Question 1

Which is the correct pairing of phase of respiration and description in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhalation: passive process 
B)  Inhalation: diaphragm relaxes 
C)  Exhalation: thoracic cavity decreases in size 
D)  Exhalation: active process when person is at rest 
E)  Inhalation: intrapleural pressure becomes less negative 
A)  Inhalation: passive process 
B)  Inhalation: diaphragm relaxes 
C)  Exhalation: thoracic cavity decreases in size 
D)  Exhalation: active process when person is at rest 
E)  Inhalation: intrapleural pressure becomes less negative

Question 2

A patient who has smoked her entire adult life is diagnosed with severe emphysema.In measuring her lung ventilation, it was determined that the tidal volume of her lungs is 0.6 liter, her inspiratory reserve volume is 0.5 liter, her vital capacity is 1.5 liters, and her residual volume is 4.5 liters.What is her total lung capacity? Which of these volumes is larger than what you would find in a healthy person?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 liters; her residual volume is slightly larger than normal 
B)  4.5 liters; her total lung capacity is much larger than normal 
C)  6 liters; her residual volume is much larger than normal 
D)  6.5 liters; her total lung capacity is slightly larger than normal 
E)  7 liters; her residual volume is much larger than normal 
A)  2.5 liters; her residual volume is slightly larger than normal 
B)  4.5 liters; her total lung capacity is much larger than normal 
C)  6 liters; her residual volume is much larger than normal 
D)  6.5 liters; her total lung capacity is slightly larger than normal 
E)  7 liters; her residual volume is much larger than normal

Question 3

Which statement on perfusion or ventilation in humans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perfusion delivers O2 to the exchange surface. 
B)  Perfusion carries away CO2 that has diffused across the exchange surface. 
C)  Ventilation delivers O2 to the environmental side of the exchange surface. 
D)  During exhalation, alveolar and pleural cavity pressure rise and become positive. 
E)  Ventilation carries away O2 that has diffused across the exchange surface. 
A)  Perfusion delivers O2 to the exchange surface. 
B)  Perfusion carries away CO2 that has diffused across the exchange surface. 
C)  Ventilation delivers O2 to the environmental side of the exchange surface. 
D)  During exhalation, alveolar and pleural cavity pressure rise and become positive. 
E)  Ventilation carries away O2 that has diffused across the exchange surface.

Question 4

To maximize exchange of respiratory gases, an animal's adaptations should minimize the

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion path length. 
B)  partial pressure difference driving diffusion. 
C)  surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  diffusion occurring in air. 
E)  diffusion occurring in air at high temperatures. 
A)  diffusion path length. 
B)  partial pressure difference driving diffusion. 
C)  surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  diffusion occurring in air. 
E)  diffusion occurring in air at high temperatures.

Question 5

Each molecule of hemoglobin, when fully saturated, carries _______ molecule(s) of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  20 
E)  nearly 100 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  20 
E)  nearly 100

Question 6

If the thoracic wall is punctured, air leaking in will cause the lung to collapse.Thus in the normal, intact thoracic cavity,

Accepted Answer

A)  lung expansion is passive. 
B)  air pressure is the same as it is on the outside. 
C)  a slight negative pressure in the pleural cavity keeps the alveoli partly inflated. 
D)  inhalation decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
E)  increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases the tension between the pleural membranes lining the thoracic cavity. 
A)  lung expansion is passive. 
B)  air pressure is the same as it is on the outside. 
C)  a slight negative pressure in the pleural cavity keeps the alveoli partly inflated. 
D)  inhalation decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
E)  increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases the tension between the pleural membranes lining the thoracic cavity.

Question 7

Hemoglobin consists of _______ polypeptide subunits linked together.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hemoglobin consists of _______ polypeptide subunits linked...

Question 8

Oxygen exchange in water is limited by _______ diffusion rate and _______ oxygen content, especially in _______ water temperatures.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; low; higher 
B)  low; low; lower 
C)  high; high; higher 
D)  high; low; lower 
E)  low; high; higher 
A)  low; low; higher 
B)  low; low; lower 
C)  high; high; higher 
D)  high; low; lower 
E)  low; high; higher

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing oxygen consumption of an organism relative to water temperature.   The organism represented by blue line 1 could be a(n) _______, and the organism represented by blue line 2 could be a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  resting fish; active fish 
B)  active fish; resting fish 
C)  resting seal; active seal 
D)  active seal; resting seal 
E)  fish; seal 
A)  resting fish; active fish 
B)  active fish; resting fish 
C)  resting seal; active seal 
D)  active seal; resting seal 
E)  fish; seal

Question 10

By being aquatic, _______ are in a double bind, because their demand for oxygen increases as the temperature of their water environment increases, but the oxygen content of water declines with increasing water temperatures.

Accepted Answer

A)  seals 
B)  fish 
C)  whales 
D)  aquatic birds 
E)  alligators 
A)  seals 
B)  fish 
C)  whales 
D)  aquatic birds 
E)  alligators

Question 11

Refer to the figure.   Which curve represents alveolar pressure and which represents pleural cavity pressure? At what point in the breathing cycle is the pleural cavity pressure decreasing while the alveolar pressure is increasing?

Accepted Answer

Curve A represents the alveolar pressure

Question 12

Which feature characterizes hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a lead-containing molecule in the red blood cells of vertebrates that transports O2. 
B)  It can bind up to six O2 molecules. 
C)  It consists of two polypeptide subunits. 
D)  Its capacity for transporting O2 is slightly less than that of plasma. 
E)  It binds carbon monoxide (CO) much more readily than it binds O2. 
A)  It is a lead-containing molecule in the red blood cells of vertebrates that transports O2. 
B)  It can bind up to six O2 molecules. 
C)  It consists of two polypeptide subunits. 
D)  Its capacity for transporting O2 is slightly less than that of plasma. 
E)  It binds carbon monoxide (CO) much more readily than it binds O2.

Question 13

Mammalian lungs have two adaptive features: the production of mucus and _______, a substance that reduces the surface tension of the liquid lining the insides of the alveoli.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mammalian lungs have two adaptive features: the...

Question 14

What is the correct pairing of measurement and definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inspiratory reserve volume: amount of air that is inhaled in a normal breath 
B)  Vital capacity: maximum capacity for air exchange in one breath 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume: amount of air that is exhaled in a normal breath 
D)  Total lung capacity: vital capacity minus residual volume 
E)  Tidal volume: amount of air that can be inhaled when breathing in as much as possible 
A)  Inspiratory reserve volume: amount of air that is inhaled in a normal breath 
B)  Vital capacity: maximum capacity for air exchange in one breath 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume: amount of air that is exhaled in a normal breath 
D)  Total lung capacity: vital capacity minus residual volume 
E)  Tidal volume: amount of air that can be inhaled when breathing in as much as possible

Question 15

Refer to the figure showing a variety of animals.   Which organism requires ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with a medium containing O2, but does not require perfusion of its respiratory surfaces with blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing the respiratory system in birds.   Based on the figure, which statement about the air sacs of birds is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most air enters the lungs having by-passed the air sacs. 
B)  They are primarily unpaired. 
C)  They provide an extra gas exchange surface. 
D)  Air flows from the posterior air sacs into the lungs. 
E)  Only the posterior air sacs are connected to the lungs. 
A)  Most air enters the lungs having by-passed the air sacs. 
B)  They are primarily unpaired. 
C)  They provide an extra gas exchange surface. 
D)  Air flows from the posterior air sacs into the lungs. 
E)  Only the posterior air sacs are connected to the lungs.

Question 17

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg, and oxygen makes up 20.9% of this air when the air is dry.Scientists at a Mount Everest base camp measured the atmospheric pressure there as 400 mm Hg.When the air is dry, the partial pressure of oxygen at this base camp is approximately _______ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  21 
B)  40 
C)  84 
D)  160 
E)  400 
A)  21 
B)  40 
C)  84 
D)  160 
E)  400

Question 18

An unusual feature of the lungs of _______ is that they expand and contract relatively little during a breathing cycle.They also contract during inhalation and expand during exhalation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An unusual feature of the lungs of...

Question 19

For air-breathing animals, there is always a _______ concentration gradient for diffusion of CO2 from the _______ to the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  small; body; environment 
B)  large; environment; body 
C)  large; body; environment 
D)  small; environment; body 
E)  changing; body; environment 
A)  small; body; environment 
B)  large; environment; body 
C)  large; body; environment 
D)  small; environment; body 
E)  changing; body; environment

Question 20

Which statement about lung ventilation in humans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lung deflation requires sufficient force to overcome the elasticity of lung tissue and the surface tension in the alveoli. 
B)  When stretched, certain cells within the alveoli release surfactant. 
C)  Surfactant increases the surface tension of a liquid. 
D)  Surface tension results from the attractive forces between air and water molecules. 
E)  Premature babies suffer from respiratory distress syndrome because cells in their alveoli produce too much surfactant, which clogs the lungs. 
A)  Lung deflation requires sufficient force to overcome the elasticity of lung tissue and the surface tension in the alveoli. 
B)  When stretched, certain cells within the alveoli release surfactant. 
C)  Surfactant increases the surface tension of a liquid. 
D)  Surface tension results from the attractive forces between air and water molecules. 
E)  Premature babies suffer from respiratory distress syndrome because cells in their alveoli produce too much surfactant, which clogs the lungs.

Exam 48: Gas Exchange

Which is the correct pairing of phase of respiration and description in humans?

Which statement on perfusion or ventilation in humans is true?

To maximize exchange of respiratory gases, an animal's adaptations should minimize the

Each molecule of hemoglobin, when fully saturated, carries _______ molecule(s) of oxygen.

If the thoracic wall is punctured, air leaking in will cause the lung to collapse.Thus in the normal, intact thoracic cavity,

Hemoglobin consists of _______ polypeptide subunits linked together.

Oxygen exchange in water is limited by _______ diffusion rate and _______ oxygen content, especially in _______ water temperatures.

Refer to the figure showing oxygen consumption of an organism relative to water temperature. The organism represented by blue line 1 could be a(n) _______, and the organism represented by blue line 2 could be a(n) _______.

By being aquatic, _______ are in a double bind, because their demand for oxygen increases as the temperature of their water environment increases, but the oxygen content of water declines with increasing water temperatures.

Refer to the figure. Which curve represents alveolar pressure and which represents pleural cavity pressure? At what point in the breathing cycle is the pleural cavity pressure decreasing while the alveolar pressure is increasing?

Which feature characterizes hemoglobin?

Mammalian lungs have two adaptive features: the production of mucus and _______, a substance that reduces the surface tension of the liquid lining the insides of the alveoli.

What is the correct pairing of measurement and definition?

Refer to the figure showing a variety of animals. Which organism requires ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with a medium containing O2, but does not require perfusion of its respiratory surfaces with blood?

Refer to the figure showing the respiratory system in birds. Based on the figure, which statement about the air sacs of birds is true?

An unusual feature of the lungs of _______ is that they expand and contract relatively little during a breathing cycle.They also contract during inhalation and expand during exhalation.

For air-breathing animals, there is always a _______ concentration gradient for diffusion of CO2 from the _______ to the _______.

Which statement about lung ventilation in humans is true?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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A Changing Biosphere

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Oxygen exchange in water is limited by ___ diffusion rate and _ oxygen content, especially in _____ water temperatures.

Refer to the figure showing oxygen consumption of an organism relative to water temperature. The organism represented by blue line 1 could be a(n) _, and the organism represented by blue line 2 could be a(n) _.

Refer to the figure showing a variety of animals. Which organism requires ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with a medium containing O₂, but does not require perfusion of its respiratory surfaces with blood?

For air-breathing animals, there is always a ___ concentration gradient for diffusion of CO₂ from the _ to the _____.