Exam 22: Speciation

Two populations of snails are allopatric, living in areas that have different compositions of soil types.The snails live in soil and are not very mobile.Researchers are interested in whether the populations have acquired different types of reproductive isolation.Which method would be best to determine if they exhibit temporal isolation?

The proliferation of a large number of daughter species from a single ancestor is known as

Along the border of France and Italy, there are two different forms of a grasshopper species that differ by one chromosomal rearrangement.When the two forms interbreed, they produce a good number of offspring, but their offspring have lower survival when they reach adulthood than if the two forms interbreed strictly among themselves.This is an example of

The apple and the hawthorn groups of Rhagoletis flies display both behavioral and _______ isolation.

Silene is a genus of plants in the Caryophyllaceae.Many species of this plant have separate male and female individuals.Two populations may have evolved reproductive isolation.Which method would best determine if they exhibit habitat isolation?

Which adaptation is not found among any of the species of Darwin's finches?

Two species of crickets have partially overlapping ranges, in which hybrids are never found.Individuals-whether taken from overlapping areas or from non-overlapping areas-will rarely mate in the lab, because the females reject the songs sung by males of the other species.Of the few hybrids that are produced in lab crosses, all have low viability.The two cricket species described exhibit _______.

A species of flies living in the same geographic region has one phenotype/subpopulation with a preference for cherries and another phenotype/ subpopulation with a preference for walnuts.They are partially reproductively isolated because the insects emerge from their pupae at different times of the year.This species appears to be on its way toward

Which of the following is a prezygotic isolating mechanism?

The _______ species concept holds that species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Crosses between the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T.freemani result in large numbers of hybrids that survive, but are sterile.This is an example of

In an area in Europe where the fire-bellied toad overlaps and breeds with the yellow-bellied toad, hybrid offspring-believed to have existed there for centuries-exhibit abnormalities such as misshapen mouths, fused vertebrae, and fewer than normal vertebrae.Hybrid survival is low compared with purebred individuals.This scenario illustrates the concept of

Which statement best explains why the Hawaiian silverswords underwent an adaptive radiation and the mainland tarweeds did not?

Which statement best supports all three species concepts?

The morphological species concept is defined by a group of organisms

Suppose one incipient species of beetle prefers to live and mate in grassy areas and its sibling incipient species prefers sandy soils.This is an example of _______ isolation, and is a form of _______ zygotic isolation.

Which statement about polyploidy in plants is false?

The sperm of one species of fish is chemically incompatible with the eggs of a closely related species.This type of reproductive isolating barrier is called

Rank the following isolating mechanisms with respect to their time of occurrence in the life cycle, from earliest to latest.

Ernst Mayr's definition of biological species