Question 1

Countercurrent heat exchange in "hot" fish

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the transfer of heat from warm blood coming from the muscles to cold blood flowing into the muscles. 
B)  allows "hot" fish to maintain cooler body temperatures in warm water. 
C)  is found in mostly small, rapidly swimming fish. 
D)  maintains a fish's sustainable power output over a 10°C rise in water temperature. 
E)  ensures that blood warmed in the gills flows directly to the heart. 
A)  involves the transfer of heat from warm blood coming from the muscles to cold blood flowing into the muscles. 
B)  allows "hot" fish to maintain cooler body temperatures in warm water. 
C)  is found in mostly small, rapidly swimming fish. 
D)  maintains a fish's sustainable power output over a 10°C rise in water temperature. 
E)  ensures that blood warmed in the gills flows directly to the heart.

Question 2

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rapid environmental change, such as the present global warming, may place animals at risk of being exposed to conditions that exceed their thermal tolerances. 
B)  The biochemical reactions of organisms are mostly independent of each other. 
C)  Dramatic changes in body temperature are the result of homeostasis. 
D)  Metabolic functions are more sensitive to long-term changes in temperature than to short-term changes. 
E)  Thermal tolerances are unrelated to the distribution ranges of organisms. 
A)  Rapid environmental change, such as the present global warming, may place animals at risk of being exposed to conditions that exceed their thermal tolerances. 
B)  The biochemical reactions of organisms are mostly independent of each other. 
C)  Dramatic changes in body temperature are the result of homeostasis. 
D)  Metabolic functions are more sensitive to long-term changes in temperature than to short-term changes. 
E)  Thermal tolerances are unrelated to the distribution ranges of organisms.

Question 3

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When body temperature rises, blood flow to the skin decreases. 
B)  Endotherms, but not ectotherms, control blood flow to the skin. 
C)  When the environment is too cold, blood flow to the skin increases. 
D)  Blood vessels in the extremities widen in response to decreases in body temperature. 
E)  When body temperature rises, mammals transport heat to hairless skin surfaces. 
A)  When body temperature rises, blood flow to the skin decreases. 
B)  Endotherms, but not ectotherms, control blood flow to the skin. 
C)  When the environment is too cold, blood flow to the skin increases. 
D)  Blood vessels in the extremities widen in response to decreases in body temperature. 
E)  When body temperature rises, mammals transport heat to hairless skin surfaces.

Question 4

Refer to the figure.   When the dentist drills your tooth and you feel a sudden sharp pain, what type of cell has carried that pain information to your brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 5

The metabolic rate of a mammal resting at a temperature within its thermoneutral zone is

Accepted Answer

A)  known as homeostasis. 
B)  known as basal metabolic rate. 
C)  known as hibernation. 
D)  inversely proportional to ambient temperature. 
E)  known as upper critical temperature. 
A)  known as homeostasis. 
B)  known as basal metabolic rate. 
C)  known as hibernation. 
D)  inversely proportional to ambient temperature. 
E)  known as upper critical temperature.

Question 6

Stratified squamous epithelium

Accepted Answer

A)  is made up of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. 
B)  forms kidney tubules. 
C)  is made up of several layers of cells, the outer layers of which are flattened. 
D)  is made up of tall, slender cells and is found in the gut. 
E)  is made up of several layers of cube-shaped cells. 
A)  is made up of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. 
B)  forms kidney tubules. 
C)  is made up of several layers of cells, the outer layers of which are flattened. 
D)  is made up of tall, slender cells and is found in the gut. 
E)  is made up of several layers of cube-shaped cells.

Question 7

Refer to the figure.   Use the following terms to label the organs and four main tissue types in the figure: connective tissue, epithelial cells, mucosa, nervous tissue, small intestine, smooth muscle, stomach.(Note: Terms may be used more than once.)

Accepted Answer

a. Stomach
b. Small intestine

Question 8

Refer to the graph.   If the plot shows data collected from an experiment on a dog, at which environmental temperature(s) is the metabolism of the dog at its basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  About 0°C 
B)  Below 27°C 
C)  Between 28°C and 35°C 
D)  Above 37°C 
E)  About 40°C 
A)  About 0°C 
B)  Below 27°C 
C)  Between 28°C and 35°C 
D)  Above 37°C 
E)  About 40°C

Question 9

Refer to the graph showing the body temperatures of different types of organisms in the same environmental temperatures.   The reaction of a mouse to different environmental temperatures is represented by the curve labeled _______.When the mouse is at the environmental temperature marked by an X on the x axis, the mouse might _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  A; utilize brown fat 
B)  B; utilize brown fat 
C)  A; increase blood flow to the skin 
D)  B; increase blood flow to the skin 
E)  B; assume a more compact posture 
A)  A; utilize brown fat 
B)  B; utilize brown fat 
C)  A; increase blood flow to the skin 
D)  B; increase blood flow to the skin 
E)  B; assume a more compact posture

Question 10

Effectors

Accepted Answer

A)  provide feedback information for comparison with internal set points. 
B)  control regulatory systems. 
C)  stimulate negative feedback mechanisms. 
D)  cause change in the internal environment. 
E)  stimulate positive feedback mechanisms. 
A)  provide feedback information for comparison with internal set points. 
B)  control regulatory systems. 
C)  stimulate negative feedback mechanisms. 
D)  cause change in the internal environment. 
E)  stimulate positive feedback mechanisms.

Question 11

If a woman has about 3 liters of blood plasma, then she will have about _______ liters of interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes all her cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a woman has about 3 liters...

Question 12

Which type of tissue is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Connective 
B)  Nervous 
C)  Matrix 
D)  Muscle 
E)  Epithelial 
A)  Connective 
B)  Nervous 
C)  Matrix 
D)  Muscle 
E)  Epithelial

Question 13

Which parameters do physiologists use to measure metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen consumption and body temperature 
B)  Carbon dioxide production and body temperature 
C)  Body temperature and food consumption 
D)  Food consumption and carbon dioxide consumption 
E)  Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production 
A)  Oxygen consumption and body temperature 
B)  Carbon dioxide production and body temperature 
C)  Body temperature and food consumption 
D)  Food consumption and carbon dioxide consumption 
E)  Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production

Question 14

Suppose an airline pilot sets an aircraft's engines to produce a velocity of 450 mph and measures that speed using an instrument on the outside of the plane.When another pilot reports turbulence ahead, the pilot changes the velocity set point to 350 mph.The other pilot is providing

Accepted Answer

A)  an error signal. 
B)  negative feedback. 
C)  positive feedback. 
D)  feedforward information. 
E)  homeostasis. 
A)  an error signal. 
B)  negative feedback. 
C)  positive feedback. 
D)  feedforward information. 
E)  homeostasis.

Question 15

Which is an adaptation used by endotherms, but not by ectotherms, to produce an increase in body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated contraction of flight muscles without movement 
B)  Cluster or huddling behavior 
C)  Decreased surface-to-surface contact with a cold environment 
D)  Circulatory changes to maintain core or internal temperatures greater than the animal's peripheral temperatures 
E)  Metabolism of brown fat 
A)  Repeated contraction of flight muscles without movement 
B)  Cluster or huddling behavior 
C)  Decreased surface-to-surface contact with a cold environment 
D)  Circulatory changes to maintain core or internal temperatures greater than the animal's peripheral temperatures 
E)  Metabolism of brown fat

Question 16

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The thermoneutral zone of an endotherm is bounded by a lower critical temperature and an upper critical temperature. 
B)  Below the thermoneutral zone, an endotherm's thermoregulatory responses do not require a lot of energy. 
C)  Above the thermoneutral zone, an endotherm's thermoregulatory responses do not require a lot of energy. 
D)  Within the thermoneutral zone, an endotherm's thermoregulatory responses require a lot of energy. 
E)  At temperatures well outside the thermoneutral zone, endotherms can still maintain their body temperatures without expending additional energy. 
A)  The thermoneutral zone of an endotherm is bounded by a lower critical temperature and an upper critical temperature. 
B)  Below the thermoneutral zone, an endotherm's thermoregulatory responses do not require a lot of energy. 
C)  Above the thermoneutral zone, an endotherm's thermoregulatory responses do not require a lot of energy. 
D)  Within the thermoneutral zone, an endotherm's thermoregulatory responses require a lot of energy. 
E)  At temperatures well outside the thermoneutral zone, endotherms can still maintain their body temperatures without expending additional energy.

Question 17

Which statement about endotherms is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can lower their body temperature by producing heat metabolically. 
B)  They can raise their body temperature by mobilizing active mechanisms of heat loss. 
C)  They respond to cold by mobilizing active mechanisms for heat loss. 
D)  Some can use regulated hypothermia to conserve energy. 
E)  Endothermy likely evolved in animals where a mutation prevented leaks in ion channels, giving them a selective advantage by increasing their time of activity in the cooler night temperatures. 
A)  They can lower their body temperature by producing heat metabolically. 
B)  They can raise their body temperature by mobilizing active mechanisms of heat loss. 
C)  They respond to cold by mobilizing active mechanisms for heat loss. 
D)  Some can use regulated hypothermia to conserve energy. 
E)  Endothermy likely evolved in animals where a mutation prevented leaks in ion channels, giving them a selective advantage by increasing their time of activity in the cooler night temperatures.

Question 18

A lizard lives in a temperate desert environment where the temperature is cold at night and warm during the day.In order for the lizard to maintain the most stable body temperature, it would most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  stay in a burrow during the night and shuttle between the sun and shade on the surface during the day. 
B)  stay on the surface during the night and move to a burrow during the day. 
C)  increase its metabolism and heat production during the night and decrease it during the day. 
D)  decrease its metabolism and heat production during the night and increase it during the day. 
E)  move into a state of hypothermia during the night and a state of torpor during the day. 
A)  stay in a burrow during the night and shuttle between the sun and shade on the surface during the day. 
B)  stay on the surface during the night and move to a burrow during the day. 
C)  increase its metabolism and heat production during the night and decrease it during the day. 
D)  decrease its metabolism and heat production during the night and increase it during the day. 
E)  move into a state of hypothermia during the night and a state of torpor during the day.

Question 19

Acclimatization

Accepted Answer

A)  is evolutionary change. 
B)  is the physiological adjustment made by organisms to gradual changes in their environment. 
C)  occurs only in aquatic organisms. 
D)  occurs only in terrestrial organisms, because aquatic environments change slowly. 
E)  occurs across the day. 
A)  is evolutionary change. 
B)  is the physiological adjustment made by organisms to gradual changes in their environment. 
C)  occurs only in aquatic organisms. 
D)  occurs only in terrestrial organisms, because aquatic environments change slowly. 
E)  occurs across the day.

Question 20

Refer to the graph showing how different types of organisms respond to changes in environmental temperature.   One of these curves represents a lizard, and the other represents a mouse.Which curve corresponds to which animal? At what environmental temperatures are the metabolic rates of the lizard the highest and the lowest? At what environmental temperatures are the metabolic rates of the mouse the highest and the lowest?

Accepted Answer

Curve B is for a lizard. The highest met

Exam 39: Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Countercurrent heat exchange in "hot" fish

Which statement is true?

Which statement is true?

Refer to the figure. When the dentist drills your tooth and you feel a sudden sharp pain, what type of cell has carried that pain information to your brain?

The metabolic rate of a mammal resting at a temperature within its thermoneutral zone is

Stratified squamous epithelium

Refer to the figure. Use the following terms to label the organs and four main tissue types in the figure: connective tissue, epithelial cells, mucosa, nervous tissue, small intestine, smooth muscle, stomach.(Note: Terms may be used more than once.)

Refer to the graph. If the plot shows data collected from an experiment on a dog, at which environmental temperature(s) is the metabolism of the dog at its basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Effectors

If a woman has about 3 liters of blood plasma, then she will have about _______ liters of interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes all her cells.

Which type of tissue is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes?

Which parameters do physiologists use to measure metabolic rate?

Suppose an airline pilot sets an aircraft's engines to produce a velocity of 450 mph and measures that speed using an instrument on the outside of the plane.When another pilot reports turbulence ahead, the pilot changes the velocity set point to 350 mph.The other pilot is providing

Which is an adaptation used by endotherms, but not by ectotherms, to produce an increase in body temperature?

Which statement is correct?

Which statement about endotherms is true?

A lizard lives in a temperate desert environment where the temperature is cold at night and warm during the day.In order for the lizard to maintain the most stable body temperature, it would most likely

Acclimatization

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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