Question 1

The type of mutation most commonly observed after exposure to nitrous acid is most like the types of mutation that come from

Accepted Answer

A)  UV radiation. 
B)  nondisjunction. 
C)  benzopyrene. 
D)  spontaneous deamination. 
E)  errors made by DNA polymerase. 
A)  UV radiation. 
B)  nondisjunction. 
C)  benzopyrene. 
D)  spontaneous deamination. 
E)  errors made by DNA polymerase.

Question 2

A familial increase in incidence of breast and ovary cancer is likely due to a genetic mutation in the _______ gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A familial increase in incidence of breast...

Question 3

A child who has inherited sickle-cell disease alleles from both parents does not exhibit the symptoms of a homozygote.What could account for this outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  One of the alleles has expanded triplet repeats. 
B)  One of the alleles has undergone a deletion. 
C)  One of the alleles has undergone a spontaneous mutation. 
D)  One of the alleles has undergone a reversion. 
E)  One of the alleles has been duplicated. 
A)  One of the alleles has expanded triplet repeats. 
B)  One of the alleles has undergone a deletion. 
C)  One of the alleles has undergone a spontaneous mutation. 
D)  One of the alleles has undergone a reversion. 
E)  One of the alleles has been duplicated.

Question 4

Hemoglobin diseases are believed to be protective against the mosquito-borne protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is the causative agent of falciparum malaria.In which regions of the world would you most likely see populations with high frequencies of hemoglobin mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polar regions 
B)  Desert regions 
C)  Tropical regions 
D)  High altitudes 
E)  Boreal forests 
A)  Polar regions 
B)  Desert regions 
C)  Tropical regions 
D)  High altitudes 
E)  Boreal forests

Question 5

Chorionic villus sampling is a form of _______ genetic screening.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chorionic villus sampling is a form of...

Question 6

What is the common treatment for hemophilia A?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic inhibition 
B)  Restricting the substrate 
C)  Ex vivo gene therapy 
D)  In vivo gene therapy 
E)  Supplying a missing protein 
A)  Metabolic inhibition 
B)  Restricting the substrate 
C)  Ex vivo gene therapy 
D)  In vivo gene therapy 
E)  Supplying a missing protein

Question 7

Abnormal genes are detected most accurately by examining

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes. 
B)  the substrate levels of enzymes. 
C)  the levels of enzyme products. 
D)  mRNA concentrations. 
E)  DNA. 
A)  enzymes. 
B)  the substrate levels of enzymes. 
C)  the levels of enzyme products. 
D)  mRNA concentrations. 
E)  DNA.

Question 8

Bacterial restriction endonucleases provide a type of "immunity" to viral infections.Describe how these endonucleases protect a bacterial cell from viral infections.

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonucleases cut DNA at spe

Question 9

Which mutation does not change the amount of genetic material on a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  A deletion 
B)  An inversion 
C)  A duplication 
D)  A translocation 
E)  A frame shift 
A)  A deletion 
B)  An inversion 
C)  A duplication 
D)  A translocation 
E)  A frame shift

Question 10

A disease _______ is most likely treated by supplying the patient with a missing protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  that is due to a gain-of-function mutation 
B)  that is due to a loss-of-function mutation 
C)  that has a complex phenotype 
D)  whose cause is multifactorial 
E)  that results from an overactive enzyme 
A)  that is due to a gain-of-function mutation 
B)  that is due to a loss-of-function mutation 
C)  that has a complex phenotype 
D)  whose cause is multifactorial 
E)  that results from an overactive enzyme

Question 11

Which mutation would not alter the function of protein X?

Accepted Answer

A)  A missense mutation in the third codon of gene X 
B)  A silent mutation in the third codon of gene X 
C)  A deletion of the first three codons of gene X 
D)  A frame-shift mutation in the third codon of gene X 
E)  A nonsense mutation in the third codon of gene X 
A)  A missense mutation in the third codon of gene X 
B)  A silent mutation in the third codon of gene X 
C)  A deletion of the first three codons of gene X 
D)  A frame-shift mutation in the third codon of gene X 
E)  A nonsense mutation in the third codon of gene X

Question 12

A geneticist suspects that a patient has some type of metabolic disease, but the patient's symptoms match those presented by a number of metabolic diseases.To determine whether the patient has one of these metabolic diseases, the geneticist can use _______ analysis to identify the specific mutation (or mutations) that is the basis of the clinical phenotype.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A geneticist suspects that a patient has...

Question 13

A bacterial cell has been exposed to a powerful mutagen.The first line below is the sequence of the ancestral cell, and the second line is for the descendant cell.Intervening sequences where the ancestral and descendant cells have the identical sequences are represented by dots. Ancestral: ...ACT...GCA...CAA...CTG...
Descendant: ...ATT...GTA...CAG...CAG...
There have been _______ transitions and _______ transversions.

Accepted Answer

A)  zero; four 
B)  one; three 
C)  two; two 
D)  three; one 
E)  three; two 
A)  zero; four 
B)  one; three 
C)  two; two 
D)  three; one 
E)  three; two

Question 14

Duchenne muscular dystrophy typically results from _______ dystrophin.

Accepted Answer

A)  point mutations of 
B)  deletions of 
C)  duplications of 
D)  translocations involving 
E)  inversions involving 
A)  point mutations of 
B)  deletions of 
C)  duplications of 
D)  translocations involving 
E)  inversions involving

Question 15

Before the advent of gene therapy, the most common treatment for Parkinson's disease involved

Accepted Answer

A)  restricting the substrate. 
B)  metabolic inhibitors. 
C)  supplying missing molecules. 
D)  allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. 
E)  There was no treatment available for Parkinson's disease before gene therapy. 
A)  restricting the substrate. 
B)  metabolic inhibitors. 
C)  supplying missing molecules. 
D)  allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. 
E)  There was no treatment available for Parkinson's disease before gene therapy.

Question 16

A researcher is studying bacteriophage infection of various bacterial strains.All of the strains are lysed when the bacteriophage has successfully replicated, except for one, strain R.Analysis of the DNA contained within infected strain R reveals that the bacteriophage has successfully inserted its DNA into the bacteria but the DNA is broken down into smaller fragments.This is evidence that strain R expresses one or more _______ that cleave bacteriophage DNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is studying bacteriophage infection of...

Question 17

A bacterial cell has been exposed to a powerful mutagen.The chromosomal sequences of the ancestral cell and the descendant cell are shown.(The ellipses represent intervening sequences that are identical.)   Based on this information, there have been _______ transitions and _______ transversions.

Accepted Answer

A)  0; 5 
B)  2; 3 
C)  2; 5 
D)  3; 2 
E)  3; 3 
A)  0; 5 
B)  2; 3 
C)  2; 5 
D)  3; 2 
E)  3; 3

Question 18

After running gel electrophoresis on restriction enzyme-digested DNA, you have the expected results but observe that the band you are interested in is rather light.How would you make it darker using the same sample source?

Accepted Answer

A)  Run the gel again for a longer period of time 
B)  Run the gel again for a shorter period of time 
C)  Digest the DNA again, then run the gel again 
D)  Run the gel again with less DNA 
E)  Run the gel again with more DNA 
A)  Run the gel again for a longer period of time 
B)  Run the gel again for a shorter period of time 
C)  Digest the DNA again, then run the gel again 
D)  Run the gel again with less DNA 
E)  Run the gel again with more DNA

Question 19

To infect T cells, M-tropic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) strains bind to the cell surface protein CCR5, which is normally a receptor for various immunity-related factors.About 10 percent of Scandinavians are heterozygous for a CCR5 allele with a 32-base-pair deletion that introduces a premature stop codon, thereby creating a protein that binds neither factors nor virus.Heterozygous individuals exhibit some resistance to M-tropic HIV-1 infection, and homozygous individuals are very resistant to infection.In the case of HIV-1, this _______ mutation has proven to be _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gain-of-function; harmful 
B)  loss-of-function; harmful 
C)  induced; beneficial 
D)  loss-of-function; beneficial 
E)  induced; harmful 
A)  gain-of-function; harmful 
B)  loss-of-function; harmful 
C)  induced; beneficial 
D)  loss-of-function; beneficial 
E)  induced; harmful

Question 20

The "S" in SNP stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  simple. 
B)  standard. 
C)  seminal. 
D)  Sanger. 
E)  single. 
A)  simple. 
B)  standard. 
C)  seminal. 
D)  Sanger. 
E)  single.

Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

The type of mutation most commonly observed after exposure to nitrous acid is most like the types of mutation that come from

A familial increase in incidence of breast and ovary cancer is likely due to a genetic mutation in the _______ gene.

A child who has inherited sickle-cell disease alleles from both parents does not exhibit the symptoms of a homozygote.What could account for this outcome?

Hemoglobin diseases are believed to be protective against the mosquito-borne protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is the causative agent of falciparum malaria.In which regions of the world would you most likely see populations with high frequencies of hemoglobin mutations?

Chorionic villus sampling is a form of _______ genetic screening.

What is the common treatment for hemophilia A?

Abnormal genes are detected most accurately by examining

Bacterial restriction endonucleases provide a type of "immunity" to viral infections.Describe how these endonucleases protect a bacterial cell from viral infections.

Which mutation does not change the amount of genetic material on a chromosome?

A disease _______ is most likely treated by supplying the patient with a missing protein.

Which mutation would not alter the function of protein X?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy typically results from _______ dystrophin.

Before the advent of gene therapy, the most common treatment for Parkinson's disease involved

A bacterial cell has been exposed to a powerful mutagen.The chromosomal sequences of the ancestral cell and the descendant cell are shown.(The ellipses represent intervening sequences that are identical.) Based on this information, there have been _______ transitions and _______ transversions.

After running gel electrophoresis on restriction enzyme-digested DNA, you have the expected results but observe that the band you are interested in is rather light.How would you make it darker using the same sample source?

The "S" in SNP stands for

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A bacterial cell has been exposed to a powerful mutagen.The chromosomal sequences of the ancestral cell and the descendant cell are shown.(The ellipses represent intervening sequences that are identical.) Based on this information, there have been _ transitions and _ transversions.