Pendant flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds, while upright flowers are pollinated by moths. 
E)  One population of deer breeds in winter, while another breeds in fall.

Question 19

Which statement about speciation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires geographic isolation. 
B)  Reproductive isolation requires geographic isolation. 
C)  It can occur with or without geographic isolation, but the speciation with geographic isolation is more common than that without. 
D)  It cannot result from chromosome duplication. 
E)  It can occur with or without geographic isolation, but the speciation with geographic isolation is less common than that without. 
A)  It requires geographic isolation. 
B)  Reproductive isolation requires geographic isolation. 
C)  It can occur with or without geographic isolation, but the speciation with geographic isolation is more common than that without. 
D)  It cannot result from chromosome duplication. 
E)  It can occur with or without geographic isolation, but the speciation with geographic isolation is less common than that without.

Question 20

Suppose allopatric speciation is the most prevalent mode of speciation.Under this condition, you would you expect many closely related species not to be found adjacent to one another

Accepted Answer

A)  if there were a lot of disruptive selection. 
B)  if disruptive selection was uncommon. 
C)  in highly mobile species. 
D)  in sedentary species. 
E)  in species that had many chromosomes. 
A)  if there were a lot of disruptive selection. 
B)  if disruptive selection was uncommon. 
C)  in highly mobile species. 
D)  in sedentary species. 
E)  in species that had many chromosomes.

Exam 22: Speciation

Under what circumstance would applications of the lineage species concept most face limitations?

Geographical isolation is strongly associated with the phenomenon known as

Which statement about the Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation statement is false?

Polyploidy is a phenomenon that most commonly occurs in

If allopatric speciation is the most prevalent mode of speciation, what do you predict about the geographic distributions of many closely related species? Would the mobility of the species affect this conclusion?

Which of the following is not a possible prezygotic mechanisms preventing hybridization?

Which is not a postzygotic isolation mechanism?

The dominant mode of speciation in most groups of mobile animals is

In terms of their reproductive capacity, mules, which are hybrids between horses and donkeys, are a classic demonstration of hybrid _______.

A field contains two related species of flowering plants.Species A has a diploid chromosome number of 16, and species B has a diploid chromosome number of 18.If a third species arises as a result of hybridization between A and B, how many chromosomes will it have?

Hybrid offspring between two species of grasshoppers are at a significant fitness disadvantage compared with the pure species.The two species continue to hybridize at low to moderate levels and reinforcement does not take place.A likely event is thus the formation of a _______.

In Levin's studies of reinforcement in Phlox, what result would have challenged the notion that reinforcement is occurring in the system?

In Darwin's finches, differences in the shapes and sizes of the _______ are usually the most distinctive distinguishing feature of different species.

In the case of the Rhogeessa bats, different _______ of chromosomes interact in accordance with the Dobzhansky-Muller model to cause reproductive isolation.

The content of most standard field guides to identification of organisms reflects _______ species concept.

Which scenario describes a possible route to speciation by habitat isolation?

Which statement about speciation is true?

Suppose allopatric speciation is the most prevalent mode of speciation.Under this condition, you would you expect many closely related species not to be found adjacent to one another

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