Question 1

Which research question does not refer to proximate causes of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  How do rhesus macaques find their food? 
B)  How do pigeons that are experimentally displaced find their way back to their home loft? 
C)  How does dispersal affect the survival of Belding's ground squirrels? 
D)  Do mother goats learn the odor of their offspring? 
E)  How do hummingbirds "know" when it is time to return to their overwintering grounds? 
A)  How do rhesus macaques find their food? 
B)  How do pigeons that are experimentally displaced find their way back to their home loft? 
C)  How does dispersal affect the survival of Belding's ground squirrels? 
D)  Do mother goats learn the odor of their offspring? 
E)  How do hummingbirds "know" when it is time to return to their overwintering grounds?

Question 2

Which of the following does not characterize chemical signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  They require close contact between sender and receiver. 
B)  They can communicate very specific messages. 
C)  They are effective day and night. 
D)  They have a broad range of transmission distances. 
E)  They are difficult for predators to intercept. 
A)  They require close contact between sender and receiver. 
B)  They can communicate very specific messages. 
C)  They are effective day and night. 
D)  They have a broad range of transmission distances. 
E)  They are difficult for predators to intercept.

Question 3

Which statement about haplodiploidy is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haplodiploidy is a mechanism of sex determination in which diploid individuals are male and haploid individuals are female. 
B)  When a honey bee queen mates with one male, her resulting daughters share, on average, 75 percent of their alleles. 
C)  In a honey bee hive in which the queen mates with only one male, her daughters can potentially increase their inclusive fitness more by caring for their sisters than by reproducing independently. 
D)  If a worker honey bee reproduced independently, she would share 50 percent of her alleles with her daughters. 
E)  Haplodiploidy is not necessary for the evolution of eusociality. 
A)  Haplodiploidy is a mechanism of sex determination in which diploid individuals are male and haploid individuals are female. 
B)  When a honey bee queen mates with one male, her resulting daughters share, on average, 75 percent of their alleles. 
C)  In a honey bee hive in which the queen mates with only one male, her daughters can potentially increase their inclusive fitness more by caring for their sisters than by reproducing independently. 
D)  If a worker honey bee reproduced independently, she would share 50 percent of her alleles with her daughters. 
E)  Haplodiploidy is not necessary for the evolution of eusociality.

Question 4

Which behavior would be predicted by the energy maximization hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macaws travel long distances to feed on clay that contains essential minerals. 
B)  Chimpanzees consume small quantities of toxic plants. 
C)  Butterflies drink salt secretions from predatory animals, such as caimans. 
D)  Moose include in their diet aquatic plants that have less energy than the leaves of deciduous trees but more sodium. 
E)  A blue jay selects seeds with the highest energy content. 
A)  Macaws travel long distances to feed on clay that contains essential minerals. 
B)  Chimpanzees consume small quantities of toxic plants. 
C)  Butterflies drink salt secretions from predatory animals, such as caimans. 
D)  Moose include in their diet aquatic plants that have less energy than the leaves of deciduous trees but more sodium. 
E)  A blue jay selects seeds with the highest energy content.

Question 5

Which species would likely display aggressive territorial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herbivores whose food plants are widely distributed across the landscape 
B)  Tuna that feed on smaller fish in the open ocean 
C)  Species in which the costs of food defense are higher than the benefits 
D)  A species whose food can be economically defended 
E)  A predator whose prey species undergoes dramatic fluctuations in abundance 
A)  Herbivores whose food plants are widely distributed across the landscape 
B)  Tuna that feed on smaller fish in the open ocean 
C)  Species in which the costs of food defense are higher than the benefits 
D)  A species whose food can be economically defended 
E)  A predator whose prey species undergoes dramatic fluctuations in abundance

Question 6

Refer to the figure showing sex hormone manipulations of female rats.   What is the correct final observation for female rats in treatments 2 and 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment 2: Female will display male sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will not display sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
B)  Treatment 2: Female will display female sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display male sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
C)  Treatment 2: Female will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display male sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
D)  Treatment 2: Female will display male sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display male sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
E)  Treatment 2: Female will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display female sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
A)  Treatment 2: Female will display male sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will not display sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
B)  Treatment 2: Female will display female sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display male sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
C)  Treatment 2: Female will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display male sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
D)  Treatment 2: Female will display male sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display male sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female. 
E)  Treatment 2: Female will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Female will display female sexual behavior when in the presence of a receptive female.

Question 7

Which statement about the cost-benefit approach to animal behavior is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Benefits are measured in terms of fitness gained by performing the behavior. 
B)  The approach assumes that animals have limited time and energy. 
C)  The approach includes opportunity costs of performing the behavior. 
D)  The approach assumes that animals cannot engage in behaviors whose benefits exceed their costs. 
E)  The approach includes energetic costs of performing the behavior. 
A)  Benefits are measured in terms of fitness gained by performing the behavior. 
B)  The approach assumes that animals have limited time and energy. 
C)  The approach includes opportunity costs of performing the behavior. 
D)  The approach assumes that animals cannot engage in behaviors whose benefits exceed their costs. 
E)  The approach includes energetic costs of performing the behavior.

Question 8

Which statement does not characterize individual variation in the singing behavior of a bird species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variation may help a bird arriving in a region adopt the local dialect. 
B)  Birds on neighboring territories can vary in their songs. 
C)  White-crowned sparrows in nature always sing their species-specific song. 
D)  Individual variation may be key to attracting mates. 
E)  Individual variation may be key to maintaining a bond between mates. 
A)  Variation may help a bird arriving in a region adopt the local dialect. 
B)  Birds on neighboring territories can vary in their songs. 
C)  White-crowned sparrows in nature always sing their species-specific song. 
D)  Individual variation may be key to attracting mates. 
E)  Individual variation may be key to maintaining a bond between mates.

Question 9

Knockout experiments concerning pheromone receptors in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of mice have revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a single gene controlling mating behavior in mice. 
B)  VNO receptors are necessary for a male mouse to identify whether another mouse is male or female. 
C)  mating behavior in male mice requires VNO receptors. 
D)  a male mouse without VNO receptors is aggressive toward other males. 
E)  a normal male mouse with VNO receptors will attempt to mate with another male. 
A)  there is a single gene controlling mating behavior in mice. 
B)  VNO receptors are necessary for a male mouse to identify whether another mouse is male or female. 
C)  mating behavior in male mice requires VNO receptors. 
D)  a male mouse without VNO receptors is aggressive toward other males. 
E)  a normal male mouse with VNO receptors will attempt to mate with another male.

Question 10

Studying how urinary posture of the domestic dog changes from the juvenile period to adulthood would be classified as a question concerning _______ by Tinbergen (i.e., which of Tinbergen's four questions is being addressed?).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studying how urinary posture of the domestic...

Question 11

A male frog calling to attract females is eaten by a bat.This is an example of a(n) _______ cost.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A male frog calling to attract females...

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why naked mole-rats are eusocial?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haplodiploidy 
B)  High predation risk associated with dispersing to establish new colonies and high failure rate of newly established colonies 
C)  Colony members sharing a defendable resource 
D)  Extended parental care 
E)  Close family ties 
A)  Haplodiploidy 
B)  High predation risk associated with dispersing to establish new colonies and high failure rate of newly established colonies 
C)  Colony members sharing a defendable resource 
D)  Extended parental care 
E)  Close family ties

Question 13

Which statement about female mammals is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce a limited number of eggs. 
B)  They make a significant energetic investment in developing young. 
C)  Their investment in their offspring prior to birth or hatching is greater than the male's. 
D)  Typically they benefit by seeking additional mates. 
E)  They experience significant opportunity costs associated with reproduction. 
A)  They produce a limited number of eggs. 
B)  They make a significant energetic investment in developing young. 
C)  Their investment in their offspring prior to birth or hatching is greater than the male's. 
D)  Typically they benefit by seeking additional mates. 
E)  They experience significant opportunity costs associated with reproduction.

Question 14

Of Tinbergen's four questions, those that concern function and _______ address the ultimate causes of a behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of Tinbergen's four questions, those that concern...

Question 15

Which male white-crowned sparrow will sing his species-specific song?

Accepted Answer

A)  An adult male raised in isolation since a nestling 
B)  An adult male raised in isolation since a nestling and exposed to tapes of male white-crowned sparrows when six months old 
C)  An adult male raised in isolation since a nestling and exposed to tapes of male white-crowned sparrows during first two months of life, but deafened before starting to sing his species-specific song 
D)  An adult male deafened after he starts singing his species-specific song 
E)  An adult male raised in isolation and exposed to the sights and sounds of a closely related species while recordings of white-crowned sparrow song played on speakers 
A)  An adult male raised in isolation since a nestling 
B)  An adult male raised in isolation since a nestling and exposed to tapes of male white-crowned sparrows when six months old 
C)  An adult male raised in isolation since a nestling and exposed to tapes of male white-crowned sparrows during first two months of life, but deafened before starting to sing his species-specific song 
D)  An adult male deafened after he starts singing his species-specific song 
E)  An adult male raised in isolation and exposed to the sights and sounds of a closely related species while recordings of white-crowned sparrow song played on speakers

Question 16

A(n) _______ is a location where males gather to display and attract females, who typically choose males at the center of this area.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _______ is a location where males...

Question 17

The difference between the number of calories an animal expends while performing a behavior and the number it would have expended at rest is known as the _______ cost of that behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The difference between the number of calories...

Question 18

A bee is performing a waggle dance on the vertical surface of the honeycomb.The dance has a long waggle segment that goes straight upward.What is she communicating to her hivemates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food is close to the hive and located in the direction of the sun. 
B)  Food is far from the hive and located to the north. 
C)  Food is not available. 
D)  Food is far from the hive and located in the direction of the sun. 
E)  Food is far from the hive and located in the opposite direction from the sun. 
A)  Food is close to the hive and located in the direction of the sun. 
B)  Food is far from the hive and located to the north. 
C)  Food is not available. 
D)  Food is far from the hive and located in the direction of the sun. 
E)  Food is far from the hive and located in the opposite direction from the sun.

Question 19

A hungry rat placed in a Skinner box explores its new surroundings and at some point presses a bar.This action immediately results in delivery of a food pellet, which the rat eats.The food reward increases the likelihood that the rat will press the bar again.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a fixed action pattern. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  a conditioned reflex. 
D)  habituation. 
E)  operant conditioning. 
A)  a fixed action pattern. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  a conditioned reflex. 
D)  habituation. 
E)  operant conditioning.

Question 20

On which measure would acoustic signals be rated better than visual signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  The speed of transmission 
B)  The complexity of information 
C)  The effective distance 
D)  The localization of the sender 
E)  The durability 
A)  The speed of transmission 
B)  The complexity of information 
C)  The effective distance 
D)  The localization of the sender 
E)  The durability

Exam 52: Animal Behavior

Which research question does not refer to proximate causes of behavior?

Which of the following does not characterize chemical signals?

Which statement about haplodiploidy is false?

Which behavior would be predicted by the energy maximization hypothesis?

Which species would likely display aggressive territorial behavior?

Refer to the figure showing sex hormone manipulations of female rats. What is the correct final observation for female rats in treatments 2 and 3?

Which statement about the cost-benefit approach to animal behavior is false?

Which statement does not characterize individual variation in the singing behavior of a bird species?

Knockout experiments concerning pheromone receptors in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of mice have revealed that

Studying how urinary posture of the domestic dog changes from the juvenile period to adulthood would be classified as a question concerning _______ by Tinbergen (i.e., which of Tinbergen's four questions is being addressed?).

A male frog calling to attract females is eaten by a bat.This is an example of a(n) _______ cost.

Which of the following best explains why naked mole-rats are eusocial?

Which statement about female mammals is false?

Of Tinbergen's four questions, those that concern function and _______ address the ultimate causes of a behavior.

Which male white-crowned sparrow will sing his species-specific song?

A(n) _______ is a location where males gather to display and attract females, who typically choose males at the center of this area.

The difference between the number of calories an animal expends while performing a behavior and the number it would have expended at rest is known as the _______ cost of that behavior.

A bee is performing a waggle dance on the vertical surface of the honeycomb.The dance has a long waggle segment that goes straight upward.What is she communicating to her hivemates?

A hungry rat placed in a Skinner box explores its new surroundings and at some point presses a bar.This action immediately results in delivery of a food pellet, which the rat eats.The food reward increases the likelihood that the rat will press the bar again.This is an example of

On which measure would acoustic signals be rated better than visual signals?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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