Question 1

Multifactorial (complex) diseases

Accepted Answer

A)  are less common than single-gene diseases. 
B)  involve the interaction of many genes with the environment. 
C)  affect less than 1 percent of humans. 
D)  involve the interactions of several mRNAs. 
E)  are exemplified by sickle-cell disease. 
A)  are less common than single-gene diseases. 
B)  involve the interaction of many genes with the environment. 
C)  affect less than 1 percent of humans. 
D)  involve the interactions of several mRNAs. 
E)  are exemplified by sickle-cell disease.

Question 2

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows STR patterns at a hypothetical locus in a family in which some individuals develop high cholesterol.Immediately below the STR patterns are the cholesterol levels of each corresponding individual.Do the patterns in the figure prove that the STR locus has a causal role in cholesterol levels? Explain.

Accepted Answer

No. The STR could be

Question 3

Genetic screening

Accepted Answer

A)  can be used to treat embryos carrying a mutant allele. 
B)  requires that gene sequences are the same in affected and unaffected individuals. 
C)  can be used to identify fathers who are carriers for X-linked alleles. 
D)  can be used to identify mutant alleles in embryos. 
E)  requires dissimilarity between the alleles being tested and those that are linked to a particular disease. 
A)  can be used to treat embryos carrying a mutant allele. 
B)  requires that gene sequences are the same in affected and unaffected individuals. 
C)  can be used to identify fathers who are carriers for X-linked alleles. 
D)  can be used to identify mutant alleles in embryos. 
E)  requires dissimilarity between the alleles being tested and those that are linked to a particular disease.

Question 4

Treating a disease by supplying a missing protein is an example of modifying the _______; somatic cell gene therapy is an example of modifying _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype; the genotype 
B)  genotype; the phenotype 
C)  genotype; neither the genotype nor the phenotype 
D)  phenotype; the genotype 
E)  phenotype; the phenotype 
A)  genotype; the genotype 
B)  genotype; the phenotype 
C)  genotype; neither the genotype nor the phenotype 
D)  phenotype; the genotype 
E)  phenotype; the phenotype

Question 5

Drosophila melanogaster flies that have the Shaker mutation appear normal at room temperature.If you hold a vial of flies with this mutation for a few minutes (i.e., warm the vial to body temperature, or 37oC), the flies become uncoordinated because of the warmth of your hand.If you remove your hand, the flies soon recover.Based on this information, which statement about the Shaker mutation must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is permissive at 37oC. 
B)  It is a reversion mutation. 
C)  It improves flight at temperatures lower than 37oC. 
D)  It is a recessive mutation. 
E)  It is restrictive at 37oC. 
A)  It is permissive at 37oC. 
B)  It is a reversion mutation. 
C)  It improves flight at temperatures lower than 37oC. 
D)  It is a recessive mutation. 
E)  It is restrictive at 37oC.

Question 6

Bacteria add _______ to their DNA to protect it from their own restriction enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenyl groups 
B)  carboxyl groups 
C)  methyl groups 
D)  uracil 
E)  enzymes 
A)  phenyl groups 
B)  carboxyl groups 
C)  methyl groups 
D)  uracil 
E)  enzymes

Question 7

A _______ cell is a germ line cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  sperm 
B)  heart 
C)  skin 
D)  breast 
E)  prostate 
A)  sperm 
B)  heart 
C)  skin 
D)  breast 
E)  prostate

Question 8

Refer to the figure.   The restriction enzyme EcoR1 recognizes the palindromic sequence of GAATTC.You know the sequence of a protein but not the DNA sequence.You would like to have an idea about where in the gene there could be EcoR1 active sites.Which two consecutive amino acids could have nucleotide codons that would generate an EcoR1 active site in the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alanine and aspartic acid 
B)  Glutamic acid and phenylalanine 
C)  Aspartic acid and phenylalanine 
D)  Leucine and lysine 
E)  Lysine and leucine 
A)  Alanine and aspartic acid 
B)  Glutamic acid and phenylalanine 
C)  Aspartic acid and phenylalanine 
D)  Leucine and lysine 
E)  Lysine and leucine

Question 9

In a gel electrophoresis experiment, researchers notice that one DNA band on the gel appears much darker than the others.The DNA fragment forming the band is most likely _______ than the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  a shorter fragment 
B)  a longer fragment 
C)  more negatively charged 
D)  less negatively charged 
E)  more abundant 
A)  a shorter fragment 
B)  a longer fragment 
C)  more negatively charged 
D)  less negatively charged 
E)  more abundant

Question 10

Which statement regarding short tandem repeats (STRs) is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  STRs are inherited. 
B)  STRs are usually the result of a single nucleotide base mutation. 
C)  The FBI uses STR loci in its database to solve crimes. 
D)  STRs were used to confirm the identity of Osama bin Laden. 
E)  DNA fingerprinting in the United States usually involves STR analysis. 
A)  STRs are inherited. 
B)  STRs are usually the result of a single nucleotide base mutation. 
C)  The FBI uses STR loci in its database to solve crimes. 
D)  STRs were used to confirm the identity of Osama bin Laden. 
E)  DNA fingerprinting in the United States usually involves STR analysis.

Question 11

Parkinson's disease is associated with too little production of GABA.Which therapy would be most appropriate to treat this disorder in an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  Germ line cell 
B)  Gamete cell 
C)  Ex vivo 
D)  In vivo 
E)  In vitro 
A)  Germ line cell 
B)  Gamete cell 
C)  Ex vivo 
D)  In vivo 
E)  In vitro

Question 12

Mutations that exhibit the altered phenotype under certain restrictive conditions are referred to as _______ mutations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutations that exhibit the altered phenotype under...

Question 13

Restricting the substrate would most likely be an effective treatment in cases when

Accepted Answer

A)  the mutation is a gain-of-function mutation. 
B)  the product of the reaction is required for survival. 
C)  it is difficult to limit exposure to the substrate. 
D)  the substrate is a nonessential food source. 
E)  the substrate is unknown. 
A)  the mutation is a gain-of-function mutation. 
B)  the product of the reaction is required for survival. 
C)  it is difficult to limit exposure to the substrate. 
D)  the substrate is a nonessential food source. 
E)  the substrate is unknown.

Question 14

The first three nucleotides of one strand of a six-base palindromic restriction site are 5ʹ…AGC.Thus the next three nucleotides should be _______ (show orientation).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first three nucleotides of one strand...

Question 15

Which DNA sequence forms a palindromic sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  GTCCCG 
B)  GTACGC 
C)  TACG 
D)  TACT 
E)  ACGT 
A)  GTCCCG 
B)  GTACGC 
C)  TACG 
D)  TACT 
E)  ACGT

Question 16

Analysis of the abnormal white blood cells of a patient with leukemia, a type of cancer, reveals that a protein, termed LP, is always functionally active.In normal white blood cells this protein is found to be only functionally active in response to growth stimuli that induce cell division.Surprisingly, sequencing of leukemic cell DNA shows that both LP alleles in the patient's leukemic cells are normal.However, the DNA sequencing also reveals that both alleles of protein ILP, which normally inhibits LP activity in the absence of growth stimuli, have each acquired a mutation.Further research proves that these _______ mutations in both ILP alleles are the reason why LP is always active and, consequently, induces the leukemic cells to constantly undergo cell division.

Accepted Answer

A)  loss-of-function 
B)  gain-of-function 
C)  silent 
D)  reversion 
E)  conditional 
A)  loss-of-function 
B)  gain-of-function 
C)  silent 
D)  reversion 
E)  conditional

Question 17

A baby is failing to thrive and has urine with an abnormal odor.Analysis of the baby's urine reveals that it contains amino acids not normally excreted in urine.The urinalysis results and poor health of the baby strongly suggest that the baby has a _______ disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A baby is failing to thrive and...

Question 18

In a gel electrophoresis experiment, researchers notice that one band has migrated much farther on the gel than the others.They conclude that it is _______ than the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  a shorter fragment 
B)  a longer fragment 
C)  more negatively charged 
D)  less negatively charged 
E)  more abundant 
A)  a shorter fragment 
B)  a longer fragment 
C)  more negatively charged 
D)  less negatively charged 
E)  more abundant

Question 19

A restriction enzyme cuts a 23,500 bp segment of DNA into three fragments.Fragment A is 7,800 bp, and fragment B is 10,600 bp.How long is fragment C, and which of the fragments will move the farthest in an electrophoresis gel?

Accepted Answer

A)  5,100 bp; fragment C 
B)  5,100 bp; fragment A 
C)  7,700 bp; fragment A 
D)  11,900 bp; fragment A 
E)  11,900 bp; fragment C 
A)  5,100 bp; fragment C 
B)  5,100 bp; fragment A 
C)  7,700 bp; fragment A 
D)  11,900 bp; fragment A 
E)  11,900 bp; fragment C

Question 20

Which of the following treatments involves restricting the substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of statin drugs to reduce cholesterol 
B)  Giving children with PKU Lofenalac instead of formula 
C)  Germ line gene therapy 
D)  Somatic cell gene therapy 
E)  Providing individuals with glutamate decarboxylase 
A)  Use of statin drugs to reduce cholesterol 
B)  Giving children with PKU Lofenalac instead of formula 
C)  Germ line gene therapy 
D)  Somatic cell gene therapy 
E)  Providing individuals with glutamate decarboxylase

Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Multifactorial (complex) diseases

Genetic screening

Treating a disease by supplying a missing protein is an example of modifying the _______; somatic cell gene therapy is an example of modifying _______.

Bacteria add _______ to their DNA to protect it from their own restriction enzymes.

A _______ cell is a germ line cell.

In a gel electrophoresis experiment, researchers notice that one DNA band on the gel appears much darker than the others.The DNA fragment forming the band is most likely _______ than the others.

Which statement regarding short tandem repeats (STRs) is false?

Parkinson's disease is associated with too little production of GABA.Which therapy would be most appropriate to treat this disorder in an adult?

Mutations that exhibit the altered phenotype under certain restrictive conditions are referred to as _______ mutations.

Restricting the substrate would most likely be an effective treatment in cases when

The first three nucleotides of one strand of a six-base palindromic restriction site are 5ʹ…AGC.Thus the next three nucleotides should be _______ (show orientation).

Which DNA sequence forms a palindromic sequence?

A baby is failing to thrive and has urine with an abnormal odor.Analysis of the baby's urine reveals that it contains amino acids not normally excreted in urine.The urinalysis results and poor health of the baby strongly suggest that the baby has a _______ disease.

In a gel electrophoresis experiment, researchers notice that one band has migrated much farther on the gel than the others.They conclude that it is _______ than the others.

A restriction enzyme cuts a 23,500 bp segment of DNA into three fragments.Fragment A is 7,800 bp, and fragment B is 10,600 bp.How long is fragment C, and which of the fragments will move the farthest in an electrophoresis gel?

Which of the following treatments involves restricting the substrate?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

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Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

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Treating a disease by supplying a missing protein is an example of modifying the _; somatic cell gene therapy is an example of modifying _.