Question 1

Which statement about cellular respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells need ATP to produce oxygen via cellular respiration. 
B)  Respiratory gases are exchanged between the respiratory medium (air or water) and the internal body fluids of an animal via active transport. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is an end product of cellular respiration that must be removed from the body. 
D)  In a gas exchange system, a perfusion mechanism moves air or water across the outer surface of the respiratory membrane. 
E)  In a gas exchange system, a ventilation mechanism moves extracellular fluids across the inner surface of the respiratory membrane. 
A)  Cells need ATP to produce oxygen via cellular respiration. 
B)  Respiratory gases are exchanged between the respiratory medium (air or water) and the internal body fluids of an animal via active transport. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is an end product of cellular respiration that must be removed from the body. 
D)  In a gas exchange system, a perfusion mechanism moves air or water across the outer surface of the respiratory membrane. 
E)  In a gas exchange system, a ventilation mechanism moves extracellular fluids across the inner surface of the respiratory membrane.

Question 2

External _______ are highly branched folds of the body surface of some animals that are involved in gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

The answer of External _______ are highly branched folds of...

Question 3

Muscle cells have their own oxygen-binding molecule called

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  tropoglobin. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  calciglobin. 
E)  glycoglobin. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  tropoglobin. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  calciglobin. 
E)  glycoglobin.

Question 4

What is the correct order of structures through which air flows in a bird's respiratory system? (Note that bronchi are not included.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea; anterior air sacs; parabronchi; posterior air sacs; trachea 
B)  Trachea; anterior air sacs; posterior air sacs; parabronchi; trachea 
C)  Trachea; parabronchi; anterior air sacs; posterior air sacs; trachea 
D)  Trachea; posterior air sacs; parabronchi; anterior air sacs; trachea 
E)  Trachea; posterior air sacs; anterior air sacs; parabronchi; trachea 
A)  Trachea; anterior air sacs; parabronchi; posterior air sacs; trachea 
B)  Trachea; anterior air sacs; posterior air sacs; parabronchi; trachea 
C)  Trachea; parabronchi; anterior air sacs; posterior air sacs; trachea 
D)  Trachea; posterior air sacs; parabronchi; anterior air sacs; trachea 
E)  Trachea; posterior air sacs; anterior air sacs; parabronchi; trachea

Question 5

Refer to the graph.   When you are lying on the couch, point _______ on the graph would best represent the PO2 in your leg muscles.When you have been running hard on a treadmill for 30 minutes, point _______ on the graph would best represent the PO2 in your leg muscles.Oxygen is being released faster to your leg muscles when their PO2 is at point _______ than when it is at either of the other two points on the graph.

Accepted Answer

A)  A, B, B 
B)  B, C, B 
C)  B, A, A 
D)  C, B, B 
E)  C, A, A 
A)  A, B, B 
B)  B, C, B 
C)  B, A, A 
D)  C, B, B 
E)  C, A, A

Question 6

Which statement about water breathing in fishes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circulation of blood maximizes PO2 on the internal side of the gill membrane. 
B)  Water flows unidirectionally in through the operculum, over the gills, and out through the mouth to the external environment. 
C)  Lamellae are thin to maximize diffusion distance between water and blood. 
D)  The one-way flow of water over the gills maximizes PO2 on external gill surfaces. 
E)  Gill arches are the actual sites for gas exchange. 
A)  Circulation of blood maximizes PO2 on the internal side of the gill membrane. 
B)  Water flows unidirectionally in through the operculum, over the gills, and out through the mouth to the external environment. 
C)  Lamellae are thin to maximize diffusion distance between water and blood. 
D)  The one-way flow of water over the gills maximizes PO2 on external gill surfaces. 
E)  Gill arches are the actual sites for gas exchange.

Question 7

In August of 2010, during an unusually hot spell, hundreds of thousands of dead fish washed ashore in the Delaware Bay.A likely cause of the fish kill was

Accepted Answer

A)  lowered oxygen content of the water. 
B)  lowered metabolic rates in the fish. 
C)  higher carbon dioxide content of the water. 
D)  increased density of the water. 
E)  increased oxygen content of the water. 
A)  lowered oxygen content of the water. 
B)  lowered metabolic rates in the fish. 
C)  higher carbon dioxide content of the water. 
D)  increased density of the water. 
E)  increased oxygen content of the water.

Question 8

The major site of PCO2 sensitivity is located on the _______ and is directly stimulated by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral surface of the medulla; H+ 
B)  aorta; H+ 
C)  ventral surface of the medulla; PCO2 
D)  carotid artery; PCO2 
E)  ventral surface of the medulla; PO2 
A)  ventral surface of the medulla; H+ 
B)  aorta; H+ 
C)  ventral surface of the medulla; PCO2 
D)  carotid artery; PCO2 
E)  ventral surface of the medulla; PO2

Question 9

The O2-binding molecule that is abundant in muscle is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Question 10

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which would contribute to a higher rate of diffusion of respiratory gases?

Accepted Answer

A)  A respiratory membrane with a large rather than a small surface area 
B)  Water instead of air as the medium 
C)  Long rather than short diffusion distance 
D)  A small rather than large difference in partial pressures of the gas on either side of the respiratory membrane 
E)  Low rather than high temperature 
A)  A respiratory membrane with a large rather than a small surface area 
B)  Water instead of air as the medium 
C)  Long rather than short diffusion distance 
D)  A small rather than large difference in partial pressures of the gas on either side of the respiratory membrane 
E)  Low rather than high temperature

Question 11

Which statement about respiratory adaptations is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory surfaces in all animals require ventilation. 
B)  External gills are found only in invertebrates. 
C)  Most fishes ventilate their gills by swimming almost constantly with their mouths open. 
D)  In fish, water flows unidirectionally into the mouth, over the gills, and out from under the opercular flaps. 
E)  Desiccation of the respiratory surface is more likely to occur in gills than in lungs. 
A)  Respiratory surfaces in all animals require ventilation. 
B)  External gills are found only in invertebrates. 
C)  Most fishes ventilate their gills by swimming almost constantly with their mouths open. 
D)  In fish, water flows unidirectionally into the mouth, over the gills, and out from under the opercular flaps. 
E)  Desiccation of the respiratory surface is more likely to occur in gills than in lungs.

Question 12

In the mammalian lung, the amount of air that is moved either in or out during normal breathing is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the mammalian lung, the amount of...

Question 13

In Fick's law of diffusion, the term (P1 - P2)/L refers to the _______ gradient.

Accepted Answer

Question 14

Refer to the graph.   If you are an athlete training at high altitudes, the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin will shift such that the new curve will look like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.This occurs because the level of 2,3-BPG in your RBCs has increased.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the graph.   If...

Question 15

The breathing tubes of insects are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The breathing tubes of insects are called...

Question 16

Refer to the graph showing ventilation rates in a human.   As you run up a steep hill, your ventilation rate increases as you breathe faster and more deeply.This increase in ventilation rate is being caused primarily by an increase in the partial pressure of which gas carried in your blood? Based on the graph, what change in arterial PO2 would bring about the same change in ventilation rate as an increase in arterial PCO2 from 40 mm Hg to 50 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A human's breathing mechanism is more se

Question 17

The _______ are the regions of the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ are the regions of the...

Question 18

Axons of respiratory motor neurons in the _______ medulla leave the CNS and form the phrenic nerve that innervates the _______; these neurons fire during normal inhalation.Respiratory motor neurons in the _______ medulla communicate via thoracic spinal nerves to the _______; these neurons fire during strenuous exercise.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral; diaphragm; dorsal; intercostal muscles 
B)  dorsal; diaphragm; ventral; intercostal muscles 
C)  ventral; intercostal muscles; ventral; diaphragm 
D)  dorsal; intercostal muscles; ventral; diaphragm 
E)  dorsal; abdominal muscles; ventral; intercostal muscles 
A)  ventral; diaphragm; dorsal; intercostal muscles 
B)  dorsal; diaphragm; ventral; intercostal muscles 
C)  ventral; intercostal muscles; ventral; diaphragm 
D)  dorsal; intercostal muscles; ventral; diaphragm 
E)  dorsal; abdominal muscles; ventral; intercostal muscles

Question 19

The gills of fish employ a countercurrent exchange mechanism to ensure that O2 is efficiently extracted from the water.Describe how countercurrent exchange works.

Accepted Answer

In countercurrent exchange in the gills

Question 20

Refer to the figure.   This figure could represent a blood capillary in a(n) _______.Blood at A has come most recently from the _______; blood at B is going most directly to the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  fish; heart; body 
B)  bird; body; heart 
C)  rabbit; heart; heart 
D)  insect; spiracle; air sac 
E)  human; heart; body 
A)  fish; heart; body 
B)  bird; body; heart 
C)  rabbit; heart; heart 
D)  insect; spiracle; air sac 
E)  human; heart; body

Exam 48: Gas Exchange

Which statement about cellular respiration is true?

External _______ are highly branched folds of the body surface of some animals that are involved in gas exchange.

Muscle cells have their own oxygen-binding molecule called

What is the correct order of structures through which air flows in a bird's respiratory system? (Note that bronchi are not included.)

Which statement about water breathing in fishes is true?

In August of 2010, during an unusually hot spell, hundreds of thousands of dead fish washed ashore in the Delaware Bay.A likely cause of the fish kill was

The major site of PCO2 sensitivity is located on the _______ and is directly stimulated by _______.

The O2-binding molecule that is abundant in muscle is called _______.

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which would contribute to a higher rate of diffusion of respiratory gases?

Which statement about respiratory adaptations is true?

In the mammalian lung, the amount of air that is moved either in or out during normal breathing is called the _______.

In Fick's law of diffusion, the term (P1 - P2)/L refers to the _______ gradient.

Refer to the graph. If you are an athlete training at high altitudes, the oxygen-binding/dissociation curve of your hemoglobin will shift such that the new curve will look like the curve labeled _______ in the graph.This occurs because the level of 2,3-BPG in your RBCs has increased.

The breathing tubes of insects are called _______.

The _______ are the regions of the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

The gills of fish employ a countercurrent exchange mechanism to ensure that O2 is efficiently extracted from the water.Describe how countercurrent exchange works.

Refer to the figure. This figure could represent a blood capillary in a(n) _______.Blood at A has come most recently from the _______; blood at B is going most directly to the _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The major site of PCO₂ sensitivity is located on the _ and is directly stimulated by _.

The O₂-binding molecule that is abundant in muscle is called _______.

In Fick's law of diffusion, the term (P₁ - P₂)/L refers to the _______ gradient.

The gills of fish employ a countercurrent exchange mechanism to ensure that O₂ is efficiently extracted from the water.Describe how countercurrent exchange works.

Refer to the figure. This figure could represent a blood capillary in a(n) ___.Blood at A has come most recently from the _; blood at B is going most directly to the _____.