Question 1

Refer to the figure showing territorial behavior of birds on a lek.   Which statement about this form of territorial behavior is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leks are sites of communal displays by males. 
B)  When on leks, males incur low costs of territorial defense. 
C)  Individual territories on leks are small. 
D)  Females typically mate with males on prime sites, typically at the center of the area. 
E)  Females that visit leks benefit by receiving superior genes for their offspring. 
A)  Leks are sites of communal displays by males. 
B)  When on leks, males incur low costs of territorial defense. 
C)  Individual territories on leks are small. 
D)  Females typically mate with males on prime sites, typically at the center of the area. 
E)  Females that visit leks benefit by receiving superior genes for their offspring.

Question 2

Which statement about circannual rhythms is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) also serve as the master clock for circannual rhythms. 
B)  An annual biological clock is important in timing migration. 
C)  Circannual rhythms help animals keep track of the time of year. 
D)  Endogenous circannual rhythms are especially important when changes in photoperiod are unavailable as seasonal cues. 
E)  An annual biological clock is important to hibernators. 
A)  The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) also serve as the master clock for circannual rhythms. 
B)  An annual biological clock is important in timing migration. 
C)  Circannual rhythms help animals keep track of the time of year. 
D)  Endogenous circannual rhythms are especially important when changes in photoperiod are unavailable as seasonal cues. 
E)  An annual biological clock is important to hibernators.

Question 3

Choose the incorrect match between the scientists who have studied animal behavior and their scientific contribution to this field.

Accepted Answer

A)  Konrad Lorenz: showed bond between parent and offspring develops during a critical period following birth 
B)  Karl von Frisch: showed bees communicate using dance 
C)  B. F. Skinner: showed random action of an animal can become a conditioned response to a stimulus if a reward is temporally associated with the action and stimulus 
D)  Ivan Pavlov: showed the begging behavior of gull chicks is a fixed action pattern 
E)  Niko Tinbergen: outlined four questions addressed by studies of animal behavior 
A)  Konrad Lorenz: showed bond between parent and offspring develops during a critical period following birth 
B)  Karl von Frisch: showed bees communicate using dance 
C)  B. F. Skinner: showed random action of an animal can become a conditioned response to a stimulus if a reward is temporally associated with the action and stimulus 
D)  Ivan Pavlov: showed the begging behavior of gull chicks is a fixed action pattern 
E)  Niko Tinbergen: outlined four questions addressed by studies of animal behavior

Question 4

Which statement about habitat selection is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is often based on absence of conspecifics, so as to avoid intraspecific competition. 
B)  In collared flycatchers, it is influenced by reproductive success of neighbors. 
C)  The cues used are reliable predictors of conditions suitable for future survival. 
D)  The cues used are reliable predictors of conditions suitable for future reproduction. 
E)  It is often based on simple cues. 
A)  It is often based on absence of conspecifics, so as to avoid intraspecific competition. 
B)  In collared flycatchers, it is influenced by reproductive success of neighbors. 
C)  The cues used are reliable predictors of conditions suitable for future survival. 
D)  The cues used are reliable predictors of conditions suitable for future reproduction. 
E)  It is often based on simple cues.

Question 5

In Tinbergen's research on begging by gull chicks, the red dot on the parent's bill is the releaser for the chick's pecking response, which is stereotypic and considered a _______.

Accepted Answer

fixed acti

Question 6

The use of a time-compensated solar compass can be demonstrated by conducting _______ experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)  relocation 
B)  clock-shifting 
C)  landmark-moving 
D)  sensory deprivation 
E)  magnetic field 
A)  relocation 
B)  clock-shifting 
C)  landmark-moving 
D)  sensory deprivation 
E)  magnetic field

Question 7

Which of the following does not characterize the per gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  It controls duration of the circadian rhythm in fruit flies. 
B)  When mutated, it can alter behavioral phenotype. 
C)  It is highly conserved in diverse organisms. 
D)  Variants of this gene cause either short or long circadian periods. 
E)  In humans, a variant causes familial advanced phase sleep syndrome in which circadian rhythms are abolished. 
A)  It controls duration of the circadian rhythm in fruit flies. 
B)  When mutated, it can alter behavioral phenotype. 
C)  It is highly conserved in diverse organisms. 
D)  Variants of this gene cause either short or long circadian periods. 
E)  In humans, a variant causes familial advanced phase sleep syndrome in which circadian rhythms are abolished.

Question 8

Chimps appear to eat the toxic pith of Vernonia amygdalina plants

Accepted Answer

A)  for its antiparasite properties. 
B)  because doing so reduces opportunity costs. 
C)  for its caloric benefits. 
D)  because it wards off potential predators. 
E)  for its nutrient content. 
A)  for its antiparasite properties. 
B)  because doing so reduces opportunity costs. 
C)  for its caloric benefits. 
D)  because it wards off potential predators. 
E)  for its nutrient content.

Question 9

In diploid organisms, on average what percentage of alleles does a parent share with its offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  75 percent 
E)  100 percent 
A)  0 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  75 percent 
E)  100 percent

Question 10

Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence that pigeons use magnetic cues when returning to their home loft?

Accepted Answer

A)  The detection and description of a neurophysiological magnetic transducer 
B)  Observations that orienting behavior takes place even on cloudy days 
C)  Evidence that the attachment of small magnets disrupts pigeons' homing behavior 
D)  Observations of pigeons gaining latitude information from magnetic fields 
E)  The discovery of magnetite particles in the cells of pigeons 
A)  The detection and description of a neurophysiological magnetic transducer 
B)  Observations that orienting behavior takes place even on cloudy days 
C)  Evidence that the attachment of small magnets disrupts pigeons' homing behavior 
D)  Observations of pigeons gaining latitude information from magnetic fields 
E)  The discovery of magnetite particles in the cells of pigeons

Question 11

On a territory within a lek, which of the following is/are defended?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females within the territory 
B)  Nesting or denning sites within the territory 
C)  Energy-rich food within the territory 
D)  Food that is rich in rare minerals or micronutrients within the territory 
E)  The territory itself (display site), which, depending on its location, can provide access to females 
A)  Females within the territory 
B)  Nesting or denning sites within the territory 
C)  Energy-rich food within the territory 
D)  Food that is rich in rare minerals or micronutrients within the territory 
E)  The territory itself (display site), which, depending on its location, can provide access to females

Question 12

Male three-spined sticklebacks occupy inland coastal waters where they aggressively defend their territories against intruding males.When tested with models of various shapes, sizes, and colors in the laboratory, males attacked crude models with red bellies more frequently than they attacked realistic models that lacked the characteristic red belly.These data suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression is learned. 
B)  the red color of the male's underside is an unconditioned response. 
C)  the red color of the male's underside is a conditioned reflex. 
D)  the red color of the male's underside is a fixed action pattern. 
E)  the red color of the male's underside is a releaser for aggression. 
A)  aggression is learned. 
B)  the red color of the male's underside is an unconditioned response. 
C)  the red color of the male's underside is a conditioned reflex. 
D)  the red color of the male's underside is a fixed action pattern. 
E)  the red color of the male's underside is a releaser for aggression.

Question 13

Whereas alarm calls tend to have a single frequency, _______ calls tend to cover a broad range of frequencies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whereas alarm calls tend to have a...

Question 14

Whereas development of male sexual behavior in rats requires the brain of a newborn be exposed to _______, development of sexual behavior in female rats does not require exposure to estrogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whereas development of male sexual behavior in...

Question 15

A male bird sings his species-specific song to claim his territory and attract mates.While singing, he cannot eat.This is an example of a(n) _______ cost.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A male bird sings his species-specific song...

Question 16

In situations of imprinting, parent‒offspring recognition often develops during a brief window of time known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In situations of imprinting, parent‒offspring recognition often...

Question 17

Which of the following does not characterize most group-living situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased risk of disease transmission 
B)  Enhanced acquisition and defense of food 
C)  Earlier detection of predators 
D)  Greater conspicuousness to predators 
E)  Decreased competition for food and mates 
A)  Increased risk of disease transmission 
B)  Enhanced acquisition and defense of food 
C)  Earlier detection of predators 
D)  Greater conspicuousness to predators 
E)  Decreased competition for food and mates

Question 18

Which statement about foraging behavior and optimal foraging theory is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Optimal foraging theory identifies the fitness value of feeding choices. 
B)  Optimal foraging theory applies the cost-benefit approach to feeding behavior. 
C)  Because eating is so critical to survival, opportunity costs are not incurred when an animal forages. 
D)  Optimal foraging theory predicts that when faced with several food items, an animal should make choices that maximize rate of energy acquisition. 
E)  Energy and nutrients gained from food are the primary benefits of foraging behavior. 
A)  Optimal foraging theory identifies the fitness value of feeding choices. 
B)  Optimal foraging theory applies the cost-benefit approach to feeding behavior. 
C)  Because eating is so critical to survival, opportunity costs are not incurred when an animal forages. 
D)  Optimal foraging theory predicts that when faced with several food items, an animal should make choices that maximize rate of energy acquisition. 
E)  Energy and nutrients gained from food are the primary benefits of foraging behavior.

Question 19

Circannual rhythms

Accepted Answer

A)  require information on changing day length. 
B)  are more important for birds that are year-round temperate residents than for birds that live at the equator and migrate to temperate areas to breed. 
C)  have shorter periods than circadian rhythms. 
D)  continue when animals are held under constant laboratory conditions. 
E)  can be disabled by lesioning the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). 
A)  require information on changing day length. 
B)  are more important for birds that are year-round temperate residents than for birds that live at the equator and migrate to temperate areas to breed. 
C)  have shorter periods than circadian rhythms. 
D)  continue when animals are held under constant laboratory conditions. 
E)  can be disabled by lesioning the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN).

Question 20

Which of the following does not characterize the waggle dance of honey bees?

Accepted Answer

A)  It conveys information about distance and direction of food source. 
B)  It can communicate location of food as far away as 10 kilometers from the hive. 
C)  The duration of the waggle portion of the dance indicates distance. 
D)  The angle of dance from the vertical indicates direction of food relative to the sun. 
E)  Hivemates gather information by visually following the dance of the returning forager. 
A)  It conveys information about distance and direction of food source. 
B)  It can communicate location of food as far away as 10 kilometers from the hive. 
C)  The duration of the waggle portion of the dance indicates distance. 
D)  The angle of dance from the vertical indicates direction of food relative to the sun. 
E)  Hivemates gather information by visually following the dance of the returning forager.

Exam 52: Animal Behavior

Refer to the figure showing territorial behavior of birds on a lek. Which statement about this form of territorial behavior is false?

Which statement about circannual rhythms is false?

Choose the incorrect match between the scientists who have studied animal behavior and their scientific contribution to this field.

Which statement about habitat selection is false?

In Tinbergen's research on begging by gull chicks, the red dot on the parent's bill is the releaser for the chick's pecking response, which is stereotypic and considered a _______.

The use of a time-compensated solar compass can be demonstrated by conducting _______ experiments.

Which of the following does not characterize the per gene?

Chimps appear to eat the toxic pith of Vernonia amygdalina plants

In diploid organisms, on average what percentage of alleles does a parent share with its offspring?

Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence that pigeons use magnetic cues when returning to their home loft?

On a territory within a lek, which of the following is/are defended?

Whereas alarm calls tend to have a single frequency, _______ calls tend to cover a broad range of frequencies.

Whereas development of male sexual behavior in rats requires the brain of a newborn be exposed to _______, development of sexual behavior in female rats does not require exposure to estrogen.

A male bird sings his species-specific song to claim his territory and attract mates.While singing, he cannot eat.This is an example of a(n) _______ cost.

In situations of imprinting, parent‒offspring recognition often develops during a brief window of time known as the _______.

Which of the following does not characterize most group-living situations?

Which statement about foraging behavior and optimal foraging theory is false?

Circannual rhythms

Which of the following does not characterize the waggle dance of honey bees?

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