Question 1

Which of the following does not characterize male courtship behavior in the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is stereotypic. 
B)  Development of the behavior is controlled by the gene fruitless, which is embedded in a gene cascade. 
C)  The behavior changes with experience. 
D)  The behavior is species-specific. 
E)  The behavior involves multiple movements, including following a female, tapping her body, and vibrating one wing. 
A)  It is stereotypic. 
B)  Development of the behavior is controlled by the gene fruitless, which is embedded in a gene cascade. 
C)  The behavior changes with experience. 
D)  The behavior is species-specific. 
E)  The behavior involves multiple movements, including following a female, tapping her body, and vibrating one wing.

Question 2

Deprivation experiments were used by _______ to demonstrate that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorists; a behavior could be modified by learning 
B)  behaviorists; an animal could be conditioned to perform an operation on its environment 
C)  ethologists; a behavior was genetically determined 
D)  behaviorists; experience could modify a simple behavior controlled by the nervous system 
E)  ethologists; genetically determined behaviors could serve as reproductive isolating mechanisms 
A)  behaviorists; a behavior could be modified by learning 
B)  behaviorists; an animal could be conditioned to perform an operation on its environment 
C)  ethologists; a behavior was genetically determined 
D)  behaviorists; experience could modify a simple behavior controlled by the nervous system 
E)  ethologists; genetically determined behaviors could serve as reproductive isolating mechanisms

Question 3

The ability of animals to return over long distances to a specific site, such as their nest site, is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of animals to return over...

Question 4

Selection for behaviors that enhance the reproductive success of relatives is called _______ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  kin 
B)  individual 
C)  group 
D)  inclusive 
E)  altruistic 
A)  kin 
B)  individual 
C)  group 
D)  inclusive 
E)  altruistic

Question 5

Which statement about gene cascades is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene cascades control simple but not complex behavioral phenotypes. 
B)  Certain genes within cascades influence many other genes. 
C)  The fru gene is part of the gene cascade that controls male courtship behavior in fruit flies. 
D)  A gene cascade controls sexual differentiation in fruit flies. 
E)  Changes in a single gene within a gene cascade can affect an animal's behavior and ultimately its fitness. 
A)  Gene cascades control simple but not complex behavioral phenotypes. 
B)  Certain genes within cascades influence many other genes. 
C)  The fru gene is part of the gene cascade that controls male courtship behavior in fruit flies. 
D)  A gene cascade controls sexual differentiation in fruit flies. 
E)  Changes in a single gene within a gene cascade can affect an animal's behavior and ultimately its fitness.

Question 6

A diurnal animal living in grassland habitat is marking its territory.What type of signal would it most likely use for maximum durability of the signal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual 
B)  Chemical signal with low volatility 
C)  Acoustic 
D)  Mechanosensory 
E)  Chemical signal with high volatility 
A)  Visual 
B)  Chemical signal with low volatility 
C)  Acoustic 
D)  Mechanosensory 
E)  Chemical signal with high volatility

Question 7

Which statement about alarm calling in Belding's ground squirrels is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calling is more likely when relatives are nearby. 
B)  Callers double their risk of being captured by a predator. 
C)  Warning others with an alarm call is an altruistic behavior. 
D)  Males are more likely than females to give alarm calls. 
E)  Calling increases survival chances of relatives. 
A)  Calling is more likely when relatives are nearby. 
B)  Callers double their risk of being captured by a predator. 
C)  Warning others with an alarm call is an altruistic behavior. 
D)  Males are more likely than females to give alarm calls. 
E)  Calling increases survival chances of relatives.

Question 8

Researchers have demonstrated that collared flycatchers determine the quality of a habitat

Accepted Answer

A)  by assessing the number of prey items in a small section of the habitat. 
B)  because of imprinting that took place shortly after hatching. 
C)  by estimating the amount of free water in the environment. 
D)  by observing the brood sizes of individuals already settled in the habitat. 
E)  by performing an opportunity-cost analysis. 
A)  by assessing the number of prey items in a small section of the habitat. 
B)  because of imprinting that took place shortly after hatching. 
C)  by estimating the amount of free water in the environment. 
D)  by observing the brood sizes of individuals already settled in the habitat. 
E)  by performing an opportunity-cost analysis.

Question 9

Which statement about the cues used by animals to select a habitat in which to settle is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cues can be simple. 
B)  The presence of conspecifics is used by some animals to select a habitat. 
C)  An abundance of select foods is used as a cue by some species with specialized food requirements. 
D)  In some species, individuals monitor the reproductive success of conspecifics when deciding where to settle the following year. 
E)  Cues regarding predators are usually given the lowest priority in habitat selection. 
A)  Cues can be simple. 
B)  The presence of conspecifics is used by some animals to select a habitat. 
C)  An abundance of select foods is used as a cue by some species with specialized food requirements. 
D)  In some species, individuals monitor the reproductive success of conspecifics when deciding where to settle the following year. 
E)  Cues regarding predators are usually given the lowest priority in habitat selection.

Question 10

Though _______ signals are versatile, rapid, and easy to localize, they are subject to interference, particularly in complex environments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Though _______ signals are versatile, rapid, and...

Question 11

When adult female songbirds are _______ in the spring, they _______ their species-specific song.

Accepted Answer

A)  injected with testosterone; sing 
B)  played tapes of the song of their species; sing 
C)  deafened; continue to sing 
D)  housed in isolation; stop singing 
E)  housed beside a singing male of their species; continue to sing 
A)  injected with testosterone; sing 
B)  played tapes of the song of their species; sing 
C)  deafened; continue to sing 
D)  housed in isolation; stop singing 
E)  housed beside a singing male of their species; continue to sing

Question 12

Foxes often cache excess food by burying it in the ground.A researcher rears in isolation a fox cub from birth; the cub has no access to dirt for digging.Once the fox is an adult, the researcher moves the fox to an outdoor enclosure.The researcher presents the fox with excess food to see if it will bury the food.This type of study is called a(n) _______ experiment, and it was used by _______ to demonstrate the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  knockout; ethologists; role of learning in behavior 
B)  isolation; behaviorists; genetic determination of a behavior 
C)  deprivation; behaviorists; development of a behavior 
D)  deprivation; ethologists; genetic determination of a behavior 
E)  isolation; behavioral ecologists; cost and benefits of a behavior 
A)  knockout; ethologists; role of learning in behavior 
B)  isolation; behaviorists; genetic determination of a behavior 
C)  deprivation; behaviorists; development of a behavior 
D)  deprivation; ethologists; genetic determination of a behavior 
E)  isolation; behavioral ecologists; cost and benefits of a behavior

Question 13

Which of the following is not a characteristic of imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs during a critical (sensitive) period. 
B)  Its effects can last a long time. 
C)  It is a form of learning. 
D)  It occurs during parent-offspring recognition. 
E)  Its effects are easily reversed. 
A)  It occurs during a critical (sensitive) period. 
B)  Its effects can last a long time. 
C)  It is a form of learning. 
D)  It occurs during parent-offspring recognition. 
E)  Its effects are easily reversed.

Question 14

By facilitating the reproductive success of its nondescendant kin, an animal can increase its _______ fitness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By facilitating the reproductive success of its...

Question 15

Refer to the figure showing models of gull heads of different shapes and colors.   Which gull model would evoke the lowest pecking response by gull chicks, and why?

Accepted Answer

Model 3 would evoke

Question 16

In diploid organisms, about what percentage of alleles do individuals share with the offspring of their siblings?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  75 percent 
E)  100 percent 
A)  0 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  75 percent 
E)  100 percent

Question 17

_______ are species-specific chemical signals not easily intercepted by predators.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are species-specific chemical signals not easily...

Question 18

Orienting by landmarks, such as done by gray whales migrating along the coast of western North America, is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  bicoordinate navigation. 
B)  true navigation. 
C)  piloting. 
D)  distance-and-direction navigation. 
E)  homing. 
A)  bicoordinate navigation. 
B)  true navigation. 
C)  piloting. 
D)  distance-and-direction navigation. 
E)  homing.

Question 19

Which rat will show female sexual behavior (lordosis) in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  A female rat treated with testosterone as a newborn and with estrogen as an adult 
B)  A female rat spayed as a newborn and treated with estrogen as an adult 
C)  A male rat castrated as a newborn and not treated with hormones as an adult 
D)  A female rat treated with testosterone both as a newborn and as an adult 
E)  A female rat spayed as a newborn and not treated with hormones as an adult 
A)  A female rat treated with testosterone as a newborn and with estrogen as an adult 
B)  A female rat spayed as a newborn and treated with estrogen as an adult 
C)  A male rat castrated as a newborn and not treated with hormones as an adult 
D)  A female rat treated with testosterone both as a newborn and as an adult 
E)  A female rat spayed as a newborn and not treated with hormones as an adult

Question 20

Which type of signal would be used by a nocturnal animal living in dense forest that wishes to quickly communicate its location to a distant family member?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual 
B)  Mechanosensory 
C)  Chemical signal with low volatility 
D)  Chemical signal with medium volatility 
E)  Acoustic 
A)  Visual 
B)  Mechanosensory 
C)  Chemical signal with low volatility 
D)  Chemical signal with medium volatility 
E)  Acoustic

Exam 52: Animal Behavior

Which of the following does not characterize male courtship behavior in the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster?

Deprivation experiments were used by _______ to demonstrate that _______.

The ability of animals to return over long distances to a specific site, such as their nest site, is known as _______.

Selection for behaviors that enhance the reproductive success of relatives is called _______ selection.

Which statement about gene cascades is false?

A diurnal animal living in grassland habitat is marking its territory.What type of signal would it most likely use for maximum durability of the signal?

Which statement about alarm calling in Belding's ground squirrels is false?

Researchers have demonstrated that collared flycatchers determine the quality of a habitat

Which statement about the cues used by animals to select a habitat in which to settle is false?

Though _______ signals are versatile, rapid, and easy to localize, they are subject to interference, particularly in complex environments.

When adult female songbirds are _______ in the spring, they _______ their species-specific song.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of imprinting?

By facilitating the reproductive success of its nondescendant kin, an animal can increase its _______ fitness.

Refer to the figure showing models of gull heads of different shapes and colors. Which gull model would evoke the lowest pecking response by gull chicks, and why?

In diploid organisms, about what percentage of alleles do individuals share with the offspring of their siblings?

_______ are species-specific chemical signals not easily intercepted by predators.

Orienting by landmarks, such as done by gray whales migrating along the coast of western North America, is known as

Which rat will show female sexual behavior (lordosis) in adulthood?

Which type of signal would be used by a nocturnal animal living in dense forest that wishes to quickly communicate its location to a distant family member?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Deprivation experiments were used by _ to demonstrate that _.

When adult female songbirds are _ in the spring, they _ their species-specific song.