Question 1

In acidic tissues, hemoglobin releases _______ it does in less acidic environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  more O2 than 
B)  less O2 than 
C)  more CO2 than 
D)  less CO2 than 
E)  the same amount of O2 and CO2 as 
A)  more O2 than 
B)  less O2 than 
C)  more CO2 than 
D)  less CO2 than 
E)  the same amount of O2 and CO2 as

Question 2

Your thoracic cavity increases in size when which muscles contract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal and external intercostals 
B)  Diaphragm and external intercostals 
C)  Abdominal and internal intercostals 
D)  Diaphragm and internal intercostals 
E)  Abdominal and external intercostals 
A)  Internal and external intercostals 
B)  Diaphragm and external intercostals 
C)  Abdominal and internal intercostals 
D)  Diaphragm and internal intercostals 
E)  Abdominal and external intercostals

Question 3

Which are the large structures to which the gill filaments are attached, providing support for the internal gills of fishes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gill flaps 
B)  Gill arches 
C)  Gill lamellae 
D)  Gill rakers 
E)  Gill slits 
A)  Gill flaps 
B)  Gill arches 
C)  Gill lamellae 
D)  Gill rakers 
E)  Gill slits

Question 4

When a patient has pulmonary fibrosis, excess connective tissue is deposited in the lungs making the lungs less elastic.This has the effect of _______ the vital capacity of the patient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a patient has pulmonary fibrosis, excess...

Question 5

Refer to the figure showing how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood.   This process of carbon dioxide transport happens in what part of the body, and how do you know this? What is the name of the enzyme labeled A? When this red blood cell arrives at a capillary in the intestine, what reaction will the enzyme labeled A be catalyzing?

Accepted Answer

The figure shows a capillary in the lung

Question 6

An increase in 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) would be associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  resting. 
B)  high altitude. 
C)  high PO2. 
D)  high pH. 
E)  low levels of H+. 
A)  resting. 
B)  high altitude. 
C)  high PO2. 
D)  high pH. 
E)  low levels of H+.

Question 7

In an experiment, you increase the levels of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) in the blood of an adult human test subject.The expected result of this experiment would be that the subject's

Accepted Answer

A)  respiration rate would increase dramatically. 
B)  breathing would become labored. 
C)  blood would become more basic. 
D)  O2-binding/dissociation curve for hemoglobin would shift to the left. 
E)  hemoglobin would have a lower affinity for oxygen. 
A)  respiration rate would increase dramatically. 
B)  breathing would become labored. 
C)  blood would become more basic. 
D)  O2-binding/dissociation curve for hemoglobin would shift to the left. 
E)  hemoglobin would have a lower affinity for oxygen.

Question 8

Which of the following does not characterize both hemoglobin and myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen-binding molecules 
B)  Positive cooperativity 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Ability to pick up and release O2 depends on the PO2 of their environment 
E)  Association with iron-containing ring structure(s) 
A)  Oxygen-binding molecules 
B)  Positive cooperativity 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Ability to pick up and release O2 depends on the PO2 of their environment 
E)  Association with iron-containing ring structure(s)

Question 9

Breathing mechanisms ventilate the environmental side of the gas exchange surface, while circulatory systems _______ the internal side of the surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Breathing mechanisms ventilate the environmental side of...

Question 10

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Accepted Answer

A)  binds to hemoglobin with a lower affinity than O2 does. 
B)  may accumulate in a closed space through incomplete combustion by faulty furnaces or burning charcoal. 
C)  exposure is not hazardous to health. 
D)  increases hemoglobin's affinity for O2. 
E)  is similar to CO2 in the manner in which it is carried in the blood. 
A)  binds to hemoglobin with a lower affinity than O2 does. 
B)  may accumulate in a closed space through incomplete combustion by faulty furnaces or burning charcoal. 
C)  exposure is not hazardous to health. 
D)  increases hemoglobin's affinity for O2. 
E)  is similar to CO2 in the manner in which it is carried in the blood.

Question 11

The respiratory system of insects consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  branched air tubes called spiracles that supply blood capillaries. 
B)  branched air tubes called tracheae and tracheoles that end in air capillaries. 
C)  branching gill systems that end in openings called tracheae. 
D)  branching gill systems that end in openings called tracheoles. 
E)  extensive layers of gas exchange tissue just under the exoskeleton. 
A)  branched air tubes called spiracles that supply blood capillaries. 
B)  branched air tubes called tracheae and tracheoles that end in air capillaries. 
C)  branching gill systems that end in openings called tracheae. 
D)  branching gill systems that end in openings called tracheoles. 
E)  extensive layers of gas exchange tissue just under the exoskeleton.

Question 12

The respiratory rate in humans and other mammals changes primarily in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO2. 
B)  PO2. 
C)  PN2. 
D)  PCO. 
E)  turbidity. 
A)  PCO2. 
B)  PO2. 
C)  PN2. 
D)  PCO. 
E)  turbidity.

Question 13

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3-. 
B)  H2CO3. 
C)  hemoglobin. 
D)  O2. 
E)  water. 
A)  HCO3-. 
B)  H2CO3. 
C)  hemoglobin. 
D)  O2. 
E)  water.

Question 14

Refer to the graph showing several different O2-binding/dissociation curves for hemoglobin.   Curve _______ would most likely represent a human fetus, curve _______ would most likely represent an adult human with blood at pH 7.2, and curve _______ would most likely represent a human with blood at pH 7.4.

Accepted Answer

A)  A; B; C 
B)  A; C; B 
C)  B; A; C 
D)  B; C; A 
E)  C; B; A 
A)  A; B; C 
B)  A; C; B 
C)  B; A; C 
D)  B; C; A 
E)  C; B; A

Question 15

The Bohr effect describes the

Accepted Answer

A)  outward movement of Cl- from a blood cell in exchange for HCO3- moving into the cell. 
B)  leftward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when temperature rises. 
C)  rightward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when pH rises. 
D)  rightward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when pH falls. 
E)  leftward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when BPG increases. 
A)  outward movement of Cl- from a blood cell in exchange for HCO3- moving into the cell. 
B)  leftward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when temperature rises. 
C)  rightward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when pH rises. 
D)  rightward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when pH falls. 
E)  leftward shift of hemoglobin's O2-binding/dissociation curve when BPG increases.

Question 16

In addition to possessing lungs, birds have _______, which receive inhaled air but are not gas exchange structures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to possessing lungs, birds have...

Question 17

Which process regularly exposes a respiratory membrane to maximum CO2 and minimum O2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventilation 
B)  Perfusion 
C)  Breathing 
D)  Respiration 
E)  Inhalation 
A)  Ventilation 
B)  Perfusion 
C)  Breathing 
D)  Respiration 
E)  Inhalation

Question 18

Refer to the graph showing a spirometer tracing.   Which term is paired correctly with its location on the spirometer tracing?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 - Inspiratory reserve volume 
B)  2 - Tidal volume 
C)  3 - Vital capacity 
D)  4 - Residual volume 
E)  5 - Total lung capacity 
A)  1 - Inspiratory reserve volume 
B)  2 - Tidal volume 
C)  3 - Vital capacity 
D)  4 - Residual volume 
E)  5 - Total lung capacity

Question 19

Refer to the graph showing pressures during breathing in humans.   Under normal circumstances, the pressure in your pleural cavity is negative relative to atmospheric pressure during inhalation, and _______ relative to atmospheric pressure during exhalation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph showing pressures during...

Question 20

Which statement about insect respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spiracles are the air tubes that carry the respiratory gases. 
B)  Because O2 diffuses more quickly in water than in air, the respiratory system of aquatic insects is highly efficient. 
C)  Air capillaries are sparsely distributed throughout insects' flight muscles. 
D)  Many larval insects have external lungs. 
E)  The insect tracheal system brings air to all tissues in the body. 
A)  Spiracles are the air tubes that carry the respiratory gases. 
B)  Because O2 diffuses more quickly in water than in air, the respiratory system of aquatic insects is highly efficient. 
C)  Air capillaries are sparsely distributed throughout insects' flight muscles. 
D)  Many larval insects have external lungs. 
E)  The insect tracheal system brings air to all tissues in the body.

Exam 48: Gas Exchange

In acidic tissues, hemoglobin releases _______ it does in less acidic environments.

Your thoracic cavity increases in size when which muscles contract?

Which are the large structures to which the gill filaments are attached, providing support for the internal gills of fishes?

When a patient has pulmonary fibrosis, excess connective tissue is deposited in the lungs making the lungs less elastic.This has the effect of _______ the vital capacity of the patient.

An increase in 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) would be associated with

In an experiment, you increase the levels of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) in the blood of an adult human test subject.The expected result of this experiment would be that the subject's

Which of the following does not characterize both hemoglobin and myoglobin?

Breathing mechanisms ventilate the environmental side of the gas exchange surface, while circulatory systems _______ the internal side of the surface.

Carbon monoxide (CO)

The respiratory system of insects consists of

The respiratory rate in humans and other mammals changes primarily in response to

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and

The Bohr effect describes the

In addition to possessing lungs, birds have _______, which receive inhaled air but are not gas exchange structures.

Which process regularly exposes a respiratory membrane to maximum CO2 and minimum O2?

Refer to the graph showing a spirometer tracing. Which term is paired correctly with its location on the spirometer tracing?

Refer to the graph showing pressures during breathing in humans. Under normal circumstances, the pressure in your pleural cavity is negative relative to atmospheric pressure during inhalation, and _______ relative to atmospheric pressure during exhalation.

Which statement about insect respiration is true?

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Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes a reaction between CO₂ and

Which process regularly exposes a respiratory membrane to maximum CO₂ and minimum O₂?