Question 1

Which process regularly exposes a respiratory membrane to maximum O2 and minimum CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perfusion 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Respiration 
D)  Ventilation 
E)  Exhalation 
A)  Perfusion 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Respiration 
D)  Ventilation 
E)  Exhalation

Question 2

Neural control of breathing is a function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum. 
B)  diaphragm. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  olfactory lobe. 
E)  spinal cord. 
A)  cerebellum. 
B)  diaphragm. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  olfactory lobe. 
E)  spinal cord.

Question 3

Which structure is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveoli 
B)  Bronchi 
C)  Bronchioles 
D)  Trachea 
E)  Larynx 
A)  Alveoli 
B)  Bronchi 
C)  Bronchioles 
D)  Trachea 
E)  Larynx

Question 4

Which feature characterizes a gas in solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its concentration is the same as its partial pressure. 
B)  Its amount in solution depends solely on its solubility in that solution. 
C)  Its amount in solution depends solely on its partial pressure in the liquid phase. 
D)  Its solubility is independent of temperature. 
E)  Its amount in solution depends on its partial pressure in the gas phase in contact with the liquid and on its solubility in the liquid. 
A)  Its concentration is the same as its partial pressure. 
B)  Its amount in solution depends solely on its solubility in that solution. 
C)  Its amount in solution depends solely on its partial pressure in the liquid phase. 
D)  Its solubility is independent of temperature. 
E)  Its amount in solution depends on its partial pressure in the gas phase in contact with the liquid and on its solubility in the liquid.

Question 5

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human.   Based on the graph, an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO2 increases a person's ventilation rate more than a(n) _______ in arterial partial pressure of O2.

Accepted Answer

Question 6

Refer to the graph showing a spirometer tracing.   Suppose that you have been resting on the couch while watching a 30-minute TV show; you test your airflow with a spirometer and record the tracing shown in the graph.From this, you see that while you are breathing normally without added effort, you are moving approximately _______ of air into your lungs when you breathe in (inhale) and approximately _______ of air out of your lungs when you breathe out (exhale).

Accepted Answer

A)  less than a half liter; more than a half liter 
B)  more than a half liter; less than a half liter 
C)  slightly more than a half liter; slightly more than a half liter 
D)  slightly more than a liter; less than a liter 
E)  slightly more than a liter; slightly more than a liter 
A)  less than a half liter; more than a half liter 
B)  more than a half liter; less than a half liter 
C)  slightly more than a half liter; slightly more than a half liter 
D)  slightly more than a liter; less than a liter 
E)  slightly more than a liter; slightly more than a liter

Question 7

The solubility of oxygen in water _______ as the temperature of water _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases; decreases 
B)  remains the same; decreases 
C)  increases; decreases 
D)  remains the same; increases 
E)  decreases; remains the same 
A)  decreases; decreases 
B)  remains the same; decreases 
C)  increases; decreases 
D)  remains the same; increases 
E)  decreases; remains the same

Question 8

The shape of the O2-binding/dissociation curve of hemoglobin is _______.

Accepted Answer

Question 9

When humans take short trips to places of high altitude, their hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

A)  is more saturated with O2 than it was at lower altitudes. 
B)  delivers more O2 to tissues as the level of BPG increases. 
C)  quickly becomes more concentrated in red blood cells than it was at lower altitudes. 
D)  shifts its O2-binding/dissociation curve to the left. 
E)  resembles fetal hemoglobin in terms of its O2-binding function. 
A)  is more saturated with O2 than it was at lower altitudes. 
B)  delivers more O2 to tissues as the level of BPG increases. 
C)  quickly becomes more concentrated in red blood cells than it was at lower altitudes. 
D)  shifts its O2-binding/dissociation curve to the left. 
E)  resembles fetal hemoglobin in terms of its O2-binding function.

Question 10

The level of _______ in the blood controls the breathing rate of humans via changes in pH.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  sodium 
C)  nutrients 
D)  O2 
E)  iron 
A)  CO2 
B)  sodium 
C)  nutrients 
D)  O2 
E)  iron

Question 11

Which part of the blood is most efficient at carrying oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood plasma solution 
B)  Blood plasma proteins 
C)  Blood platelets 
D)  Membrane molecules of red blood cells 
E)  Hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells 
A)  Blood plasma solution 
B)  Blood plasma proteins 
C)  Blood platelets 
D)  Membrane molecules of red blood cells 
E)  Hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells

Question 12

Which is a reason that diffusion of CO2 from an animal is less problematic than diffusion of O2 into an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 is less soluble in water than O2 is. 
B)  Cellular respiration produces less CO2 than the O2 that is consumed. 
C)  The CO2 content of air is higher than the O2 content. 
D)  The atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 is negligible compared to the atmospheric partial pressure of O2. 
E)  There is less of a concentration gradient between the cell and the atmosphere for CO2 than for O2. 
A)  CO2 is less soluble in water than O2 is. 
B)  Cellular respiration produces less CO2 than the O2 that is consumed. 
C)  The CO2 content of air is higher than the O2 content. 
D)  The atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 is negligible compared to the atmospheric partial pressure of O2. 
E)  There is less of a concentration gradient between the cell and the atmosphere for CO2 than for O2.

Question 13

Which statement about the binding of oxygen by hemoglobin is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The percentage of completely O2-saturated hemoglobin decreases as PO2 increases. 
B)  The O2-binding/dissociation curve is U-shaped. 
C)  Over the full length of the O2-binding/dissociation curve, O2 dissociation-association is rapid. 
D)  A very low PO2 is required for all four hemoglobin subunits to bind to O2. 
E)  Once one subunit of hemoglobin binds to O2, the affinity of the remaining subunits for their O2 increases until three O2 are bound. 
A)  The percentage of completely O2-saturated hemoglobin decreases as PO2 increases. 
B)  The O2-binding/dissociation curve is U-shaped. 
C)  Over the full length of the O2-binding/dissociation curve, O2 dissociation-association is rapid. 
D)  A very low PO2 is required for all four hemoglobin subunits to bind to O2. 
E)  Once one subunit of hemoglobin binds to O2, the affinity of the remaining subunits for their O2 increases until three O2 are bound.

Question 14

Antarctic icefish lack both red blood cells and hemoglobin.Scientists are worried that as global climate change warms the Southern (Antarctic) Ocean, these fish will not survive.Why is it likely that Antarctic icefish will not survive in warmer water?

Accepted Answer

Without the advantage of hemoglobin to c

Question 15

In analyzing a drop of blood from a capillary leaving a muscle in a person, a researcher finds that most of the CO2 is in the form of _______ carried in the plasma.

Accepted Answer

Question 16

The barometric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg.Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg.The partial pressure of O2 in Antonito's air is therefore approximately _______ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  21 
B)  75 
C)  76 
D)  126 
E)  160 
A)  21 
B)  75 
C)  76 
D)  126 
E)  160

Question 17

When you are lying on the couch, resting, the blood going from your heart to your lungs is approximately _______ % saturated with oxygen.When you are running fast on a treadmill, _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  0; your active muscles extract most of the oxygen bound to hemoglobin 
B)  25; your active muscles extract all the oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin 
C)  50; the partial pressure of oxygen in your active muscles is high, causing most bound oxygen to be released from hemoglobin in these tissues 
D)  75; the lower partial pressure of oxygen in your active muscles causes hemoglobin to release more bound oxygen to these tissues 
E)  100; the partial pressure of oxygen in your blood falls below 40 mm Hg 
A)  0; your active muscles extract most of the oxygen bound to hemoglobin 
B)  25; your active muscles extract all the oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin 
C)  50; the partial pressure of oxygen in your active muscles is high, causing most bound oxygen to be released from hemoglobin in these tissues 
D)  75; the lower partial pressure of oxygen in your active muscles causes hemoglobin to release more bound oxygen to these tissues 
E)  100; the partial pressure of oxygen in your blood falls below 40 mm Hg

Question 18

While a runner rests before a race, the hemoglobin in the blood returning to her heart is 75% saturated with oxygen.While she is running, this percentage

Accepted Answer

A)  stays the same because hemoglobin is usually 75% saturated with oxygen. 
B)  increases because she is breathing harder. 
C)  increases because her muscles need more oxygen. 
D)  decreases because the decreased PO2 in her muscles makes it easier for additional oxygen to be released from the hemoglobin. 
E)  decreases because the partial pressure of oxygen in her alveoli is reduced below 40 mm Hg. 
A)  stays the same because hemoglobin is usually 75% saturated with oxygen. 
B)  increases because she is breathing harder. 
C)  increases because her muscles need more oxygen. 
D)  decreases because the decreased PO2 in her muscles makes it easier for additional oxygen to be released from the hemoglobin. 
E)  decreases because the partial pressure of oxygen in her alveoli is reduced below 40 mm Hg.

Question 19

Refer to the figure.   Which organism is least likely to have an oxygen-carrying molecule, such as hemoglobin or hemocyanin, in its blood or hemolymph?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 20

When you breathe in as much as possible, adding the inspirational reserve volume to your lungs, your lungs are filling with air in part because

Accepted Answer

A)  the space between the two pleural membranes lining your thoracic cavity is increasing as they pull apart. 
B)  your diaphragm is moving upward as you inhale, increasing the volume of your thoracic cavity. 
C)  the interpleural pressure becomes more negative compared to atmospheric pressure, expanding your lungs. 
D)  the interpleural pressure becomes more positive compared to atmospheric pressure, causing air to rush into your alveoli. 
E)  the pressure in your alveoli becomes more negative than the interpleural pressure, causing your lungs to expand. 
A)  the space between the two pleural membranes lining your thoracic cavity is increasing as they pull apart. 
B)  your diaphragm is moving upward as you inhale, increasing the volume of your thoracic cavity. 
C)  the interpleural pressure becomes more negative compared to atmospheric pressure, expanding your lungs. 
D)  the interpleural pressure becomes more positive compared to atmospheric pressure, causing air to rush into your alveoli. 
E)  the pressure in your alveoli becomes more negative than the interpleural pressure, causing your lungs to expand.

Exam 48: Gas Exchange

Which process regularly exposes a respiratory membrane to maximum O2 and minimum CO2?

Neural control of breathing is a function of the

Which structure is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?

Which feature characterizes a gas in solution?

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO2 increases a person's ventilation rate more than a(n) _______ in arterial partial pressure of O2.

The solubility of oxygen in water _______ as the temperature of water _______.

The shape of the O2-binding/dissociation curve of hemoglobin is _______.

When humans take short trips to places of high altitude, their hemoglobin

The level of _______ in the blood controls the breathing rate of humans via changes in pH.

Which part of the blood is most efficient at carrying oxygen?

Which is a reason that diffusion of CO2 from an animal is less problematic than diffusion of O2 into an animal?

Which statement about the binding of oxygen by hemoglobin is true?

Antarctic icefish lack both red blood cells and hemoglobin.Scientists are worried that as global climate change warms the Southern (Antarctic) Ocean, these fish will not survive.Why is it likely that Antarctic icefish will not survive in warmer water?

In analyzing a drop of blood from a capillary leaving a muscle in a person, a researcher finds that most of the CO2 is in the form of _______ carried in the plasma.

The barometric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg.Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg.The partial pressure of O2 in Antonito's air is therefore approximately _______ mm Hg.

When you are lying on the couch, resting, the blood going from your heart to your lungs is approximately _______ % saturated with oxygen.When you are running fast on a treadmill, _______.

While a runner rests before a race, the hemoglobin in the blood returning to her heart is 75% saturated with oxygen.While she is running, this percentage

Refer to the figure. Which organism is least likely to have an oxygen-carrying molecule, such as hemoglobin or hemocyanin, in its blood or hemolymph?

When you breathe in as much as possible, adding the inspirational reserve volume to your lungs, your lungs are filling with air in part because

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Filters

Which process regularly exposes a respiratory membrane to maximum O₂ and minimum CO₂?

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human. Based on the graph, an increase in arterial partial pressure of CO₂ increases a person's ventilation rate more than a(n) _______ in arterial partial pressure of O₂.

The solubility of oxygen in water _ as the temperature of water _.

The shape of the O₂-binding/dissociation curve of hemoglobin is _______.

Which is a reason that diffusion of CO₂ froman animal is less problematic than diffusion of O₂ into an animal?

In analyzing a drop of blood from a capillary leaving a muscle in a person, a researcher finds that most of the CO₂ is in the form of _______ carried in the plasma.

The barometric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg.Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg.The partial pressure of O₂ in Antonito's air is therefore approximately _______ mm Hg.

When you are lying on the couch, resting, the blood going from your heart to your lungs is approximately _ % saturated with oxygen.When you are running fast on a treadmill, _.