Question 1

The genetic changes in the Dobzhansky-Muller model can be structural changes as well as nucleotide changes.Studies from _______ best support this claim.

Accepted Answer

A)  bats in the genus Rhogeessa 
B)  flies in the genus Rhagoletis 
C)  Darwin's finches 
D)  plants in the genus Phlox 
E)  Hawaiian fruit flies 
A)  bats in the genus Rhogeessa 
B)  flies in the genus Rhagoletis 
C)  Darwin's finches 
D)  plants in the genus Phlox 
E)  Hawaiian fruit flies

Question 2

Natural selection

Accepted Answer

A)  directly favors the development of prezygotic barriers. 
B)  favors postzygotic barrier development. 
C)  can indirectly favor postzygotic barrier development. 
D)  can indirectly favor prezygotic barrier development through reinforcement. 
E)  has no effect on barriers to reproduction. 
A)  directly favors the development of prezygotic barriers. 
B)  favors postzygotic barrier development. 
C)  can indirectly favor postzygotic barrier development. 
D)  can indirectly favor prezygotic barrier development through reinforcement. 
E)  has no effect on barriers to reproduction.

Question 3

Refer to the table.   (In the table, the origin of the males is in the rows and the origin of the females is in the columns.)
In the eastern United States, populations of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, can be found almost continuously from Maine to Georgia.Suppose populations going south to north from Georgia, North Carolina, New Jersey, and Maine were collected.These populations were then crossed and the number of F1 hybrids that were viable and fertile were obtained as show in the table.Would these data change your mind about whether this is one species? Explain in terms of reproductive isolation, noting the type of isolation that is involved, if any.

Accepted Answer

The number of hybrids that are viable an

Question 4

In breeding sage grouse, males display for females in a mating arena called a lek.Females tend to prefer a small number of males, leading to highly skewed mating success for a few promiscuous males and reduced genetic variability in the population as a whole.In 2000, a new species of sage grouse (called Gunnison's Sage-Grouse) was declared.Relatively rapid speciation in sage grouse could have arisen because of

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual selection. 
B)  poor dispersal ability. 
C)  dietary specialization. 
D)  adaptation. 
E)  hybrid zones. 
A)  sexual selection. 
B)  poor dispersal ability. 
C)  dietary specialization. 
D)  adaptation. 
E)  hybrid zones.

Question 5

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.Which genotype has high fitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  AaBB 
B)  aaBB 
C)  AaBb 
D)  AABB 
E)  AABb 
A)  AaBB 
B)  aaBB 
C)  AaBb 
D)  AABB 
E)  AABb

Question 6

The evolution of chromosomal rearrangements in Rhogeessa bats supports the role of _______ in speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Dobzhansky-Muller model 
B)  autopolyploidy 
C)  chromosome duplication 
D)  gametic isolation 
E)  genetic convergence 
A)  the Dobzhansky-Muller model 
B)  autopolyploidy 
C)  chromosome duplication 
D)  gametic isolation 
E)  genetic convergence

Question 7

You are a biologist going to an island that few scientists have studied.You will most likely be able to first distinguish new species based on the _______ species concept.Having a computer and rudimentary lab permits you to analyze DNA samples collected and compare them with known species.This will allow you to also make inferences about species based on a _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological; lineage 
B)  biological; morphological 
C)  morphological; biological 
D)  morphological; lineage 
E)  lineage; biological 
A)  biological; lineage 
B)  biological; morphological 
C)  morphological; biological 
D)  morphological; lineage 
E)  lineage; biological

Question 8

Silene is a genus of plants in the Caryophyllaceae.Many species of this plant have separate male and female individuals.Two populations may have evolved reproductive isolation.Which method would best determine if they exhibit temporal isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Examine the pollen and ovules of the different populations in the lab. If pollen of one population fertilizes the ovules of the other with high success, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
B)  Examine the pollen and ovules of the different populations in the lab. If pollen of one population fertilizes the ovules of the other with low success, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
C)  Examine when each population flowers. If they do so around the same time, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
D)  Examine when each population flowers. If they do so at different times, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
E)  Examine the soil type in which individuals from both populations grow best. If the ideal soil type differs, then they have temporal isolation. 
A)  Examine the pollen and ovules of the different populations in the lab. If pollen of one population fertilizes the ovules of the other with high success, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
B)  Examine the pollen and ovules of the different populations in the lab. If pollen of one population fertilizes the ovules of the other with low success, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
C)  Examine when each population flowers. If they do so around the same time, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
D)  Examine when each population flowers. If they do so at different times, then they likely have temporal isolation. 
E)  Examine the soil type in which individuals from both populations grow best. If the ideal soil type differs, then they have temporal isolation.

Question 9

Refer to the figure   The figure shows two species, a fire-bellied toad and yellow-bellied toad, which occupy different areas of Europe.A small area of overlap between these regions constitutes a hybrid zone.If individuals from the two populations overcome prezygotic reproductive barriers, additional postzygotic barriers may prevent the formation of stable hybrids.Identify two reasons why the hybrid zone between B.bombina and B.variegata is so narrow.What would likely happen if the hybrids became somewhat more fit?

Accepted Answer

It is narrow because the adult

Question 10

The wheat that we commonly eat is hexaploid, derived from a cross between two distinct species, one a diploid and one a tetraploid.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  the Dobzhansky-Muller model. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  allopolyploidy. 
E)  adaptive polyploidy. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  the Dobzhansky-Muller model. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  allopolyploidy. 
E)  adaptive polyploidy.

Question 11

The genes F and G act in accordance with the Dobzhansky-Muller model, leading to sterility in hybrids between two species of monkeyflowers.Any combination of the F1 and the G2 alleles causes hybrids to be sterile.Based on the Dobzhansky-Muller model, which genotype was the ancestor of the two species unlikely to have?

Accepted Answer

A)  F1F1; G1G1 
B)  F1F1; G2G2 
C)  F0F0; G2G2 
D)  F2F2; G0G0 
E)  F2F2; G2G2 
A)  F1F1; G1G1 
B)  F1F1; G2G2 
C)  F0F0; G2G2 
D)  F2F2; G0G0 
E)  F2F2; G2G2

Question 12

In what way is reproductive isolation generally related to genetic divergence between newly forming species?

Accepted Answer

A)  As genetic divergence increases, reproductive isolation increases 
B)  Reproductive isolation is independent of genetic divergence 
C)  As genetic divergence increases, reproductive isolation remains the same. 
D)  As reproductive isolation decreases, genetic divergence increases 
E)  Genetic divergence is independent of reproductive isolation 
A)  As genetic divergence increases, reproductive isolation increases 
B)  Reproductive isolation is independent of genetic divergence 
C)  As genetic divergence increases, reproductive isolation remains the same. 
D)  As reproductive isolation decreases, genetic divergence increases 
E)  Genetic divergence is independent of reproductive isolation

Question 13

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.
Does the genotype aaBb have reduced fitness? Explain.

Accepted Answer

This genotype does n

Question 14

Refer to the figure showing the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.   The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.From this, we can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  the combination of a single A and a single B will reduce fitness. 
B)  the combination of a single a and a single b will reduce fitness. 
C)  BB will have low fitness irrespective of the genotype at locus A. 
D)  individuals that are AA will have low fitness irrespective of the genotype at locus B. 
E)  individuals that are bb will have low fitness irrespective of the genotype at locus A. 
A)  the combination of a single A and a single B will reduce fitness. 
B)  the combination of a single a and a single b will reduce fitness. 
C)  BB will have low fitness irrespective of the genotype at locus A. 
D)  individuals that are AA will have low fitness irrespective of the genotype at locus B. 
E)  individuals that are bb will have low fitness irrespective of the genotype at locus A.

Question 15

Refer to the table.   Certain populations of a copepod (a planktonic crustacean) may be reproductively isolated, even though females will mate with any male.Here three females from one of the populations are placed with three males from another.The diagonals represent crosses made between males and females of the same population.The numbers of offspring produced are listed in the table.Population 4 shows reproductive isolation from population _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the table.   Certain...

Question 16

Refer to the table.   The relationship between genetic divergence (in sequence divergence) and the extent of reproductive isolation is plotted for three lineages of frogs.Reproductive isolation is measured on a scale ranging from zero representing no isolation to 1 representing complete isolation.Reproductive isolation is accumulating more or less linearly with genetic distance in lineage _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the table.   The...

Question 17

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.Does the genotype AaBB have reduced fitness? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Because the F1 individuals hav

Question 18

Ginkgo trees grow in Asia and North America and thus are divided into two groups that are geographically separated.Mayr's framing of the biological species concept would classify these populations as belonging to the same species because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are reproductively isolated. 
B)  are potentially capable of exchanging genes. 
C)  exchange genes across the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  have different evolutionary ancestries. 
E)  have formed a large hybrid zone. 
A)  are reproductively isolated. 
B)  are potentially capable of exchanging genes. 
C)  exchange genes across the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  have different evolutionary ancestries. 
E)  have formed a large hybrid zone.

Question 19

Hawaiian honeycreepers (birds), consisting of 50 species, some of which are now extinct, represent a much more diverse lineage than Hawaiian thrushes.Honey creepers have a remarkable variation in bill morphology, whereas Hawaiian thrushes exhibit far less morphological variation.Bill morphology is strongly linked to the resources available for these birds to eat.This suggests that _______ in honey creepers may have occurred as a result of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual dimorphism; leks 
B)  allopatric speciation; hybrid zones 
C)  sexual selection; monogamous pair bonds 
D)  adaptive radiation; dietary specialization 
E)  adaptive radiation; poor dispersal ability 
A)  sexual dimorphism; leks 
B)  allopatric speciation; hybrid zones 
C)  sexual selection; monogamous pair bonds 
D)  adaptive radiation; dietary specialization 
E)  adaptive radiation; poor dispersal ability

Question 20

Which statement about speciation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wind-pollinated plants typically have higher speciation rates than animal-pollinated plants. 
B)  Species that disperse widely have higher speciation rates than those with limited dispersal. 
C)  Sexual selection seems to decrease speciation rates. 
D)  Herbivorous insects typically have higher speciation rates compared with insects that prey on other insects. 
E)  Dimorphic birds have lower speciation rates than monomorphic birds. 
A)  Wind-pollinated plants typically have higher speciation rates than animal-pollinated plants. 
B)  Species that disperse widely have higher speciation rates than those with limited dispersal. 
C)  Sexual selection seems to decrease speciation rates. 
D)  Herbivorous insects typically have higher speciation rates compared with insects that prey on other insects. 
E)  Dimorphic birds have lower speciation rates than monomorphic birds.

Exam 22: Speciation

The genetic changes in the Dobzhansky-Muller model can be structural changes as well as nucleotide changes.Studies from _______ best support this claim.

Natural selection

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.Which genotype has high fitness?

The evolution of chromosomal rearrangements in Rhogeessa bats supports the role of _______ in speciation.

Silene is a genus of plants in the Caryophyllaceae.Many species of this plant have separate male and female individuals.Two populations may have evolved reproductive isolation.Which method would best determine if they exhibit temporal isolation?

The wheat that we commonly eat is hexaploid, derived from a cross between two distinct species, one a diploid and one a tetraploid.This is an example of

In what way is reproductive isolation generally related to genetic divergence between newly forming species?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness. Does the genotype aaBb have reduced fitness? Explain.

Refer to the figure showing the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation. The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.From this, we can conclude that

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.Does the genotype AaBB have reduced fitness? Explain.

Ginkgo trees grow in Asia and North America and thus are divided into two groups that are geographically separated.Mayr's framing of the biological species concept would classify these populations as belonging to the same species because they

Which statement about speciation is true?

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Filters

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F₁ hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.Which genotype has high fitness?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F₁ hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness. Does the genotype aaBb have reduced fitness? Explain.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation.The F₁ hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness.Does the genotype AaBB have reduced fitness? Explain.