Question 1

The first enzyme in C4 carbon fixation is

Accepted Answer

A)  rubisco. 
B)  phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). 
C)  found in bundle sheath cells. 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase. 
E)  pyruvate carboxylase. 
A)  rubisco. 
B)  phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). 
C)  found in bundle sheath cells. 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase. 
E)  pyruvate carboxylase.

Question 2

Some plants have the capacity to carry out both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation at the same time.They also have the ability to regulate the rates of these two processes.Which is a correct statement that explains an advantage of this type of regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plant can take advantage of a broader range of visible light wavelengths by shifting back and forth between the two processes. 
B)  The plant can shift flow of electrons through the two processes to shift the ratio of ATP to NADPH being produced to best meet metabolic demands. 
C)  The plant can generate heat in place of ATP synthesis as needed, by shifting the flow of electrons between the two processes. 
D)  The plant can conserve space in the chloroplast membrane by shifting gene expression to the process with fewer components. 
E)  The plant can avoid the effects of chemical inhibitors of ATP synthase used as herbicides, by shifting between the two processes. 
A)  The plant can take advantage of a broader range of visible light wavelengths by shifting back and forth between the two processes. 
B)  The plant can shift flow of electrons through the two processes to shift the ratio of ATP to NADPH being produced to best meet metabolic demands. 
C)  The plant can generate heat in place of ATP synthesis as needed, by shifting the flow of electrons between the two processes. 
D)  The plant can conserve space in the chloroplast membrane by shifting gene expression to the process with fewer components. 
E)  The plant can avoid the effects of chemical inhibitors of ATP synthase used as herbicides, by shifting between the two processes.

Question 3

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the synthesis of _______ is coupled to the diffusion of protons across the thylakoid membrane.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the...

Question 4

The level of atmospheric CO2 has varied considerably over the history of Earth.Currently, the level of atmospheric CO2

Accepted Answer

A)  is greater than it was during the time of the dinosaurs. 
B)  favors C4 plants under hot conditions. 
C)  has resulted in maximum CO2 fixation by rubisco. 
D)  is decreasing. 
E)  prevents the occurrence of photorespiration. 
A)  is greater than it was during the time of the dinosaurs. 
B)  favors C4 plants under hot conditions. 
C)  has resulted in maximum CO2 fixation by rubisco. 
D)  is decreasing. 
E)  prevents the occurrence of photorespiration.

Question 5

Which occurs during the Calvin cycle and also during photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generation of 3PG 
B)  Formation of NADPH 
C)  Fixation of CO2 
D)  Fixation of O2 
E)  Formation of ATP 
A)  Generation of 3PG 
B)  Formation of NADPH 
C)  Fixation of CO2 
D)  Fixation of O2 
E)  Formation of ATP

Question 6

Refer to the figure below.   The figure illustrates how a photon of light interacts with chlorophyll in a green plant.A(n) _______ moves from a low energy level to a higher energy level to produce this excited-state chlorophyll molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 7

C4 plants differ from C3 plants because C3 plants _______, while C4 plants _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  produce a four-carbon intermediate after CO2 fixation; produce a three-carbon intermediate after CO2 fixation 
B)  have mesophyll cells that fix CO2 and contain the Calvin cycle; have mesophyll cells that fix CO2 and bundle sheath cells that contain the Calvin cycle 
C)  gain CO2 via photorespiration; lose CO2 via photorespiration 
D)  can concentrate the CO2 by regulating the stomata closure; can concentrate CO2 at night 
E)  concentrate CO2 near rubisco; cannot concentrate CO2 near rubisco 
A)  produce a four-carbon intermediate after CO2 fixation; produce a three-carbon intermediate after CO2 fixation 
B)  have mesophyll cells that fix CO2 and contain the Calvin cycle; have mesophyll cells that fix CO2 and bundle sheath cells that contain the Calvin cycle 
C)  gain CO2 via photorespiration; lose CO2 via photorespiration 
D)  can concentrate the CO2 by regulating the stomata closure; can concentrate CO2 at night 
E)  concentrate CO2 near rubisco; cannot concentrate CO2 near rubisco

Question 8

A photosynthetic action spectrum plots measurements of

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative rate of photosynthesis as a function of time. 
B)  the relative rate of photosynthesis as a function of wavelength. 
C)  the relative absorption of light as a function of wavelength. 
D)  the relative absorption of light as a function of time. 
E)  the relative absorption of light of a chlorophyll molecule as a function of wavelength. 
A)  the relative rate of photosynthesis as a function of time. 
B)  the relative rate of photosynthesis as a function of wavelength. 
C)  the relative absorption of light as a function of wavelength. 
D)  the relative absorption of light as a function of time. 
E)  the relative absorption of light of a chlorophyll molecule as a function of wavelength.

Question 9

The location within a chloroplast where water is involved as a reactant in a chemical reaction of photosynthesis is the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The location within a chloroplast where water...

Question 10

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Accepted Answer

A)  is exported from the cytosol to the chloroplast. 
B)  is converted to glucose in the chloroplast and cytosol. 
C)  is a four-carbon molecule. 
D)  contains carbon and phosphate but no oxygen atoms. 
E)  is insoluble in water. 
A)  is exported from the cytosol to the chloroplast. 
B)  is converted to glucose in the chloroplast and cytosol. 
C)  is a four-carbon molecule. 
D)  contains carbon and phosphate but no oxygen atoms. 
E)  is insoluble in water.

Question 11

Photosynthetic organisms that can harvest light to form carbohydrates are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Photosynthetic organisms that can harvest light to...

Question 12

A student created the following table as a study guide.   Evaluate the accuracy of the student's table.Should any entry in the table be changed to correct an error?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, the table is accurate as written. 
B)  Yes, both sets of reactions should be indicated as exergonic. 
C)  Yes, the locations of the two sets of reactions should be reversed. 
D)  Yes, input of oxygen and output of water should be shown with the light-independent reactions. 
E)  Yes, the light-dependent reactions should be shown as taking in water and releasing oxygen. 
A)  No, the table is accurate as written. 
B)  Yes, both sets of reactions should be indicated as exergonic. 
C)  Yes, the locations of the two sets of reactions should be reversed. 
D)  Yes, input of oxygen and output of water should be shown with the light-independent reactions. 
E)  Yes, the light-dependent reactions should be shown as taking in water and releasing oxygen.

Question 13

Examine the following formula: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 C6H12O6 + 6 O2.Which statement is true regarding this equation as a representation of the process of oxygenic photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not balanced. 
B)  It incorrectly indicates that CO2 is a source of oxygen gas. 
C)  It does not show that H2O is both a reactant and a product of oxygenic photosynthesis. 
D)  It does not represent the overall net change that results from oxygenic photosynthesis. 
E)  It gives a summary of all of the chemical steps involved in oxygenic photosynthesis. 
A)  It is not balanced. 
B)  It incorrectly indicates that CO2 is a source of oxygen gas. 
C)  It does not show that H2O is both a reactant and a product of oxygenic photosynthesis. 
D)  It does not represent the overall net change that results from oxygenic photosynthesis. 
E)  It gives a summary of all of the chemical steps involved in oxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 14

What are stomata?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adjustable pores on a leaf that allow CO2 to enter and O2 and water to exit 
B)  Adjustable pores on a leaf that allow CO2 to enter and only O2 to exit 
C)  Parts of the chloroplast where dark reactions occur 
D)  Photosynthetic structures in prokaryotes 
E)  Types of organisms that use sulfide ions as electron donors 
A)  Adjustable pores on a leaf that allow CO2 to enter and O2 and water to exit 
B)  Adjustable pores on a leaf that allow CO2 to enter and only O2 to exit 
C)  Parts of the chloroplast where dark reactions occur 
D)  Photosynthetic structures in prokaryotes 
E)  Types of organisms that use sulfide ions as electron donors

Question 15

Light is a form of

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical energy. 
B)  magnetic radiation. 
C)  electromagnetic radiation. 
D)  chlorophyll. 
E)  an absorption spectrum. 
A)  chemical energy. 
B)  magnetic radiation. 
C)  electromagnetic radiation. 
D)  chlorophyll. 
E)  an absorption spectrum.

Question 16

Refer to the table below.   This table summarizing inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle is missing an input.The missing molecule is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the table below.  ...

Question 17

What role does water play in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the source of oxygen atoms in the product O2. 
B)  It acts as an electron acceptor. 
C)  It is only a reactant in the photosynthetic process. 
D)  Its atoms end up in sugar. 
E)  It undergoes no net chemical change. 
A)  It is the source of oxygen atoms in the product O2. 
B)  It acts as an electron acceptor. 
C)  It is only a reactant in the photosynthetic process. 
D)  Its atoms end up in sugar. 
E)  It undergoes no net chemical change.

Question 18

The reaction catalyzed by rubisco fixes one carbon dioxide molecule with one ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) molecule to yield _______ 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) molecule(s).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reaction catalyzed by rubisco fixes one...

Question 19

The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a absorbs

Accepted Answer

A)  infrared light. 
B)  red and blue light. 
C)  X rays. 
D)  gamma rays. 
E)  green light. 
A)  infrared light. 
B)  red and blue light. 
C)  X rays. 
D)  gamma rays. 
E)  green light.

Question 20

The NADPH required for the reduction of 3PG to G3P comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  the light-independent reactions. 
B)  the light reactions. 
C)  the synthesis of ATP. 
D)  the Calvin cycle. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  the light-independent reactions. 
B)  the light reactions. 
C)  the synthesis of ATP. 
D)  the Calvin cycle. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The first enzyme in C4 carbon fixation is

Some plants have the capacity to carry out both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation at the same time.They also have the ability to regulate the rates of these two processes.Which is a correct statement that explains an advantage of this type of regulation?

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the synthesis of _______ is coupled to the diffusion of protons across the thylakoid membrane.

The level of atmospheric CO2 has varied considerably over the history of Earth.Currently, the level of atmospheric CO2

Which occurs during the Calvin cycle and also during photorespiration?

Refer to the figure below. The figure illustrates how a photon of light interacts with chlorophyll in a green plant.A(n) _______ moves from a low energy level to a higher energy level to produce this excited-state chlorophyll molecule.

C4 plants differ from C3 plants because C3 plants _______, while C4 plants _______.

A photosynthetic action spectrum plots measurements of

The location within a chloroplast where water is involved as a reactant in a chemical reaction of photosynthesis is the _______.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Photosynthetic organisms that can harvest light to form carbohydrates are called _______.

A student created the following table as a study guide. Evaluate the accuracy of the student's table.Should any entry in the table be changed to correct an error?

Examine the following formula: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2.Which statement is true regarding this equation as a representation of the process of oxygenic photosynthesis?

What are stomata?

Light is a form of

Refer to the table below. This table summarizing inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle is missing an input.The missing molecule is _______.

What role does water play in photosynthesis?

The reaction catalyzed by rubisco fixes one carbon dioxide molecule with one ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) molecule to yield _______ 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) molecule(s).

The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a absorbs

The NADPH required for the reduction of 3PG to G3P comes from

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The first enzyme in C₄ carbon fixation is

The level of atmospheric CO₂ has varied considerably over the history of Earth.Currently, the level of atmospheric CO₂

C₄ plants differ from C₃ plants because C₃ plants _, while C₄ plants _.

Examine the following formula: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O  C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂.Which statement is true regarding this equation as a representation of the process of oxygenic photosynthesis?