Question 1

Refer to the figure below showing a portion of a starch molecule.   Which bonds are hydrolyzed during the breakdown of starch during digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  1 and 4 
D)  2 and 3 
E)  3 and 4 
A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  1 and 4 
D)  2 and 3 
E)  3 and 4

Question 2

Triglycerides are composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerol and fatty acids. 
B)  phosphatidylcholine and linoleic acid. 
C)  carotenoids and palmitic acid. 
D)  aggregates of glycerol. 
E)  steroids and saturated fats. 
A)  glycerol and fatty acids. 
B)  phosphatidylcholine and linoleic acid. 
C)  carotenoids and palmitic acid. 
D)  aggregates of glycerol. 
E)  steroids and saturated fats.

Question 3

A substance that is soluble in water and turns sweet in the presence of amylase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages, is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  glycogen. 
C)  starch. 
D)  glycerol. 
E)  collagen. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  glycogen. 
C)  starch. 
D)  glycerol. 
E)  collagen.

Question 4

Two important polysaccharides made up of glucose monomers are _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine; cytosine 
B)  RNA; DNA 
C)  sucrose; lactose 
D)  cellulose; starch 
E)  testosterone; cortisone 
A)  guanine; cytosine 
B)  RNA; DNA 
C)  sucrose; lactose 
D)  cellulose; starch 
E)  testosterone; cortisone

Question 5

All amino acids have an amino group, an R group, and a(n) _______ group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All amino acids have an amino group,...

Question 6

Cholesterol is soluble in ether, a nonpolar organic solvent, but it is not soluble in water.Based on this information, to which class of biological macromolecules does cholesterol belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleic acids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Enzymes 
E)  Lipids 
A)  Nucleic acids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Enzymes 
E)  Lipids

Question 7

Wax is all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  a component of beehives. 
B)  a barrier to pathogens. 
C)  a waterproofer. 
D)  a vitamin. 
E)  made by animals and plants. 
A)  a component of beehives. 
B)  a barrier to pathogens. 
C)  a waterproofer. 
D)  a vitamin. 
E)  made by animals and plants.

Question 8

Refer to the diagram below showing a condensation reaction.   What molecule belongs in the empty blue box?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the diagram below showing a...

Question 9

Lipids are

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophobic. 
B)  soluble in water. 
C)  absent from cell membranes. 
D)  composed of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 
E)  important for transmission of biological information. 
A)  hydrophobic. 
B)  soluble in water. 
C)  absent from cell membranes. 
D)  composed of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 
E)  important for transmission of biological information.

Question 10

Refer to the table and figures below.     A student is creating a table showing lipids and their biological functions.He drew three molecular structures to represent lipids A, B, and C.In the middle row of the table, the student should pair which compound with which function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compound A, light absorption 
B)  Compound A, energy storage 
C)  Compound B, water retention 
D)  Compound B, ensuring healthy development 
E)  Compound C, membrane bilayer formation 
A)  Compound A, light absorption 
B)  Compound A, energy storage 
C)  Compound B, water retention 
D)  Compound B, ensuring healthy development 
E)  Compound C, membrane bilayer formation

Question 11

Two polypeptide chains have the same amino acid composition and molecular weight, yet only one binds to a cell membrane receptor.Several possible scenarios have been listed to explain these observations.Which is the only plausible one?

Accepted Answer

A)  One chain is longer than the other chain, causing the polypeptides to fold into different shapes. 
B)  One chain was synthesized in a laboratory, while the other was synthesized in a bacterium, causing differences in the final structures of the proteins. 
C)  One chain has bond linkages connecting amino acids that differ from the bond linkages in the other chain. 
D)  The two chains fold into different three-dimensional shapes because the polypeptides were made by two different organisms. 
E)  The two chains fold into different three-dimensional shapes because the sequences of amino acids differ in the chains. 
A)  One chain is longer than the other chain, causing the polypeptides to fold into different shapes. 
B)  One chain was synthesized in a laboratory, while the other was synthesized in a bacterium, causing differences in the final structures of the proteins. 
C)  One chain has bond linkages connecting amino acids that differ from the bond linkages in the other chain. 
D)  The two chains fold into different three-dimensional shapes because the polypeptides were made by two different organisms. 
E)  The two chains fold into different three-dimensional shapes because the sequences of amino acids differ in the chains.

Question 12

Although all four levels of protein structure are important in determining a protein's function, one of these structures provides the backbone of proteins.Discuss this structure.Why is it considered the most important of the four?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide

Question 13

Transferrin is a protein that binds iron.It enters cells through transferrin receptors located on the cell membrane.A research group made a mutant transferrin receptor protein by replacing three asparagine residues with glycine.Results of their study are summarized in the table below.   Which statement is consistent with these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron binds to transferrin by recognizing oligosaccharides on the transferrin protein surface. 
B)  Iron binds to cells by recognizing oligosaccharides on the transferrin receptor surface. 
C)  Transferrin binds to the transferrin receptor protein on the cell surface by recognizing oligosaccharides attached to the receptor. 
D)  Asparagine residues provide the critical recognition sites for iron to bind to and enter cells. 
E)  Transferrin recognizes asparagine residues on the transferrin receptor protein to bind and enter cells. 
A)  Iron binds to transferrin by recognizing oligosaccharides on the transferrin protein surface. 
B)  Iron binds to cells by recognizing oligosaccharides on the transferrin receptor surface. 
C)  Transferrin binds to the transferrin receptor protein on the cell surface by recognizing oligosaccharides attached to the receptor. 
D)  Asparagine residues provide the critical recognition sites for iron to bind to and enter cells. 
E)  Transferrin recognizes asparagine residues on the transferrin receptor protein to bind and enter cells.

Question 14

Refer to the table below.   Using the fatty acids listed in the table, you are asked to create a triglyceride that has the highest possible melting point and also contains two different fatty acids.The fatty acids present in the triglyceride would include

Accepted Answer

A)  two stearic acids and one oleic acid. 
B)  two stearic acids and one elaidic acid. 
C)  two oleic acids and one elaidic acid. 
D)  two elaidic acids and one oleic acid. 
E)  two oleic acids and one stearic acid. 
A)  two stearic acids and one oleic acid. 
B)  two stearic acids and one elaidic acid. 
C)  two oleic acids and one elaidic acid. 
D)  two elaidic acids and one oleic acid. 
E)  two oleic acids and one stearic acid.

Question 15

In proteins, amino acids are linked together by _______ bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In proteins, amino acids are linked together...

Question 16

Refer to the diagram of a polysaccharide below.   The polysaccharide shown contains five molecules of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the diagram of a polysaccharide...

Question 17

The "building blocks" of polysaccharides are _______, and these blocks are covalently linked together by _______ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerol and fatty acids; ester 
B)  amino acids; peptide 
C)  monosaccharides; glycosidic 
D)  phospholipids; ester 
E)  disaccharides; glycosidic 
A)  glycerol and fatty acids; ester 
B)  amino acids; peptide 
C)  monosaccharides; glycosidic 
D)  phospholipids; ester 
E)  disaccharides; glycosidic

Question 18

An amino acid can be classified by the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of amino groups it contains. 
B)  number of central carbon atoms it contains. 
C)  number of peptide bonds it can form. 
D)  number of disulfide bridges it can form. 
E)  characteristics of its side chains, or R groups. 
A)  number of amino groups it contains. 
B)  number of central carbon atoms it contains. 
C)  number of peptide bonds it can form. 
D)  number of disulfide bridges it can form. 
E)  characteristics of its side chains, or R groups.

Question 19

Refer to the diagram below, showing a condensation reaction.   This reaction does not occur during the formation of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bond. 
B)  glycosidic linkage. 
C)  disulfide bond. 
D)  ester linkage. 
E)  disaccharide from two monosaccharides. 
A)  peptide bond. 
B)  glycosidic linkage. 
C)  disulfide bond. 
D)  ester linkage. 
E)  disaccharide from two monosaccharides.

Question 20

Sketch the optical isomers of alanine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sketch the optical isomers of alanine....

Exam 3: Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Refer to the figure below showing a portion of a starch molecule. Which bonds are hydrolyzed during the breakdown of starch during digestion?

Triglycerides are composed of

A substance that is soluble in water and turns sweet in the presence of amylase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages, is most likely

Two important polysaccharides made up of glucose monomers are _______ and _______.

All amino acids have an amino group, an R group, and a(n) _______ group.

Cholesterol is soluble in ether, a nonpolar organic solvent, but it is not soluble in water.Based on this information, to which class of biological macromolecules does cholesterol belong?

Wax is all of the following except

Refer to the diagram below showing a condensation reaction. What molecule belongs in the empty blue box?

Lipids are

Refer to the table and figures below. A student is creating a table showing lipids and their biological functions.He drew three molecular structures to represent lipids A, B, and C.In the middle row of the table, the student should pair which compound with which function?

Two polypeptide chains have the same amino acid composition and molecular weight, yet only one binds to a cell membrane receptor.Several possible scenarios have been listed to explain these observations.Which is the only plausible one?

Although all four levels of protein structure are important in determining a protein's function, one of these structures provides the backbone of proteins.Discuss this structure.Why is it considered the most important of the four?

Refer to the table below. Using the fatty acids listed in the table, you are asked to create a triglyceride that has the highest possible melting point and also contains two different fatty acids.The fatty acids present in the triglyceride would include

In proteins, amino acids are linked together by _______ bonds.

Refer to the diagram of a polysaccharide below. The polysaccharide shown contains five molecules of _______.

The "building blocks" of polysaccharides are _______, and these blocks are covalently linked together by _______ bonds.

An amino acid can be classified by the

Refer to the diagram below, showing a condensation reaction. This reaction does not occur during the formation of a(n)

Sketch the optical isomers of alanine.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Two important polysaccharides made up of glucose monomers are _ and _.

The "building blocks" of polysaccharides are _, and these blocks are covalently linked together by _ bonds.