Question 1

What evidence would support a hypothesis that the secretion of thyroid hormone is controlled by a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  After taking thyroid hormone, a person's TSH levels increased. 
B)  After taking thyroid hormone, a person's TSH levels decreased. 
C)  After taking TSH, a person's thyroid levels increased. 
D)  After taking TSH, a person's thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels increased. 
E)  After taking TSH, a person's thyrotropin release-inhibiting hormone levels decreased. 
A)  After taking thyroid hormone, a person's TSH levels increased. 
B)  After taking thyroid hormone, a person's TSH levels decreased. 
C)  After taking TSH, a person's thyroid levels increased. 
D)  After taking TSH, a person's thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels increased. 
E)  After taking TSH, a person's thyrotropin release-inhibiting hormone levels decreased.

Question 2

Which hormone causes a sustained rise in blood pressure in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol 
A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol

Question 3

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pituitary hormone that stimulates the production...

Question 4

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are

Accepted Answer

A)  water-soluble. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  steroids. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  tropic hormones. 
A)  water-soluble. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  steroids. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  tropic hormones.

Question 5

Juvenile hormone, which prevents maturation of insects into adult forms, is released by the _______ in Rhodnius.

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  corpus allatum 
D)  wings 
E)  neck 
A)  corpus callosum 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  corpus allatum 
D)  wings 
E)  neck

Question 6

In the fight-or-flight response, the release of epinephrine inhibits insulin secretion but also triggers glucagon secretion in the pancreas.You are investigating how this hormone could have two different effects on the pancreas.Which possibility is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  The binding of epinephrine has different effects based on the timing of when it binds. 
B)  The different effects are caused by epinephrine binding to two different receptors. 
C)  The different effects are based on when the last meal was eaten. 
D)  The increased blood flow causes effects that differ based on oxygen levels. 
E)  The effects differ among different individuals rather than both occurring in a single individual. 
A)  The binding of epinephrine has different effects based on the timing of when it binds. 
B)  The different effects are caused by epinephrine binding to two different receptors. 
C)  The different effects are based on when the last meal was eaten. 
D)  The increased blood flow causes effects that differ based on oxygen levels. 
E)  The effects differ among different individuals rather than both occurring in a single individual.

Question 7

Which of the following is the chronological order of events in the molting of Rhodnius, as determined by experiments on insect development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood meal, prothoracicotropic hormone release, ecdysone release 
B)  Blood meal, ecdysone release, prothoracicotropic hormone release 
C)  Juvenile hormone release, blood meal, prothoracicotropic hormone release 
D)  Prothoracicotropic hormone release, ecdysone release, juvenile hormone release 
E)  Ecdysone release, blood meal, juvenile hormone release 
A)  Blood meal, prothoracicotropic hormone release, ecdysone release 
B)  Blood meal, ecdysone release, prothoracicotropic hormone release 
C)  Juvenile hormone release, blood meal, prothoracicotropic hormone release 
D)  Prothoracicotropic hormone release, ecdysone release, juvenile hormone release 
E)  Ecdysone release, blood meal, juvenile hormone release

Question 8

Which of these substances regulates blood sugar by causing cells to increase their uptake of glucose from the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cortisol 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Calcitriol 
E)  Digestive enzymes 
A)  Cortisol 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Calcitriol 
E)  Digestive enzymes

Question 9

Which hormone directly stimulates molting in an insect larva?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brain hormone 
B)  Ecdysone 
C)  Juvenile hormone 
D)  Moltin 
E)  Prolactin 
A)  Brain hormone 
B)  Ecdysone 
C)  Juvenile hormone 
D)  Moltin 
E)  Prolactin

Question 10

Which statement about hormones, hormone-producing cells, and target cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Target cells have receptors for binding the hormone they are a target for. 
B)  Endocrine cells do not exist as single cells within a tissue. 
C)  All hormones travel in the blood to target cells. 
D)  Endocrine glands have ducts that lead to the outside of the body. 
E)  Cells in close proximity to hormone-producing cells are more strongly affected by the hormone than cells at a distance. 
A)  Target cells have receptors for binding the hormone they are a target for. 
B)  Endocrine cells do not exist as single cells within a tissue. 
C)  All hormones travel in the blood to target cells. 
D)  Endocrine glands have ducts that lead to the outside of the body. 
E)  Cells in close proximity to hormone-producing cells are more strongly affected by the hormone than cells at a distance.

Question 11

The hormone ecdysone

Accepted Answer

A)  is released from the posterior pituitary. 
B)  stimulates secretion of juvenile hormone. 
C)  keeps an insect in larval stages, providing brain hormone is absent. 
D)  stimulates molting and metamorphosis in insects. 
E)  keeps the insect exoskeleton flexible. 
A)  is released from the posterior pituitary. 
B)  stimulates secretion of juvenile hormone. 
C)  keeps an insect in larval stages, providing brain hormone is absent. 
D)  stimulates molting and metamorphosis in insects. 
E)  keeps the insect exoskeleton flexible.

Question 12

Following the third instar, a fruit fly becomes nonmotile as it enters into the _______ stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following the third instar, a fruit fly...

Question 13

Which statement about ecdysone is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a water-soluble steroid. 
B)  It induces expression of genes encoding enzymes needed for digestion of old cuticle and formation of new cuticle. 
C)  It is a neurohormone. 
D)  It is released by the corpora cardiaca in response to prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH). 
E)  It targets primarily cells in the brain. 
A)  It is a water-soluble steroid. 
B)  It induces expression of genes encoding enzymes needed for digestion of old cuticle and formation of new cuticle. 
C)  It is a neurohormone. 
D)  It is released by the corpora cardiaca in response to prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH). 
E)  It targets primarily cells in the brain.

Question 14

Which statement about mammalian sexual differentiation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A steady high level of estrogens causes an indifferent organ to become female. 
B)  The absence of androgens causes an indifferent organ to become female. 
C)  The absence of estrogens causes an organ to become male. 
D)  Any tissue with cells containing the Y chromosome will become a male structure. 
E)  Any tissue with cells containing the X chromosome will become female. 
A)  A steady high level of estrogens causes an indifferent organ to become female. 
B)  The absence of androgens causes an indifferent organ to become female. 
C)  The absence of estrogens causes an organ to become male. 
D)  Any tissue with cells containing the Y chromosome will become a male structure. 
E)  Any tissue with cells containing the X chromosome will become female.

Question 15

Oxytocin

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates uterine contractions at birth. 
B)  increases reabsorption of water in the kidney. 
C)  increases the rate of ovulation in the ovary. 
D)  stimulates release of a tropic hormone. 
E)  decreases the volume of urine produced. 
A)  stimulates uterine contractions at birth. 
B)  increases reabsorption of water in the kidney. 
C)  increases the rate of ovulation in the ovary. 
D)  stimulates release of a tropic hormone. 
E)  decreases the volume of urine produced.

Question 16

Which hormone stimulates the kidney to conserve calcium and stimulates the synthesis of calcitriol from vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecdysone 
B)  Oxytocin 
C)  Calcitonin 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Parathyroid hormone 
A)  Ecdysone 
B)  Oxytocin 
C)  Calcitonin 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Parathyroid hormone

Question 17

Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol 
A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol

Question 18

Which statement about human sexual development is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence of the X chromosome causes the embryonic gonads of mammals to produce androgens. 
B)  A gonad becomes an ovary as long as the individual has two X chromosomes. 
C)  A gonad becomes a testis if the individual has only one X chromosome. 
D)  The early embryo has the potential to develop into either a male or a female. 
E)  An individual with an XY genotype will always develop male secondary sex characteristics at puberty. 
A)  Absence of the X chromosome causes the embryonic gonads of mammals to produce androgens. 
B)  A gonad becomes an ovary as long as the individual has two X chromosomes. 
C)  A gonad becomes a testis if the individual has only one X chromosome. 
D)  The early embryo has the potential to develop into either a male or a female. 
E)  An individual with an XY genotype will always develop male secondary sex characteristics at puberty.

Question 19

Refer to the figure showing the thyroid gland.   A person with a diet deficient in iodine can develop a goiter.At what point in the figure would the person's production of thyroxine be halted, and what would the consequence be?

Accepted Answer

It would be halted at point 3

Question 20

What do you predict would happen to a young boy nearing the age of puberty who developed an increased sensitivity to the effects of testosterone on the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Puberty would be delayed until the sensitivity dropped. 
B)  Puberty would begin prematurely as levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone increased. 
C)  Puberty would begin but would proceed more slowly because of a negative feedback of testosterone on the posterior pituitary. 
D)  Increased levels of LH and FSH would cause the testis to secrete higher levels of testosterone. 
E)  Increased levels of LH and FSH would cause the gonad to secrete estrogen, and female sex characteristics would develop. 
A)  Puberty would be delayed until the sensitivity dropped. 
B)  Puberty would begin prematurely as levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone increased. 
C)  Puberty would begin but would proceed more slowly because of a negative feedback of testosterone on the posterior pituitary. 
D)  Increased levels of LH and FSH would cause the testis to secrete higher levels of testosterone. 
E)  Increased levels of LH and FSH would cause the gonad to secrete estrogen, and female sex characteristics would develop.

Exam 40: Animal Hormones

What evidence would support a hypothesis that the secretion of thyroid hormone is controlled by a negative feedback loop?

Which hormone causes a sustained rise in blood pressure in response to stress?

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk is _______.

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are

Juvenile hormone, which prevents maturation of insects into adult forms, is released by the _______ in Rhodnius.

In the fight-or-flight response, the release of epinephrine inhibits insulin secretion but also triggers glucagon secretion in the pancreas.You are investigating how this hormone could have two different effects on the pancreas.Which possibility is most likely?

Which of the following is the chronological order of events in the molting of Rhodnius, as determined by experiments on insect development?

Which of these substances regulates blood sugar by causing cells to increase their uptake of glucose from the blood?

Which hormone directly stimulates molting in an insect larva?

Which statement about hormones, hormone-producing cells, and target cells is true?

The hormone ecdysone

Following the third instar, a fruit fly becomes nonmotile as it enters into the _______ stage.

Which statement about ecdysone is true?

Which statement about mammalian sexual differentiation is true?

Oxytocin

Which hormone stimulates the kidney to conserve calcium and stimulates the synthesis of calcitriol from vitamin D?

Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?

Which statement about human sexual development is true?

Refer to the figure showing the thyroid gland. A person with a diet deficient in iodine can develop a goiter.At what point in the figure would the person's production of thyroxine be halted, and what would the consequence be?

What do you predict would happen to a young boy nearing the age of puberty who developed an increased sensitivity to the effects of testosterone on the hypothalamus?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

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Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

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