Question 1

Refer to the figure below.   The structure shows an example of a biological polymer called a protein, which is made up of monomers called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 2

Disaccharides are joined together by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  glycosidic linkages. 
C)  peptide bonds. 
D)  salt bridges. 
E)  hydrophobic reactions. 
A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  glycosidic linkages. 
C)  peptide bonds. 
D)  salt bridges. 
E)  hydrophobic reactions.

Question 3

Oil and water do not mix easily because _______ cause the fat molecules of the oil to aggregate together in water.

Accepted Answer

A)  van der Waals forces 
B)  covalent bonds 
C)  disulfide bonds 
D)  ester linkages 
E)  glycosidic linkages 
A)  van der Waals forces 
B)  covalent bonds 
C)  disulfide bonds 
D)  ester linkages 
E)  glycosidic linkages

Question 4

Refer to the figure below.   Rank the three structures shown, from lowest to highest density.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose, starch, glycogen 
B)  Starch, cellulose, glycogen 
C)  Glycogen, starch, cellulose 
D)  Cellulose, glycogen, starch 
E)  Starch, glycogen, cellulose 
A)  Cellulose, starch, glycogen 
B)  Starch, cellulose, glycogen 
C)  Glycogen, starch, cellulose 
D)  Cellulose, glycogen, starch 
E)  Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 5

A macromolecule that is isolated from the bone of dinosaurs and found to have nitrogen-carbon-carbon repeats would be classified as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharide. 
B)  oligosaccharide. 
C)  polypeptide. 
D)  triglyceride. 
E)  lipid. 
A)  polysaccharide. 
B)  oligosaccharide. 
C)  polypeptide. 
D)  triglyceride. 
E)  lipid.

Question 6

A structural isomer for the molecule NaOCH2CH3 would be expected to have how many carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Five 
E)  Nine 
A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Five 
E)  Nine

Question 7

Refer to the figure below.   The figure shows a polymeric macromolecule synthesized by cells.The monomer of this polymer is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 8

Figure 1 shows a protein enzyme labeled E that catalyzes a chemical reaction involving the substrate molecule labeled C.Figure 2 shows how another molecule, labeled D, binds to a site on the protein that is distinct from the catalytic site.   Based on the activities shown, what biological advantage does this protein gain by having the ability to bind molecule D?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gains a new chemical reaction that it can catalyze. 
B)  It gains the ability to bind a broader range of molecules at its catalytic site. 
C)  It gains a mechanism for preventing the protein from being degraded. 
D)  It gains a means for turning the biological activity of the protein on and off. 
E)  It gains the ability to diffuse through cell membranes. 
A)  It gains a new chemical reaction that it can catalyze. 
B)  It gains the ability to bind a broader range of molecules at its catalytic site. 
C)  It gains a mechanism for preventing the protein from being degraded. 
D)  It gains a means for turning the biological activity of the protein on and off. 
E)  It gains the ability to diffuse through cell membranes.

Question 9

You are designing an experiment that requires a protein to be exposed to high heat yet remain functional.You find, however, that the protein has lost its function on returning to its normal physiological temperature.You determine that the loss of function is due to an error in refolding of the protein.To remedy this, you could

Accepted Answer

A)  expose the protein to high temperature multiple times. 
B)  add a chaperone. 
C)  change the peptide backbone. 
D)  increase the pH. 
E)  add mercaptoethanol. 
A)  expose the protein to high temperature multiple times. 
B)  add a chaperone. 
C)  change the peptide backbone. 
D)  increase the pH. 
E)  add mercaptoethanol.

Question 10

Starch and glycogen are similar in that they both

Accepted Answer

A)  store genetic information. 
B)  are polymers of amino acids. 
C)  are composed of fructose monomers. 
D)  contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 
E)  denature into a peptide backbone. 
A)  store genetic information. 
B)  are polymers of amino acids. 
C)  are composed of fructose monomers. 
D)  contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 
E)  denature into a peptide backbone.

Question 11

Refer to the figure below showing a section of a polypeptide chain in a protein.   Which bond labeled on the figure undergoes hydrolysis as the chain is broken down to its amino acid building blocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 12

A molecule with the formula C6H12O6 can be classified as a

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  carbohydrate. 
C)  lipid. 
D)  fat. 
E)  nucleic acid. 
A)  protein. 
B)  carbohydrate. 
C)  lipid. 
D)  fat. 
E)  nucleic acid.

Question 13

An unknown sample known to contain either triglycerides or phospholipids is placed in water.The sample forms a separate layer on top of the water, with no mixing in the bulk volume of water.What type of lipid does the sample contain, and what structural element is responsible for the sample's behavior in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Triglycerides, double bonds in fatty acid tails 
B)  Triglycerides, ester linkages 
C)  Triglycerides, long-chain hydrocarbon tails 
D)  Phospholipids, ester linkages 
E)  Phospholipids, glycerol backbone 
A)  Triglycerides, double bonds in fatty acid tails 
B)  Triglycerides, ester linkages 
C)  Triglycerides, long-chain hydrocarbon tails 
D)  Phospholipids, ester linkages 
E)  Phospholipids, glycerol backbone

Question 14

Refer to the figure below.   Which of the following is broken during hydrolysis reactions that release the molecule's monomers as products?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bond A 
B)  Bond B 
C)  Bond C 
D)  Bond D 
E)  Bond E 
A)  Bond A 
B)  Bond B 
C)  Bond C 
D)  Bond D 
E)  Bond E

Question 15

Olive oil melts at a lower temperature than beef fat because

Accepted Answer

A)  oils contain glycerol, whereas fats do not. 
B)  fats contain more saturated fatty acids than oils do. 
C)  fats contain more unsaturated fatty acids than oils do. 
D)  oils are made by plants, whereas fats are made by animals. 
E)  olive trees naturally occur in warmer climates than beef cattle do. 
A)  oils contain glycerol, whereas fats do not. 
B)  fats contain more saturated fatty acids than oils do. 
C)  fats contain more unsaturated fatty acids than oils do. 
D)  oils are made by plants, whereas fats are made by animals. 
E)  olive trees naturally occur in warmer climates than beef cattle do.

Question 16

Glucose and fructose both have the formula C6H12O6, but the atoms in these two compounds are arranged differently.Glucose and fructose are therefore

Accepted Answer

A)  isomers. 
B)  polysaccharides. 
C)  stereosaccharides. 
D)  pentoses. 
E)  isotopes. 
A)  isomers. 
B)  polysaccharides. 
C)  stereosaccharides. 
D)  pentoses. 
E)  isotopes.

Question 17

Refer to the figures below.   Two vitamin structures are shown.Which would be classified as a lipid, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structure 1, because of its similarity in structure to cholesterol 
B)  Structure 1, because most of its structure forms a ring 
C)  Structure 2, because of its carbon content 
D)  Structure 2, because of its nonpolar nature 
E)  Both structures, because of their carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen content 
A)  Structure 1, because of its similarity in structure to cholesterol 
B)  Structure 1, because most of its structure forms a ring 
C)  Structure 2, because of its carbon content 
D)  Structure 2, because of its nonpolar nature 
E)  Both structures, because of their carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen content

Question 18

Hydroxyl groups are polar, and thus a molecule that contains multiple hydroxyl groups will be

Accepted Answer

A)  basic. 
B)  soluble in water. 
C)  involved in reactions forming more complex molecules. 
D)  nonpolar. 
E)  hydrophobic. 
A)  basic. 
B)  soluble in water. 
C)  involved in reactions forming more complex molecules. 
D)  nonpolar. 
E)  hydrophobic.

Question 19

A protein is discovered to undergo a reversible phosphorylation reaction in the cell.Scientists do not know whether this phosphorylation has any biological function, but one possibility is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the modification will convert the protein from a cytosolic protein into a membrane-bound protein. 
B)  the phosphate groups will prevent the protein from denaturing even under high heat or high levels of chemical denaturant. 
C)  the change will cause the peptide bonds of the protein to weaken and break. 
D)  the protein will undergo a shape change that will either activate or inhibit its biological activity. 
E)  the additional phosphate groups will make the protein better able to diffuse through the cell membrane. 
A)  the modification will convert the protein from a cytosolic protein into a membrane-bound protein. 
B)  the phosphate groups will prevent the protein from denaturing even under high heat or high levels of chemical denaturant. 
C)  the change will cause the peptide bonds of the protein to weaken and break. 
D)  the protein will undergo a shape change that will either activate or inhibit its biological activity. 
E)  the additional phosphate groups will make the protein better able to diffuse through the cell membrane.

Question 20

All of the following contribute to the three-dimensional shape of a protein except

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature. 
B)  ester linkages. 
C)  pH. 
D)  R groups. 
E)  the peptide backbone. 
A)  temperature. 
B)  ester linkages. 
C)  pH. 
D)  R groups. 
E)  the peptide backbone.

Exam 3: Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Refer to the figure below. The structure shows an example of a biological polymer called a protein, which is made up of monomers called _______.

Disaccharides are joined together by

Oil and water do not mix easily because _______ cause the fat molecules of the oil to aggregate together in water.

Refer to the figure below. Rank the three structures shown, from lowest to highest density.

A macromolecule that is isolated from the bone of dinosaurs and found to have nitrogen-carbon-carbon repeats would be classified as a(n)

A structural isomer for the molecule NaOCH2CH3 would be expected to have how many carbon atoms?

Refer to the figure below. The figure shows a polymeric macromolecule synthesized by cells.The monomer of this polymer is _______.

Starch and glycogen are similar in that they both

Refer to the figure below showing a section of a polypeptide chain in a protein. Which bond labeled on the figure undergoes hydrolysis as the chain is broken down to its amino acid building blocks?

A molecule with the formula C6H12O6 can be classified as a

Refer to the figure below. Which of the following is broken during hydrolysis reactions that release the molecule's monomers as products?

Olive oil melts at a lower temperature than beef fat because

Glucose and fructose both have the formula C6H12O6, but the atoms in these two compounds are arranged differently.Glucose and fructose are therefore

Refer to the figures below. Two vitamin structures are shown.Which would be classified as a lipid, and why?

Hydroxyl groups are polar, and thus a molecule that contains multiple hydroxyl groups will be

A protein is discovered to undergo a reversible phosphorylation reaction in the cell.Scientists do not know whether this phosphorylation has any biological function, but one possibility is that

All of the following contribute to the three-dimensional shape of a protein except

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

A structural isomer for the molecule NaOCH₂CH₃ would be expected to have how many carbon atoms?

A molecule with the formula C₆H₁₂O₆ can be classified as a

Glucose and fructose both have the formula C₆H₁₂O₆, but the atoms in these two compounds are arranged differently.Glucose and fructose are therefore