Question 1

Lying wet on the hot sand after swimming, you absorb heat from the sand but lose heat by _______ and/or, if it is windy, by convection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lying wet on the hot sand after...

Question 2

Refer to the graph.   Which statement about the graph is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Line A represents the rates of reactions of most biological processes in ectotherms. 
B)  The Q10 for line C is 30 divided by 9. 
C)  The Q10 for line B is higher than for line C. 
D)  If line B represents the rate of a reaction in an organism in the summer, the line may shift when the reaction is measured in the winter. 
E)  The rates of most biological reactions fall between lines A and B. 
A)  Line A represents the rates of reactions of most biological processes in ectotherms. 
B)  The Q10 for line C is 30 divided by 9. 
C)  The Q10 for line B is higher than for line C. 
D)  If line B represents the rate of a reaction in an organism in the summer, the line may shift when the reaction is measured in the winter. 
E)  The rates of most biological reactions fall between lines A and B.

Question 3

A Q10 value of 3 indicates that a reaction rate has _______ over a rise in temperature of 10°C.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased by 3 orders of magnitude 
B)  decreased by 3 orders of magnitude 
C)  tripled 
D)  decreased by one-third 
E)  increased by one-third 
A)  increased by 3 orders of magnitude 
B)  decreased by 3 orders of magnitude 
C)  tripled 
D)  decreased by one-third 
E)  increased by one-third

Question 4

If the Q10 = 2.5 for a given reaction, and the reaction produces 4,000 molecules per minute, _______ molecules per minute will be produced if body temperature is raised by 10°C.

Accepted Answer

Question 5

In a mammal, metabolic rate is highest when the ambient temperature is _______ the thermoneutral zone and the animal is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  within; at rest 
B)  below; active 
C)  within; active 
D)  above; at rest 
E)  below; at rest 
A)  within; at rest 
B)  below; active 
C)  within; active 
D)  above; at rest 
E)  below; at rest

Question 6

Glial cells are

Accepted Answer

A)  gland cells in the digestive tract that secrete digestive juices. 
B)  neurons that generate electrical signals. 
C)  cells in the nervous system that provide support functions for neurons. 
D)  part of ductless glands that secrete hormones. 
E)  skeletal muscle cells that contract to generate a force. 
A)  gland cells in the digestive tract that secrete digestive juices. 
B)  neurons that generate electrical signals. 
C)  cells in the nervous system that provide support functions for neurons. 
D)  part of ductless glands that secrete hormones. 
E)  skeletal muscle cells that contract to generate a force.

Question 7

What is the difference between negative feedback mechanisms and positive feedback mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative feedback mechanisms exist only in the circulatory system. 
B)  Negative feedback mechanisms return a system to a set point, whereas positive feedback mechanisms amplify a response. 
C)  Negative feedback mechanisms move a system away from a set point, whereas positive feedback mechanisms stabilize a system toward a set point. 
D)  Negative feedback mechanisms have a negative effect on health, whereas positive feedback mechanisms have a positive effect on health. 
E)  Negative feedback mechanisms reset the set point, whereas positive feedback mechanisms stabilize a system toward a set point. 
A)  Negative feedback mechanisms exist only in the circulatory system. 
B)  Negative feedback mechanisms return a system to a set point, whereas positive feedback mechanisms amplify a response. 
C)  Negative feedback mechanisms move a system away from a set point, whereas positive feedback mechanisms stabilize a system toward a set point. 
D)  Negative feedback mechanisms have a negative effect on health, whereas positive feedback mechanisms have a positive effect on health. 
E)  Negative feedback mechanisms reset the set point, whereas positive feedback mechanisms stabilize a system toward a set point.

Question 8

Which statement about hibernation in a ground squirrel is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The body temperature remains low throughout the hibernation season. 
B)  It is a form of regulated hyperthermia. 
C)  The body's thermostat is turned up. 
D)  Metabolic rate falls to only a fraction of the basal metabolic rate. 
E)  It is similar to hibernation in birds. 
A)  The body temperature remains low throughout the hibernation season. 
B)  It is a form of regulated hyperthermia. 
C)  The body's thermostat is turned up. 
D)  Metabolic rate falls to only a fraction of the basal metabolic rate. 
E)  It is similar to hibernation in birds.

Question 9

As the environmental temperature in a closed chamber containing an endotherm such as a mouse or an ectotherm such as a lizard increases (from 15°C up to 25°C), the metabolic rate of the lizard _______, and that of the mouse _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases 
E)  stays the same; decreases 
A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases 
E)  stays the same; decreases

Question 10

Which occurs when temperature of the mammalian hypothalamus exceeds or drops below set points for thermoregulatory responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thermoregulatory responses are controlled to amplify the direction of temperature change. 
B)  Thermoregulatory responses are controlled to reverse the direction of temperature change. 
C)  New set points are generated. 
D)  Blood flow to the brain is halted until body temperature stabilizes. 
E)  Metabolic rate stabilizes. 
A)  Thermoregulatory responses are controlled to amplify the direction of temperature change. 
B)  Thermoregulatory responses are controlled to reverse the direction of temperature change. 
C)  New set points are generated. 
D)  Blood flow to the brain is halted until body temperature stabilizes. 
E)  Metabolic rate stabilizes.

Question 11

When people run, they sweat, which cools them as the sweat evaporates.Sweating is a(n) _______ (active/passive) process that generates heat in the process of dissipating heat.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When people run, they sweat, which cools...

Question 12

You monitor a lizard's body temperature in the wild over the course of several days.During the day it maintains its body temperature within a very narrow range (35°C-38°C), but at night it drops into the 20°C range.You conclude the lizard is an

Accepted Answer

A)  endotherm using countercurrent heat exchange. 
B)  ectotherm using countercurrent heat exchange. 
C)  endotherm uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  ectotherm moving between sunny and shady areas. 
E)  ectotherm producing metabolic heat to warm itself. 
A)  endotherm using countercurrent heat exchange. 
B)  ectotherm using countercurrent heat exchange. 
C)  endotherm uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  ectotherm moving between sunny and shady areas. 
E)  ectotherm producing metabolic heat to warm itself.

Question 13

Which statement about thermoregulation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thermoregulatory set points are highest during sleep. 
B)  Entrance into hibernation begins with an increase in metabolic rate. 
C)  Aspirin can lower the hypothalamic set point of a person with a fever. 
D)  Hyperthermia may result from starvation. 
E)  Cooling the hypothalamus decreases metabolic rate. 
A)  Thermoregulatory set points are highest during sleep. 
B)  Entrance into hibernation begins with an increase in metabolic rate. 
C)  Aspirin can lower the hypothalamic set point of a person with a fever. 
D)  Hyperthermia may result from starvation. 
E)  Cooling the hypothalamus decreases metabolic rate.

Question 14

An ectotherm's metabolism adjusts to compensate for seasonal thermal changes.This is most likely made possible by the production of different

Accepted Answer

A)  thermogenins. 
B)  thermoneutral zones. 
C)  isozymes with temperature optima matching the season. 
D)  countercurrent exchangers. 
E)  kinds of adipose tissue. 
A)  thermogenins. 
B)  thermoneutral zones. 
C)  isozymes with temperature optima matching the season. 
D)  countercurrent exchangers. 
E)  kinds of adipose tissue.

Question 15

When Olympic marathoner Paula Radcliffe suddenly collapsed during a race in severe heat, it is possible that pyruvate kinase in her muscles had been inactivated, limiting the amount of _______ her muscle mitochondria could generate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Olympic marathoner Paula Radcliffe suddenly collapsed...

Question 16

In regulatory systems, sensors

Accepted Answer

A)  provide information to be compared with the internal set point. 
B)  integrate information. 
C)  issue commands to controlled systems. 
D)  move the system away from the set point. 
E)  reflect internal conditions. 
A)  provide information to be compared with the internal set point. 
B)  integrate information. 
C)  issue commands to controlled systems. 
D)  move the system away from the set point. 
E)  reflect internal conditions.

Question 17

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A temperature-insensitive reaction has a negative Q10. 
B)  Most biochemical reactions go slower as the temperature is raised. 
C)  The biochemical reactions that constitute an animal's metabolism may have different Q10's. 
D)  The smaller the Q10 of a reaction, the faster its rate rises in response to increases in temperature. 
E)  The larger the Q10 of a reaction, the slower its rate rises in response to increases in temperature. 
A)  A temperature-insensitive reaction has a negative Q10. 
B)  Most biochemical reactions go slower as the temperature is raised. 
C)  The biochemical reactions that constitute an animal's metabolism may have different Q10's. 
D)  The smaller the Q10 of a reaction, the faster its rate rises in response to increases in temperature. 
E)  The larger the Q10 of a reaction, the slower its rate rises in response to increases in temperature.

Question 18

"Hot" fishes

Accepted Answer

A)  lose less heat to the water because they infrequently pass water over their gills. 
B)  retain heat in swimming muscles. 
C)  can have a body temperature lower than the water temperature. 
D)  retain metabolic heat in their large dorsal aorta. 
E)  swim slowly. 
A)  lose less heat to the water because they infrequently pass water over their gills. 
B)  retain heat in swimming muscles. 
C)  can have a body temperature lower than the water temperature. 
D)  retain metabolic heat in their large dorsal aorta. 
E)  swim slowly.

Question 19

The thermoregulatory functions of the mammalian hypothalamus have been studied by implanting probes to heat or cool it.If its hypothalamus is cooled, an animal will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease metabolic heat production. 
B)  stop shivering. 
C)  produce more brown fat than white fat. 
D)  increase metabolic heat production. 
E)  immediately begin panting and sweating. 
A)  decrease metabolic heat production. 
B)  stop shivering. 
C)  produce more brown fat than white fat. 
D)  increase metabolic heat production. 
E)  immediately begin panting and sweating.

Question 20

Blood and bone are two different types of connective tissue.They are similar to one another in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  the function of their cells. 
B)  their location in the body. 
C)  the composition and properties of their extracellular matrices. 
D)  their cell packing. 
E)  developmental origins. 
A)  the function of their cells. 
B)  their location in the body. 
C)  the composition and properties of their extracellular matrices. 
D)  their cell packing. 
E)  developmental origins.

Exam 39: Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Lying wet on the hot sand after swimming, you absorb heat from the sand but lose heat by _______ and/or, if it is windy, by convection.

Refer to the graph. Which statement about the graph is true?

A Q10 value of 3 indicates that a reaction rate has _______ over a rise in temperature of 10°C.

If the Q10 = 2.5 for a given reaction, and the reaction produces 4,000 molecules per minute, _______ molecules per minute will be produced if body temperature is raised by 10°C.

In a mammal, metabolic rate is highest when the ambient temperature is _______ the thermoneutral zone and the animal is _______.

Glial cells are

What is the difference between negative feedback mechanisms and positive feedback mechanisms?

Which statement about hibernation in a ground squirrel is true?

As the environmental temperature in a closed chamber containing an endotherm such as a mouse or an ectotherm such as a lizard increases (from 15°C up to 25°C), the metabolic rate of the lizard _______, and that of the mouse _______.

Which occurs when temperature of the mammalian hypothalamus exceeds or drops below set points for thermoregulatory responses?

When people run, they sweat, which cools them as the sweat evaporates.Sweating is a(n) _______ (active/passive) process that generates heat in the process of dissipating heat.

You monitor a lizard's body temperature in the wild over the course of several days.During the day it maintains its body temperature within a very narrow range (35°C-38°C), but at night it drops into the 20°C range.You conclude the lizard is an

Which statement about thermoregulation is true?

An ectotherm's metabolism adjusts to compensate for seasonal thermal changes.This is most likely made possible by the production of different

When Olympic marathoner Paula Radcliffe suddenly collapsed during a race in severe heat, it is possible that pyruvate kinase in her muscles had been inactivated, limiting the amount of _______ her muscle mitochondria could generate.

In regulatory systems, sensors

Which statement is true?

"Hot" fishes

The thermoregulatory functions of the mammalian hypothalamus have been studied by implanting probes to heat or cool it.If its hypothalamus is cooled, an animal will

Blood and bone are two different types of connective tissue.They are similar to one another in terms of

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A Q₁₀ value of 3 indicates that a reaction rate has _______ over a rise in temperature of 10°C.

If the Q₁₀ = 2.5 for a given reaction, and the reaction produces 4,000 molecules per minute, _______ molecules per minute will be produced if body temperature is raised by 10°C.

In a mammal, metabolic rate is highest when the ambient temperature is _ the thermoneutral zone and the animal is _.

As the environmental temperature in a closed chamber containing an endotherm such as a mouse or an ectotherm such as a lizard increases (from 15°C up to 25°C), the metabolic rate of the lizard _, and that of the mouse _.