Question 1

_______ is produced from cholesterol in skin cells when they are exposed to ultraviolet light.It is converted to an active hormone in the liver and kidneys.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is produced from cholesterol in skin...

Question 2

Which statement about blood sugar regulation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In type I diabetes mellitus, too much insulin is produced. 
B)  GLUT4 is a glucose transporter that facilitates movement of glucose out of cells. 
C)  Type II diabetes mellitus can occur when target tissues fail to adequately respond to insulin. 
D)  Binding of insulin to its receptors on target cell membranes causes movement of glucose-carrying transporters from the cell membrane into the cell. 
E)  Insulin is a small steroid hormone. 
A)  In type I diabetes mellitus, too much insulin is produced. 
B)  GLUT4 is a glucose transporter that facilitates movement of glucose out of cells. 
C)  Type II diabetes mellitus can occur when target tissues fail to adequately respond to insulin. 
D)  Binding of insulin to its receptors on target cell membranes causes movement of glucose-carrying transporters from the cell membrane into the cell. 
E)  Insulin is a small steroid hormone.

Question 3

A paracrine hormone that mediates inflammation is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A paracrine hormone that mediates inflammation is...

Question 4

Refer to the figure showing the regulation of blood glucose levels.   If a person has type II diabetes, she is likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  an overabundance of the structures labeled 6. 
B)  an overactive signaling process shown at point 3. 
C)  an overactive process shown at point 4. 
D)  improper functioning of the structures labeled 2. 
E)  lowered extracellular levels of the substance labeled 5. 
A)  an overabundance of the structures labeled 6. 
B)  an overactive signaling process shown at point 3. 
C)  an overactive process shown at point 4. 
D)  improper functioning of the structures labeled 2. 
E)  lowered extracellular levels of the substance labeled 5.

Question 5

Parathyroid cells are inhibited from synthesizing and releasing parathyroid hormone (PTH) when circulating calcium levels are high.When calcium levels fall, the inhibition is removed, PTH is synthesized and released, and calcium levels rise in the blood until the parathyroid cells are once again inhibited.This process is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative feedback. 
B)  induction. 
C)  downregulation. 
D)  upregulation. 
E)  positive feedback. 
A)  negative feedback. 
B)  induction. 
C)  downregulation. 
D)  upregulation. 
E)  positive feedback.

Question 6

Which statement characterizes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was the last hypothalamic release-stimulating hormone to be isolated and characterized. 
B)  It was discovered to be a steroid hormone. 
C)  It is present in large amounts in the brain of a mammal, but only in miniscule amounts in other regions of the body. 
D)  It prompts the anterior pituitary to release thyrotropin. 
E)  It directly stimulates activity of the thyroid gland. 
A)  It was the last hypothalamic release-stimulating hormone to be isolated and characterized. 
B)  It was discovered to be a steroid hormone. 
C)  It is present in large amounts in the brain of a mammal, but only in miniscule amounts in other regions of the body. 
D)  It prompts the anterior pituitary to release thyrotropin. 
E)  It directly stimulates activity of the thyroid gland.

Question 7

If an embryo has a mutation that prevents the mouth from forming, it is likely that the _______ gland will not form, and the embryo will lack numerous tropic hormones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an embryo has a mutation that...

Question 8

Which type of goiter (enlarged thyroid) can be reduced by the addition of iodine to the diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperthyroid goiter, in which thyroxine does not turn off the pituitary's secretion of thyrotropin 
B)  Hyperthyroid goiter, in which the thyroid is activated by high levels of thyroxine 
C)  Hypothyroid goiter, involving low functional thyroxine levels and high thyrotropin levels 
D)  Hypothyroid goiter, involving high functional thyroxine levels and low thyrotropin levels 
E)  All types of goiter 
A)  Hyperthyroid goiter, in which thyroxine does not turn off the pituitary's secretion of thyrotropin 
B)  Hyperthyroid goiter, in which the thyroid is activated by high levels of thyroxine 
C)  Hypothyroid goiter, involving low functional thyroxine levels and high thyrotropin levels 
D)  Hypothyroid goiter, involving high functional thyroxine levels and low thyrotropin levels 
E)  All types of goiter

Question 9

Which part of the pituitary makes and secretes its own hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Posterior pituitary 
C)  Hypothalamus 
D)  Portal blood vessels 
E)  Adrenal gland 
A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Posterior pituitary 
C)  Hypothalamus 
D)  Portal blood vessels 
E)  Adrenal gland

Question 10

A lobed gland located around the front of the windpipe and controlled by a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A lobed gland located around the front...

Question 11

If the endocrine system is likened to a cell phone system, then the best analogy for representing a receptor on a target cell would be a

Accepted Answer

A)  cell phone tower.00000 
B)  cell phone. 
C)  cell phone number. 
D)  cell phone antenna. 
E)  cell phone battery. 
A)  cell phone tower.00000 
B)  cell phone. 
C)  cell phone number. 
D)  cell phone antenna. 
E)  cell phone battery.

Question 12

Refer to the figure featuring the posterior pituitary.   What are the structures labeled 1 in the figure, and what is their function?

Accepted Answer

These are axons of neurons loc

Question 13

In humans, the hormone _______ has been nicknamed the "cuddle hormone" because it increases with intimate sexual contact.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin 
B)  prolactin 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  ADH 
E)  luteinizing hormone 
A)  oxytocin 
B)  prolactin 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  ADH 
E)  luteinizing hormone

Question 14

When people fail to get adequate amounts of iodine in their diet, they may develop goiter.The hormone that is nonfunctional in this situation is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When people fail to get adequate amounts...

Question 15

Which statement relating to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the parathyroid glands is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circulating calcium activates receptors on the surface of parathyroid cells, stimulating production and release of PTH. 
B)  PTH plays a relatively minor role in regulation of blood calcium levels. 
C)  When blood calcium rises, PTH is released. 
D)  PTH shifts calcium from bone to blood. 
E)  PTH prompts the kidneys to secrete calcium. 
A)  Circulating calcium activates receptors on the surface of parathyroid cells, stimulating production and release of PTH. 
B)  PTH plays a relatively minor role in regulation of blood calcium levels. 
C)  When blood calcium rises, PTH is released. 
D)  PTH shifts calcium from bone to blood. 
E)  PTH prompts the kidneys to secrete calcium.

Question 16

If you feel constantly tired, intolerant of cold, and mentally sluggish, you should probably ask your doctor to test your _______ levels, to determine whether they are elevated, indicating you have a thyroid problem.

Accepted Answer

thyroid-st

Question 17

Refer to the figure featuring the posterior pituitary.   What organs in humans have receptors for the hormones represented by the dots leaving in the bloodstream at point 2?

Accepted Answer

Receptors for these hormones a

Question 18

Choose the correct sequence of components leading up to cortisol release.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stressful stimulus, adrenal cortex, cortisol 
B)  Stressful stimulus, hypothalamus, corticotropin-releasing hormone, anterior pituitary, adrenocorticotropin, adrenal cortex, cortisol 
C)  Stressful stimulus, hypothalamus, adrenocorticotropin, adrenal cortex, cortisol 
D)  Stressful stimulus, adrenal medulla, cortisol 
E)  Stressful stimulus, adrenal medulla, epinephrine, adrenal cortex, cortisol 
A)  Stressful stimulus, adrenal cortex, cortisol 
B)  Stressful stimulus, hypothalamus, corticotropin-releasing hormone, anterior pituitary, adrenocorticotropin, adrenal cortex, cortisol 
C)  Stressful stimulus, hypothalamus, adrenocorticotropin, adrenal cortex, cortisol 
D)  Stressful stimulus, adrenal medulla, cortisol 
E)  Stressful stimulus, adrenal medulla, epinephrine, adrenal cortex, cortisol

Question 19

If the circulating levels of calcium are high, _______ decreases the activity of osteoclasts and favors removal of calcium from the blood and its deposition in bone by osteoblasts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the circulating levels of calcium are...

Question 20

Which statement about parathyroid hormone (PTH) is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases calcium in the blood. 
B)  It decreases calcium in the blood. 
C)  It alters metabolic rate. 
D)  It increases blood sodium. 
E)  It initiates the fight-or-flight response. 
A)  It increases calcium in the blood. 
B)  It decreases calcium in the blood. 
C)  It alters metabolic rate. 
D)  It increases blood sodium. 
E)  It initiates the fight-or-flight response.

Exam 40: Animal Hormones

_______ is produced from cholesterol in skin cells when they are exposed to ultraviolet light.It is converted to an active hormone in the liver and kidneys.

Which statement about blood sugar regulation is true?

A paracrine hormone that mediates inflammation is _______.

Refer to the figure showing the regulation of blood glucose levels. If a person has type II diabetes, she is likely to have

Which statement characterizes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

If an embryo has a mutation that prevents the mouth from forming, it is likely that the _______ gland will not form, and the embryo will lack numerous tropic hormones.

Which type of goiter (enlarged thyroid) can be reduced by the addition of iodine to the diet?

Which part of the pituitary makes and secretes its own hormones?

A lobed gland located around the front of the windpipe and controlled by a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary is called the _______.

If the endocrine system is likened to a cell phone system, then the best analogy for representing a receptor on a target cell would be a

Refer to the figure featuring the posterior pituitary. What are the structures labeled 1 in the figure, and what is their function?

In humans, the hormone _______ has been nicknamed the "cuddle hormone" because it increases with intimate sexual contact.

When people fail to get adequate amounts of iodine in their diet, they may develop goiter.The hormone that is nonfunctional in this situation is called _______.

Which statement relating to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the parathyroid glands is true?

If you feel constantly tired, intolerant of cold, and mentally sluggish, you should probably ask your doctor to test your _______ levels, to determine whether they are elevated, indicating you have a thyroid problem.

Refer to the figure featuring the posterior pituitary. What organs in humans have receptors for the hormones represented by the dots leaving in the bloodstream at point 2?

Choose the correct sequence of components leading up to cortisol release.

If the circulating levels of calcium are high, _______ decreases the activity of osteoclasts and favors removal of calcium from the blood and its deposition in bone by osteoblasts.

Which statement about parathyroid hormone (PTH) is true?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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