Question 1

If all blood flow in the portal blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is blocked, one possible consequence could be

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of milk flow in a nursing mother. 
B)  an interruption in ovulation in females. 
C)  absence of uterine contractions during childbirth. 
D)  production of large amounts of dilute urine. 
E)  increased rate of growth. 
A)  lack of milk flow in a nursing mother. 
B)  an interruption in ovulation in females. 
C)  absence of uterine contractions during childbirth. 
D)  production of large amounts of dilute urine. 
E)  increased rate of growth.

Question 2

In addition to producing thyroxine, the mammalian thyroid gland produces

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenaline. 
B)  calcitonin. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  thyrotropin. 
A)  adrenaline. 
B)  calcitonin. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  thyrotropin.

Question 3

Prolactin is a hormone that has evolved over time and is expressed in many different vertebrate species.The primary function of prolactin in salmon, amphibians, and humans is to

Accepted Answer

A)  trigger mammary gland secretion. 
B)  cease growth in juveniles once they reach adult size. 
C)  aid in reproduction. 
D)  stimulate appetite and feeding behaviors. 
E)  trigger puberty. 
A)  trigger mammary gland secretion. 
B)  cease growth in juveniles once they reach adult size. 
C)  aid in reproduction. 
D)  stimulate appetite and feeding behaviors. 
E)  trigger puberty.

Question 4

Humans with a genotype that includes a Y chromosome will develop into phenotypic females if

Accepted Answer

A)  their genotype is XXY. 
B)  their genotype is XYY. 
C)  they secrete follicle-stimulating hormone at puberty. 
D)  they have an undifferentiated gonad during development. 
E)  they lack androgen receptors. 
A)  their genotype is XXY. 
B)  their genotype is XYY. 
C)  they secrete follicle-stimulating hormone at puberty. 
D)  they have an undifferentiated gonad during development. 
E)  they lack androgen receptors.

Question 5

Yao Ming, the Chinese-born basketball star, stands 7 feet, 6 inches tall.His unusual height was most likely a result of abnormalities associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin. 
B)  prolactin. 
C)  ADH. 
D)  somatostatin. 
E)  long-fiber grains in his diet. 
A)  oxytocin. 
B)  prolactin. 
C)  ADH. 
D)  somatostatin. 
E)  long-fiber grains in his diet.

Question 6

Which statement about steroid hormones is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are released from the cells that make them, via exocytosis. 
B)  They are produced by the thyroid gland. 
C)  They are lipid-soluble. 
D)  They are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. 
E)  They are associated with second-messenger cascades. 
A)  They are released from the cells that make them, via exocytosis. 
B)  They are produced by the thyroid gland. 
C)  They are lipid-soluble. 
D)  They are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. 
E)  They are associated with second-messenger cascades.

Question 7

Refer to the figure featuring the anterior pituitary.   Match the site of synthesis, by number, to each of the following hormones: adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone (GH), growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone (RIH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Accepted Answer

ACTH: 3; GnRH: 1; GH

Question 8

A large scientific study is being conducted to test the effects of oxytocin as a nasal spray.What is the most likely hypothesis the researchers are testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nasal spray will improve sociability in people with autism. 
B)  Oxytocin will cause an increase in gonadotropin-releasing factor. 
C)  Hormones from the posterior pituitary gland inhibit their own secretion. 
D)  The nasal spray will increase a fight-or-flight response in people with dementia. 
E)  Increased amounts of oxytocin will increase mental acuity in people with Alzheimer's. 
A)  The nasal spray will improve sociability in people with autism. 
B)  Oxytocin will cause an increase in gonadotropin-releasing factor. 
C)  Hormones from the posterior pituitary gland inhibit their own secretion. 
D)  The nasal spray will increase a fight-or-flight response in people with dementia. 
E)  Increased amounts of oxytocin will increase mental acuity in people with Alzheimer's.

Question 9

Which statement relating to endocrine signaling is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormones are released to the extracellular fluid and then diffuse into the bloodstream. 
B)  Histamine is a paracrine. 
C)  Hormonal signals enter the bloodstream, so hormones influence all cells with which they come in contact. 
D)  Hormones, paracrines, and autocrines bind to receptors. 
E)  Some endocrine cells exist as single cells within a tissue. 
A)  Hormones are released to the extracellular fluid and then diffuse into the bloodstream. 
B)  Histamine is a paracrine. 
C)  Hormonal signals enter the bloodstream, so hormones influence all cells with which they come in contact. 
D)  Hormones, paracrines, and autocrines bind to receptors. 
E)  Some endocrine cells exist as single cells within a tissue.

Question 10

The anterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

A)  is controlled by steroid hormones from the hypothalamus. 
B)  is derived from an outpocketing of the embryonic brain. 
C)  secretes hormones into a portal system that runs between it and the hypothalamus. 
D)  releases large amounts of endorphins to significantly reduce pain. 
E)  secretes prolactin and several tropic hormones involved in reproduction. 
A)  is controlled by steroid hormones from the hypothalamus. 
B)  is derived from an outpocketing of the embryonic brain. 
C)  secretes hormones into a portal system that runs between it and the hypothalamus. 
D)  releases large amounts of endorphins to significantly reduce pain. 
E)  secretes prolactin and several tropic hormones involved in reproduction.

Question 11

If anterior pituitary cells are grown in a dish, they secrete melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).Adding extracts of the hypothalamus to the dish decreases the release of MSH.These results indicate that the hypothalamus can control MSH-producing cells by secreting _______.

Accepted Answer

MSH releas

Question 12

The AR gene in humans codes for the androgen receptor and is located on the X chromosome.Someone with a single mutated AR gene will mostly likely have

Accepted Answer

A)  male secondary sexual characteristics if the person's genotype is XY, but female secondary sexual characteristics with an XX genotype. 
B)  male secondary sexual characteristics if the person has an extra Y chromosome and so has an XYY genotype. 
C)  female secondary sexual characteristics if the person has an XXY genotype. 
D)  female secondary sexual characteristics if the person has either an XX or XY genotype. 
E)  undifferentiated secondary sexual characteristics if the person has an XY genotype due to the lack of testosterone. 
A)  male secondary sexual characteristics if the person's genotype is XY, but female secondary sexual characteristics with an XX genotype. 
B)  male secondary sexual characteristics if the person has an extra Y chromosome and so has an XYY genotype. 
C)  female secondary sexual characteristics if the person has an XXY genotype. 
D)  female secondary sexual characteristics if the person has either an XX or XY genotype. 
E)  undifferentiated secondary sexual characteristics if the person has an XY genotype due to the lack of testosterone.

Question 13

Newborn kittens bump their heads deliberately into their mother's belly and then immediately start drinking the milk being released.This bumping stimulation likely causes secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogen. 
B)  parathyroid hormone. 
C)  luteinizing hormone. 
D)  ADH. 
E)  oxytocin. 
A)  estrogen. 
B)  parathyroid hormone. 
C)  luteinizing hormone. 
D)  ADH. 
E)  oxytocin.

Question 14

Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol 
A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol

Question 15

If follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are blocked just prior to puberty in a male child,

Accepted Answer

A)  the testis will produce testosterone. 
B)  the posterior pituitary will produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
C)  puberty will begin prematurely. 
D)  the onset of puberty will cause female sexual characteristics to develop. 
E)  puberty will be halted. 
A)  the testis will produce testosterone. 
B)  the posterior pituitary will produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
C)  puberty will begin prematurely. 
D)  the onset of puberty will cause female sexual characteristics to develop. 
E)  puberty will be halted.

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing moth metamorphosis.   If the brain of the first-instar larva is destroyed and the larva survives, what is the most likely prediction for what will happen at point 1?

Accepted Answer

A)  There will be no molt and the larva will remain a first-instar larva. 
B)  The larva will molt into a second-instar larva. 
C)  The larva will skip the second-instar larval stage and molt into a third-instar larva. 
D)  The larva will molt into a pupa and metamorphosis will begin. 
E)  The larva will molt directly into an adult. 
A)  There will be no molt and the larva will remain a first-instar larva. 
B)  The larva will molt into a second-instar larva. 
C)  The larva will skip the second-instar larval stage and molt into a third-instar larva. 
D)  The larva will molt into a pupa and metamorphosis will begin. 
E)  The larva will molt directly into an adult.

Question 17

Which statement about aldosterone is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a glucocorticoid. 
B)  It is released by the adrenal medulla. 
C)  It stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium. 
D)  It is a peptide hormone. 
E)  It stimulates the kidneys to conserve potassium. 
A)  It is a glucocorticoid. 
B)  It is released by the adrenal medulla. 
C)  It stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium. 
D)  It is a peptide hormone. 
E)  It stimulates the kidneys to conserve potassium.

Question 18

Refer to the figure showing the regulation of blood glucose levels.   The structure labeled 1 is _______ and the structure labeled 2 is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatostatin; a delta cell receptor 
B)  glucagon; a glucagon transporter protein 
C)  insulin; an insulin receptor 
D)  glucose; an islet of Langerhans 
E)  glycogen; an alpha cell receptor 
A)  somatostatin; a delta cell receptor 
B)  glucagon; a glucagon transporter protein 
C)  insulin; an insulin receptor 
D)  glucose; an islet of Langerhans 
E)  glycogen; an alpha cell receptor

Question 19

Calcitonin is considered to be most important during fetal development and childhood.Why might calcitonin be important at these particular times in life?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin stimulates the abso

Question 20

Which of the following is a steroidal hormone synthesized from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol 
A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Somatostatin 
E)  Cortisol

Exam 40: Animal Hormones

If all blood flow in the portal blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is blocked, one possible consequence could be

In addition to producing thyroxine, the mammalian thyroid gland produces

Prolactin is a hormone that has evolved over time and is expressed in many different vertebrate species.The primary function of prolactin in salmon, amphibians, and humans is to

Humans with a genotype that includes a Y chromosome will develop into phenotypic females if

Yao Ming, the Chinese-born basketball star, stands 7 feet, 6 inches tall.His unusual height was most likely a result of abnormalities associated with

Which statement about steroid hormones is true?

A large scientific study is being conducted to test the effects of oxytocin as a nasal spray.What is the most likely hypothesis the researchers are testing?

Which statement relating to endocrine signaling is false?

The anterior pituitary

If anterior pituitary cells are grown in a dish, they secrete melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).Adding extracts of the hypothalamus to the dish decreases the release of MSH.These results indicate that the hypothalamus can control MSH-producing cells by secreting _______.

The AR gene in humans codes for the androgen receptor and is located on the X chromosome.Someone with a single mutated AR gene will mostly likely have

Newborn kittens bump their heads deliberately into their mother's belly and then immediately start drinking the milk being released.This bumping stimulation likely causes secretion of

Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH)?

If follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are blocked just prior to puberty in a male child,

Refer to the figure showing moth metamorphosis. If the brain of the first-instar larva is destroyed and the larva survives, what is the most likely prediction for what will happen at point 1?

Which statement about aldosterone is true?

Refer to the figure showing the regulation of blood glucose levels. The structure labeled 1 is _______ and the structure labeled 2 is _______.

Calcitonin is considered to be most important during fetal development and childhood.Why might calcitonin be important at these particular times in life?

Which of the following is a steroidal hormone synthesized from cholesterol?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Refer to the figure showing the regulation of blood glucose levels. The structure labeled 1 is _ and the structure labeled 2 is _.