Question 1

Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a defense mechanism; these enzymes cut up foreign DNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a...

Question 2

A medical researcher finds a high incidence of covalent bonds between thymine and other nucleotides in the DNA of skin cells of a patient.The most likely cause is

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to cigarette smoke. 
B)  a defective DNA polymerase. 
C)  nitrous oxide exposure. 
D)  exposure to UV radiation. 
E)  unknown; these bonds likely formed spontaneously. 
A)  exposure to cigarette smoke. 
B)  a defective DNA polymerase. 
C)  nitrous oxide exposure. 
D)  exposure to UV radiation. 
E)  unknown; these bonds likely formed spontaneously.

Question 3

Refer to the chart of the genetic code.   Given the codon CUU, would any mutations in the third position result in a missense mutation? Explain.If there would be any changes, name them.

Accepted Answer

No; any changes in the third p

Question 4

People who are prediabetic and make too little insulin are often encouraged to limit their intake of sugar.This is an example of disease treatment that involves restricting the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who are prediabetic and make too...

Question 5

The most widely used treatment for PKU consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  supplying a missing protein. 
B)  in vivo gene therapy. 
C)  ex vivo gene therapy. 
D)  providing metabolic inhibitors. 
E)  restricting the substrate. 
A)  supplying a missing protein. 
B)  in vivo gene therapy. 
C)  ex vivo gene therapy. 
D)  providing metabolic inhibitors. 
E)  restricting the substrate.

Question 6

In flies, Mariner is a stretch of DNA that is a few thousand base pairs long.Mariner contains genes that enable it to copy itself and then insert itself in various places in the genome.Mariner is thus a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

transposab

Question 7

Incidences of most forms of cancer increase with age.Which of the following explanations is most plausible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer is not a genetic disease. 
B)  Cancer involves reciprocal translocations. 
C)  Cancer usually requires several somatic mutations. 
D)  Cancer involves expanding triplet repeats. 
E)  Cancer involves deletions of different lengths. 
A)  Cancer is not a genetic disease. 
B)  Cancer involves reciprocal translocations. 
C)  Cancer usually requires several somatic mutations. 
D)  Cancer involves expanding triplet repeats. 
E)  Cancer involves deletions of different lengths.

Question 8

During DNA replication, DNA polymerase inserts a T opposite a G, thereby introducing a(n) _______ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditional 
B)  categorical 
C)  spontaneous 
D)  induced 
E)  reversion 
A)  conditional 
B)  categorical 
C)  spontaneous 
D)  induced 
E)  reversion

Question 9

Current treatments for human genetic diseases include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  replacing the mutant gene in all cells. 
B)  restricting a dietary substrate. 
C)  alleviating the patient's symptoms. 
D)  inhibiting a harmful metabolic reaction. 
E)  supplying a protein that is missing. 
A)  replacing the mutant gene in all cells. 
B)  restricting a dietary substrate. 
C)  alleviating the patient's symptoms. 
D)  inhibiting a harmful metabolic reaction. 
E)  supplying a protein that is missing.

Question 10

The disease PKU results from abnormalities in the enzyme _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disease PKU results from abnormalities in...

Question 11

Suppose that for a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype.Based on this requirement, one could predict that a _______ mutation would be _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gain of function; recessive 
B)  loss of function; dominant 
C)  loss of function; recessive 
D)  nonsense; recessive 
E)  loss of function; a conditional mutation 
A)  gain of function; recessive 
B)  loss of function; dominant 
C)  loss of function; recessive 
D)  nonsense; recessive 
E)  loss of function; a conditional mutation

Question 12

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is usually caused by the oncogene BCR/ABL.This abnormal gene is the product of the fusion of part of a BCR gene with part of an ABL gene.The resulting protein has unregulated tyrosine kinase activity.The BCR and ABL genes are normally found on two different chromosomes, respectively 22 and 9.What type of mutation is required to generate the BCR/ABL fusion gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromosomal inversions 
B)  Chromosomal deletion 
C)  Chromosomal transversions 
D)  Chromosomal transitions 
E)  Chromosomal translocation 
A)  Chromosomal inversions 
B)  Chromosomal deletion 
C)  Chromosomal transversions 
D)  Chromosomal transitions 
E)  Chromosomal translocation

Question 13

Gel electrophoresis

Accepted Answer

A)  causes DNA fragments to be led through the gel toward the negative end of the field. 
B)  causes larger DNA fragments to move more quickly through the gel than smaller DNA fragments. 
C)  is used to identify and isolate DNA fragments. 
D)  is required for PCR reactions. 
E)  is used in allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. 
A)  causes DNA fragments to be led through the gel toward the negative end of the field. 
B)  causes larger DNA fragments to move more quickly through the gel than smaller DNA fragments. 
C)  is used to identify and isolate DNA fragments. 
D)  is required for PCR reactions. 
E)  is used in allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.

Question 14

People with PKU often have too much of the amino acid _______ and too little of the amino acid _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenylalanine; tyrosine 
B)  phenylalanine; alanine 
C)  tyrosine; phenylalanine 
D)  tyrosine; alanine 
E)  alanine; tyrosine 
A)  phenylalanine; tyrosine 
B)  phenylalanine; alanine 
C)  tyrosine; phenylalanine 
D)  tyrosine; alanine 
E)  alanine; tyrosine

Question 15

Genetic screening of a child with symptoms of developmental delays reveals an abnormal karyotype: all of the child's cells have an extra chromosome.Most likely the chromosomal mutation that lead to this error was _______ during the meiotic division that generated a gamete from one of the child's parents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genetic screening of a child with symptoms...

Question 16

Refer to the figure.   Through the use of linkage analysis, a researcher has identified a candidate gene responsible for a novel neurological disease.To obtain enough sample for DNA fingerprinting, the researcher uses PCR to amplify the gene.From the parent's DNA, PCR amplifies one band.From the child's DNA, the same size band plus a second larger band is amplified.Based on the published sequence of the gene, the researcher knows that restriction enzyme A will cut the wild-type allele into two fragments.The fragment sizes identified by DNA gel electrophoresis are shown in the figure.From this information one can infer that one of the child's alleles probably has one or more _______ mutation(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsense 
B)  missense 
C)  deletion 
D)  duplication 
E)  reversion 
A)  nonsense 
B)  missense 
C)  deletion 
D)  duplication 
E)  reversion

Question 17

The gene order for one chromosome is A, B, C, D, E.A homologous chromosome has the gene order A, D, C, B, E.These chromosomes differ by a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gene order for one chromosome is...

Question 18

Individuals with PKU should have a diet that is low in

Accepted Answer

A)  the amino acid phenylalanine. 
B)  the amino acid alanine. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  sugar. 
A)  the amino acid phenylalanine. 
B)  the amino acid alanine. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  sugar.

Question 19

As commonly practiced in the developed world today, doctors screening for PKU infer the disease is present if the newborn has

Accepted Answer

A)  too much of the substrate of the enzyme involved. 
B)  too little of the substrate of the enzyme involved. 
C)  too much of a product of the enzyme involved. 
D)  too little of a product of the enzyme involved. 
E)  too little of the enzyme. 
A)  too much of the substrate of the enzyme involved. 
B)  too little of the substrate of the enzyme involved. 
C)  too much of a product of the enzyme involved. 
D)  too little of a product of the enzyme involved. 
E)  too little of the enzyme.

Question 20

Changes in the tautomer state of nucleotides will most often lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  inversions. 
B)  reciprocal translocations. 
C)  point mutations. 
D)  duplications. 
E)  deletions. 
A)  inversions. 
B)  reciprocal translocations. 
C)  point mutations. 
D)  duplications. 
E)  deletions.

Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a defense mechanism; these enzymes cut up foreign DNA.

A medical researcher finds a high incidence of covalent bonds between thymine and other nucleotides in the DNA of skin cells of a patient.The most likely cause is

Refer to the chart of the genetic code. Given the codon CUU, would any mutations in the third position result in a missense mutation? Explain.If there would be any changes, name them.

People who are prediabetic and make too little insulin are often encouraged to limit their intake of sugar.This is an example of disease treatment that involves restricting the _______.

The most widely used treatment for PKU consists of

In flies, Mariner is a stretch of DNA that is a few thousand base pairs long.Mariner contains genes that enable it to copy itself and then insert itself in various places in the genome.Mariner is thus a(n) _______.

Incidences of most forms of cancer increase with age.Which of the following explanations is most plausible?

During DNA replication, DNA polymerase inserts a T opposite a G, thereby introducing a(n) _______ mutation.

Current treatments for human genetic diseases include all of the following except

The disease PKU results from abnormalities in the enzyme _______.

Suppose that for a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype.Based on this requirement, one could predict that a _______ mutation would be _______.

Gel electrophoresis

People with PKU often have too much of the amino acid _______ and too little of the amino acid _______.

The gene order for one chromosome is A, B, C, D, E.A homologous chromosome has the gene order A, D, C, B, E.These chromosomes differ by a(n) _______.

Individuals with PKU should have a diet that is low in

As commonly practiced in the developed world today, doctors screening for PKU infer the disease is present if the newborn has

Changes in the tautomer state of nucleotides will most often lead to

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Suppose that for a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype.Based on this requirement, one could predict that a _ mutation would be _.

People with PKU often have too much of the amino acid _ and too little of the amino acid _.