Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

In an experiment a culture of bacteria is plated onto six agarose plates with nutrients that support their growth.One set of three plates are exposed to visible light, and the second set of three plates are exposed to ultraviolet radiation.This experiment is appropriate for studying the effect of _______ on DNA replication.

Which chromosomal mutation would allow protein X to remain functional?

Which type of mutation involves two different nonhomologous chromosomes?

Suppose one restriction enzyme (enzyme A, which targets a given sequence) makes one cut in a linear DNA fragment, and another restriction enzyme (enzyme B, which targets another distinct sequence) makes another cut in that same DNA.The cuts are not in the same place, and no two cut fragments are exactly the same size.The restriction digest is set up on an electrophoresis gel.How many bands should appear on the gel if both enzymes, A and B, are used in the restriction digest?

DNA analysis with _______ such as SNPs and STRs can be used to answer questions related to the diversity of life.

Suppose restriction enzyme A makes two cuts in a linear DNA fragment and restriction enzyme B makes one cut in that same DNA.The cuts are not in the same place, and no two of the cut fragments is exactly the same size.The digested samples are run in an electrophoresis gel.How many bands should the gel pick up if only enzyme A is used in the restriction digest?

The wrinkled seed allele in pea plants (one of Mendel's traits) is due to a _______ mutation and is _______.

DNA _______ combines PCR with restriction analysis and electrophoresis.

Erythropoietin is a growth factor important for the generation of red blood cells (RBCs).In the bone marrow, the cells that will differentiate and proliferate to produce RBCs express a cell surface receptor that is activated by erythropoietin (EpoR).Eero Antero Mäntyranta from Finland was an Olympic skier who was accused of "blood doping" when drug testing revealed that he had abnormally high numbers of RBCs.However, this was a known condition in his family for many generations.A researcher who was studying this family trait discovered that the phenotype was the result of a deletion mutation in the EPOR gene.Mutant EpoR could not be negatively regulated, which resulted in increased production of RBCs.When it comes to competing in competitive sports, this EPOR _______ mutation has proven _______.

Which mutation would result in a SNP?

Refer to the figure. The figure presents the data from individuals who have been tested for sickle-cell anemia using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.The solid circles represent hybridization; the lined circles represent lack of hybridization.Which individuals are carriers for sickle-cell anemia?

Which DNA sequence would most likely be recognized by a restriction enzyme? (Note: Only the coding strand is shown.)

The functional activity of the KRAS protein promotes cell proliferation and is often mutated in leukemia (cancer of a type of blood cell).In a B cell leukemia, a clinical researcher identifies a G → A transition at the second base of codon 12, resulting in a glycine → aspartic acid substitution in the protein.In normal cells, KRAS protein function can be activated and suppressed by the activity of other proteins.In contrast, in the leukemic cells, KRAS protein function is resistant to suppression.This is an example of a _______ mutation generating a_______-of-function mutation.

Which statement is not one of the reasons that STRs can be used for DNA fingerprinting?

A retrovirus inserts DNA into a mammalian egg.This DNA is incorporated into the egg's genome and is transmitted to subsequent generations.The viral DNA is now said to be

Suppose that in one cell in your skin, chromosome 14 and chromosome 18 exchange genetic materials.This change is inherited by subsequent cells.This is an example of a _______ mutation that is also a(n) _______.

One son of Great Britain's Queen Victoria was born with the X-linked disease hemophilia, and two of her daughters were carriers, as some of their male children were born with hemophilia.King Albert did not have hemophilia, nor did any of Queen Victoria's relatives on her mother's side.Based on this information, the hemophilia mutation most likely originated

Refer to the figure. The figure shows a series of STRs (just for one locus) for a mother, a child, and three men who are all being considered as the possible biological father (A, B, and C).Which bands are shared between the mother and child?

A mutation in genetic material that occurs without any outside influence is known as a _______ mutation.

Abnormal genes are detected most accurately by examining