Question 1

Which is a response of a fish to the rise in water temperature due to global warming?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased metabolic rate 
B)  Decreased blood flow 
C)  Decreased O2 consumption 
D)  Decreased expenditure of energy for breathing 
E)  Decreased body temperature 
A)  Increased metabolic rate 
B)  Decreased blood flow 
C)  Decreased O2 consumption 
D)  Decreased expenditure of energy for breathing 
E)  Decreased body temperature

Question 2

A person with emphysema typically has a greater residual volume of air in their lungs, which decreases the efficiency of breathing because it _______ the PO2 of the inhaled air.

Accepted Answer

Question 3

In the respiratory cycle of birds, air flows through the trachea, to the bronchi, and then

Accepted Answer

A)  into the parabronchi. 
B)  back through the trachea. 
C)  to the air capillaries. 
D)  into the posterior air sacs. 
E)  into the anterior air sacs. 
A)  into the parabronchi. 
B)  back through the trachea. 
C)  to the air capillaries. 
D)  into the posterior air sacs. 
E)  into the anterior air sacs.

Question 4

At rest, the _______ PO2 in blood at the lungs allows hemoglobin to carry _______ O2 molecules, but when the blood returns to the lungs, hemoglobin usually carries _______ O2 molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  high; four; no 
B)  low; four; no 
C)  high; four; three 
D)  low; two; no 
E)  high; three; four 
A)  high; four; no 
B)  low; four; no 
C)  high; four; three 
D)  low; two; no 
E)  high; three; four

Question 5

In birds, the _______ expand during inhalation, and allow air into the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior air valves 
B)  anterior air valves 
C)  lateral air valves 
D)  dorsal air valves 
E)  posterior air sacs 
A)  posterior air valves 
B)  anterior air valves 
C)  lateral air valves 
D)  dorsal air valves 
E)  posterior air sacs

Question 6

When compared with an equal volume of air, water has

Accepted Answer

A)  the same amount of O2. 
B)  much less O2. 
C)  much more O2. 
D)  slightly less O2. 
E)  slightly more O2. 
A)  the same amount of O2. 
B)  much less O2. 
C)  much more O2. 
D)  slightly less O2. 
E)  slightly more O2.

Question 7

If the O2-binding/dissociation curves were plotted for the following molecules, which curve would be to the left of all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal human hemoglobin 
B)  Adult human hemoglobin in a person exercising heavily 
C)  Adult human hemoglobin in a person at rest 
D)  Myoglobin 
E)  Adult human hemoglobin in a person exercising at high altitudes 
A)  Fetal human hemoglobin 
B)  Adult human hemoglobin in a person exercising heavily 
C)  Adult human hemoglobin in a person at rest 
D)  Myoglobin 
E)  Adult human hemoglobin in a person exercising at high altitudes

Question 8

In humans, the _______ is the common chamber through which air and food pass.

Accepted Answer

A)  larynx 
B)  pharynx 
C)  trachea 
D)  bronchi 
E)  voice box 
A)  larynx 
B)  pharynx 
C)  trachea 
D)  bronchi 
E)  voice box

Question 9

Surfactant produced by cells lining the alveoli serves to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase surface tension. 
B)  increase stretching of the alveolar walls. 
C)  directly assist muscular movements of breathing. 
D)  reduce cohesion of surface molecules. 
E)  reduce ciliary movement. 
A)  increase surface tension. 
B)  increase stretching of the alveolar walls. 
C)  directly assist muscular movements of breathing. 
D)  reduce cohesion of surface molecules. 
E)  reduce ciliary movement.

Question 10

Which is not an adaptation seen in fish gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  A countercurrent exchange system 
B)  Bidirectional ventilation of the gills 
C)  Morphological features that increase the surface area available for gas exchange 
D)  Morphological features that decrease the path length for diffusion of the respiratory gases 
E)  Morphological features that maximize the efficiency of O2 extraction 
A)  A countercurrent exchange system 
B)  Bidirectional ventilation of the gills 
C)  Morphological features that increase the surface area available for gas exchange 
D)  Morphological features that decrease the path length for diffusion of the respiratory gases 
E)  Morphological features that maximize the efficiency of O2 extraction

Question 11

In red blood cells, _______ reversibly converts carbonic acid to bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

A)  2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  carbonic anhydrase 
D)  myoglobin 
E)  CO 
A)  2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  carbonic anhydrase 
D)  myoglobin 
E)  CO

Question 12

If the O2-binding/dissociation curves were plotted for adult hemoglobin under the following conditions, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7.6, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
B)  pH 7.6, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
C)  pH 7.2, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
D)  pH 7.2, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
E)  pH 7.4, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
A)  pH 7.6, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
B)  pH 7.6, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
C)  pH 7.2, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
D)  pH 7.2, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
E)  pH 7.4, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid

Question 13

Refer to the figure.   The black arrows in part A show the direction of movement of the thoracic cavity and diaphragm.The process shown in part A is represented by the portion of the graph labeled _______, which corresponds to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  B; exhalation 
B)  B; contraction of internal intercostal muscles 
C)  C; inhalation 
D)  C; contraction of external intercostal muscles 
E)  C; exhalation 
A)  B; exhalation 
B)  B; contraction of internal intercostal muscles 
C)  C; inhalation 
D)  C; contraction of external intercostal muscles 
E)  C; exhalation

Question 14

Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported as _______, and it is located mainly in the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2; plasma 
B)  H2CO3; plasma 
C)  HCO3-; plasma 
D)  carboxyhemoglobin; erythrocytes 
E)  HCO3-; erythrocytes 
A)  CO2; plasma 
B)  H2CO3; plasma 
C)  HCO3-; plasma 
D)  carboxyhemoglobin; erythrocytes 
E)  HCO3-; erythrocytes

Question 15

When tissue PO2 falls below _______ mm Hg, hemoglobin releases an increased amount of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  60 
C)  80 
D)  95 
E)  100 
A)  40 
B)  60 
C)  80 
D)  95 
E)  100

Question 16

Which statement about emphysema in human lungs is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Residual volume is increased. 
B)  The walls of alveoli are destroyed by inflammation. 
C)  It is caused primarily by smoking. 
D)  The alveoli decrease in size and number. 
E)  Lung elasticity is decreased. 
A)  Residual volume is increased. 
B)  The walls of alveoli are destroyed by inflammation. 
C)  It is caused primarily by smoking. 
D)  The alveoli decrease in size and number. 
E)  Lung elasticity is decreased.

Question 17

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) such a dangerous gas?

Accepted Answer

CO binds to hemoglobin much mo

Question 18

An increase in altitude reduces the O2 supply for air breathers because at higher altitudes,

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen makes up a smaller percentage of the gases in air. 
B)  atmospheric pressure decreases. 
C)  temperature of air decreases. 
D)  humidity increases. 
E)  increased fluid coats the respiratory membranes. 
A)  oxygen makes up a smaller percentage of the gases in air. 
B)  atmospheric pressure decreases. 
C)  temperature of air decreases. 
D)  humidity increases. 
E)  increased fluid coats the respiratory membranes.

Question 19

Diffusion is the

Accepted Answer

A)  random movement of the particles of a substance from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. 
B)  only means by which respiratory gases are exchanged between the respiratory medium (air or water) and the internal body fluids of an animal. 
C)  active movement of the particles of a substance to a region of higher concentration. 
D)  active movement of a substance to a region of lower concentration with help from a protein. 
E)  mechanism by which carbon dioxide moves from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. 
A)  random movement of the particles of a substance from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. 
B)  only means by which respiratory gases are exchanged between the respiratory medium (air or water) and the internal body fluids of an animal. 
C)  active movement of the particles of a substance to a region of higher concentration. 
D)  active movement of a substance to a region of lower concentration with help from a protein. 
E)  mechanism by which carbon dioxide moves from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Question 20

Both bird and mammal lungs

Accepted Answer

A)  require two cycles of inhalation and exhalation in order for a breath of air to be expelled. 
B)  contain alveoli at the terminal ends. 
C)  have an anatomical dead space. 
D)  exchange O2 and CO2 with blood in capillaries. 
E)  have a unidirectional flow of air moving through them. 
A)  require two cycles of inhalation and exhalation in order for a breath of air to be expelled. 
B)  contain alveoli at the terminal ends. 
C)  have an anatomical dead space. 
D)  exchange O2 and CO2 with blood in capillaries. 
E)  have a unidirectional flow of air moving through them.

Exam 48: Gas Exchange

Which is a response of a fish to the rise in water temperature due to global warming?

A person with emphysema typically has a greater residual volume of air in their lungs, which decreases the efficiency of breathing because it _______ the PO2 of the inhaled air.

In the respiratory cycle of birds, air flows through the trachea, to the bronchi, and then

At rest, the _______ PO2 in blood at the lungs allows hemoglobin to carry _______ O2 molecules, but when the blood returns to the lungs, hemoglobin usually carries _______ O2 molecules.

In birds, the _______ expand during inhalation, and allow air into the lungs.

When compared with an equal volume of air, water has

If the O2-binding/dissociation curves were plotted for the following molecules, which curve would be to the left of all the others?

In humans, the _______ is the common chamber through which air and food pass.

Surfactant produced by cells lining the alveoli serves to

Which is not an adaptation seen in fish gills?

In red blood cells, _______ reversibly converts carbonic acid to bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.

If the O2-binding/dissociation curves were plotted for adult hemoglobin under the following conditions, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

Refer to the figure. The black arrows in part A show the direction of movement of the thoracic cavity and diaphragm.The process shown in part A is represented by the portion of the graph labeled _______, which corresponds to _______.

Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported as _______, and it is located mainly in the _______.

When tissue PO2 falls below _______ mm Hg, hemoglobin releases an increased amount of oxygen.

Which statement about emphysema in human lungs is false?

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) such a dangerous gas?

An increase in altitude reduces the O2 supply for air breathers because at higher altitudes,

Diffusion is the

Both bird and mammal lungs

Studying Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Filters

A person with emphysema typically has a greater residual volume of air in their lungs, which decreases the efficiency of breathing because it _______ the PO₂ of the inhaled air.

At rest, the ___ PO₂ in blood at the lungs allows hemoglobin to carry _ O₂ molecules, but when the blood returns to the lungs, hemoglobin usually carries _____ O₂ molecules.

If the O₂-binding/dissociation curves were plotted for the following molecules, which curve would be to the left of all the others?

If the O₂-binding/dissociation curves were plotted for adult hemoglobin under the following conditions, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

Refer to the figure. The black arrows in part A show the direction of movement of the thoracic cavity and diaphragm.The process shown in part A is represented by the portion of the graph labeled _, which corresponds to _.

Most of the CO₂ in the blood is transported as _, and it is located mainly in the _.

When tissue PO₂ falls below _______ mm Hg, hemoglobin releases an increased amount of oxygen.

An increase in altitude reduces the O₂ supply for air breathers because at higher altitudes,