Question 1

An observer of the night sky in the Northern Hemisphere would be able to see that

Accepted Answer

A)  Polaris (the "North Star") and the constellations move as Earth rotates. 
B)  Polaris and the constellations are fixed. 
C)  Polaris moves, but the constellations are fixed. 
D)  the constellations move, but Polaris is fixed. 
E)  it is impossible for nocturnal migrants to use stars to navigate. 
A)  Polaris (the "North Star") and the constellations move as Earth rotates. 
B)  Polaris and the constellations are fixed. 
C)  Polaris moves, but the constellations are fixed. 
D)  the constellations move, but Polaris is fixed. 
E)  it is impossible for nocturnal migrants to use stars to navigate.

Question 2

Which statement about gene cascades is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alterations in a single gene within a gene cascade can affect an animal's behavior and fitness. 
B)  Gene cascades create opportunities for simple genetic changes to alter complex behavior. 
C)  Genes within cascades can influence several other genes. 
D)  A gene cascade controls sexual differentiation in fruit flies. 
E)  The fru gene is not part of the genetic cascade that controls sexual differentiation in fruit flies. 
A)  Alterations in a single gene within a gene cascade can affect an animal's behavior and fitness. 
B)  Gene cascades create opportunities for simple genetic changes to alter complex behavior. 
C)  Genes within cascades can influence several other genes. 
D)  A gene cascade controls sexual differentiation in fruit flies. 
E)  The fru gene is not part of the genetic cascade that controls sexual differentiation in fruit flies.

Question 3

Briefly describe the limitations of the energy maximization hypothesis of optimal foraging theory.

Accepted Answer

The energy maximization hypothesis of op

Question 4

Which statement about sexual differentiation and behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male and female fruit flies have the same dsx and fru gene products. 
B)  The gene fruitless (fru) controls development of male courtship behavior in Drosophila. 
C)  The genes fruitless and doublesex are part of gene cascades that control sexual differentiation. 
D)  Gene cascades offer many points for a change in a single gene to influence behavior. 
E)  The gene doublesex (dsx) controls development of male anatomy in Drosophila. 
A)  Male and female fruit flies have the same dsx and fru gene products. 
B)  The gene fruitless (fru) controls development of male courtship behavior in Drosophila. 
C)  The genes fruitless and doublesex are part of gene cascades that control sexual differentiation. 
D)  Gene cascades offer many points for a change in a single gene to influence behavior. 
E)  The gene doublesex (dsx) controls development of male anatomy in Drosophila.

Question 5

To be classified as eusocial, the social groups of a species must contain _______.

Accepted Answer

nonreprodu

Question 6

Refer to the figure showing the honey bee waggle dance.   The bee performing the waggle dance in part A of the figure is communicating what to her hivemates?

Accepted Answer

The bee is communica

Question 7

Which studies or experiments were not performed by ethologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crossbreeding experiments 
B)  Deprivation experiments 
C)  Comparative studies 
D)  Field studies 
E)  Studies of operant conditioning 
A)  Crossbreeding experiments 
B)  Deprivation experiments 
C)  Comparative studies 
D)  Field studies 
E)  Studies of operant conditioning

Question 8

Which statement about circadian rhythms is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals kept in constant darkness at the same temperature continue to show daily sleep cycles. 
B)  In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are the master circadian clock. 
C)  Daily rhythms are entrained to the environmental cycle of light and dark. 
D)  Free-running describes the circadian period length in constant conditions. 
E)  When long-day adult hamsters made arrhythmic by destruction of their suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) subsequently received SCN tissue from short-day fetuses, their circadian rhythms were restored, and the restored rhythms had long-day lengths. 
A)  Animals kept in constant darkness at the same temperature continue to show daily sleep cycles. 
B)  In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are the master circadian clock. 
C)  Daily rhythms are entrained to the environmental cycle of light and dark. 
D)  Free-running describes the circadian period length in constant conditions. 
E)  When long-day adult hamsters made arrhythmic by destruction of their suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) subsequently received SCN tissue from short-day fetuses, their circadian rhythms were restored, and the restored rhythms had long-day lengths.

Question 9

Daily activity cycles are _______ rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A)  circannual 
B)  circalunidian 
C)  circadian 
D)  crepuscular 
E)  photoperiod 
A)  circannual 
B)  circalunidian 
C)  circadian 
D)  crepuscular 
E)  photoperiod

Question 10

Which of the following does not characterize haplodiploidy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a sex determination mechanism in which diploid individuals are female and haploid individuals are male. 
B)  If a female worker reproduced in this system, then she would share 50% of her genes with her daughters. 
C)  It occurs in Hymenoptera, a group that includes ants, bees, and wasps. 
D)  It results in sisters sharing about 75% of their genes. 
E)  It is essential for the evolution of eusociality in animals. 
A)  It is a sex determination mechanism in which diploid individuals are female and haploid individuals are male. 
B)  If a female worker reproduced in this system, then she would share 50% of her genes with her daughters. 
C)  It occurs in Hymenoptera, a group that includes ants, bees, and wasps. 
D)  It results in sisters sharing about 75% of their genes. 
E)  It is essential for the evolution of eusociality in animals.

Question 11

Refer to the graph showing the locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster flies that have been subjected to various gene-knockout experiments.   What can be inferred about the normal function of gene B in the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene B has little or no effect on locomotor activity. 
B)  Gene B interacts with gene A in controlling locomotor activity. 
C)  Gene B interacts with gene C in controlling locomotor activity. 
D)  Gene B is required for locomotor activity. 
E)  There is insufficient data to make an inference. 
A)  Gene B has little or no effect on locomotor activity. 
B)  Gene B interacts with gene A in controlling locomotor activity. 
C)  Gene B interacts with gene C in controlling locomotor activity. 
D)  Gene B is required for locomotor activity. 
E)  There is insufficient data to make an inference.

Question 12

Most prairie vole offspring stay at their natal (birth) burrow and help their parents raise the next litter(s).Which statement most likely does not characterize this example of "helpers at the nest"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Young prairie voles that leave home after weaning have almost no chance of independent reproduction. 
B)  Parents with helpers have more surviving young than parents without helpers. 
C)  Helpers are maximizing their direct fitness by staying home. 
D)  Helpers groom their younger siblings and huddle with them to keep them warm. 
E)  Helpers are maximizing their inclusive fitness until they have a better chance of independent reproduction. 
A)  Young prairie voles that leave home after weaning have almost no chance of independent reproduction. 
B)  Parents with helpers have more surviving young than parents without helpers. 
C)  Helpers are maximizing their direct fitness by staying home. 
D)  Helpers groom their younger siblings and huddle with them to keep them warm. 
E)  Helpers are maximizing their inclusive fitness until they have a better chance of independent reproduction.

Question 13

When studying moose foraging behavior, you note that moose spend some time eating aquatic plants even though the leaves of deciduous trees along the shore have higher energy content.What might explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feeding in the water increases opportunity costs. 
B)  Aquatic plants have an essential nutrient that is low or lacking in the leaves of deciduous leaves. 
C)  Feeding in the water has no influence on energetic costs. 
D)  Aquatic plants take more time to consume and process than the leaves of deciduous trees. 
E)  Feeding in the water increases risk costs. 
A)  Feeding in the water increases opportunity costs. 
B)  Aquatic plants have an essential nutrient that is low or lacking in the leaves of deciduous leaves. 
C)  Feeding in the water has no influence on energetic costs. 
D)  Aquatic plants take more time to consume and process than the leaves of deciduous trees. 
E)  Feeding in the water increases risk costs.

Question 14

You are interested in examining how living in social groups affects survival and reproductive success of prairie voles.Which of Tinbergen's four questions does this type of question represent, and does it refer to a proximate or ultimate cause of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Development; proximate 
B)  Function; ultimate 
C)  Causation; proximate 
D)  Evolution; ultimate 
E)  Comparison; ultimate 
A)  Development; proximate 
B)  Function; ultimate 
C)  Causation; proximate 
D)  Evolution; ultimate 
E)  Comparison; ultimate

Question 15

Which statement about songbirds is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brains of male and female songbirds are more similar in the nonbreeding season than in the breeding season. 
B)  New neurons are not produced in the brains of adult songbirds. 
C)  Female songbirds form a memory of their species-specific song when courted by males in adulthood. 
D)  Testosterone causes the song-learning portions of the male songbird's brain to shrink. 
E)  The onset of autumn prompts changes in hormone levels in male songbirds that cause the portion of the brain related to song to grow larger. 
A)  The brains of male and female songbirds are more similar in the nonbreeding season than in the breeding season. 
B)  New neurons are not produced in the brains of adult songbirds. 
C)  Female songbirds form a memory of their species-specific song when courted by males in adulthood. 
D)  Testosterone causes the song-learning portions of the male songbird's brain to shrink. 
E)  The onset of autumn prompts changes in hormone levels in male songbirds that cause the portion of the brain related to song to grow larger.

Question 16

Which statement about genes and behavior is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many patterns of complex behavior among different animals are coded for by a single gene. 
B)  Complex behaviors typically result from an interaction between genetic inheritance and learning. 
C)  Complex behaviors can be changed by alterations in a single gene. 
D)  Complex behaviors often are controlled by gene cascades. 
E)  Changes in the expression pattern of a gene can alter complex behaviors. 
A)  Many patterns of complex behavior among different animals are coded for by a single gene. 
B)  Complex behaviors typically result from an interaction between genetic inheritance and learning. 
C)  Complex behaviors can be changed by alterations in a single gene. 
D)  Complex behaviors often are controlled by gene cascades. 
E)  Changes in the expression pattern of a gene can alter complex behaviors.

Question 17

Refer to the figure showing sex hormone manipulations of male rats.   What is the correct final observation for male rats in the presence of a receptive female in treatments 2 and 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment 2: Male will display female sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will not display sexual behavior. 
B)  Treatment 2: Male will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will copulate with a receptive female. 
C)  Treatment 2: Male will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will not display sexual behavior. 
D)  Treatment 2: Male will copulate with a receptive female. Treatment 3: Male will copulate with the female. 
E)  Treatment 2: Male will display female sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will copulate with a receptive female. 
A)  Treatment 2: Male will display female sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will not display sexual behavior. 
B)  Treatment 2: Male will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will copulate with a receptive female. 
C)  Treatment 2: Male will not display sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will not display sexual behavior. 
D)  Treatment 2: Male will copulate with a receptive female. Treatment 3: Male will copulate with the female. 
E)  Treatment 2: Male will display female sexual behavior. Treatment 3: Male will copulate with a receptive female.

Question 18

Which white-crowned sparrow will only sing the species-typical song in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  A male raised in isolation and exposed to tapes of lark sparrow song before 2 months of age 
B)  A male raised in isolation and exposed to tapes of lark sparrow song at 6 months of age 
C)  A male raised in isolation and exposed to tapes of white-crowned sparrow song before 2 months of age while housed next to an adult male lark sparrow 
D)  A male raised in isolation, exposed to tapes of white-crowned sparrow song before 2 months of age, and deafened after his song has crystallized 
E)  A wild-caught female that heard her father sing while she was a nestling 
A)  A male raised in isolation and exposed to tapes of lark sparrow song before 2 months of age 
B)  A male raised in isolation and exposed to tapes of lark sparrow song at 6 months of age 
C)  A male raised in isolation and exposed to tapes of white-crowned sparrow song before 2 months of age while housed next to an adult male lark sparrow 
D)  A male raised in isolation, exposed to tapes of white-crowned sparrow song before 2 months of age, and deafened after his song has crystallized 
E)  A wild-caught female that heard her father sing while she was a nestling

Question 19

Which of the following does not characterize the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the master circadian clock. 
B)  Its destruction results in arrhythmia. 
C)  It consists of two clusters of neurons. 
D)  Its underlying molecular mechanism involves positive feedback loops. 
E)  It is located above the optic chiasm. 
A)  It is the master circadian clock. 
B)  Its destruction results in arrhythmia. 
C)  It consists of two clusters of neurons. 
D)  Its underlying molecular mechanism involves positive feedback loops. 
E)  It is located above the optic chiasm.

Question 20

Imprinting would not occur in which animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Birds rearing young in a large colony where nests are closely spaced 
B)  Ungulates (hoofed mammals) living in herds 
C)  Bats in which mothers leave their young in a large maternity roost in a cave 
D)  Solitary large cats like cheetahs that rear their young in dense vegetation, apart from conspecifics 
E)  Birds in which young leave the nest soon after hatching 
A)  Birds rearing young in a large colony where nests are closely spaced 
B)  Ungulates (hoofed mammals) living in herds 
C)  Bats in which mothers leave their young in a large maternity roost in a cave 
D)  Solitary large cats like cheetahs that rear their young in dense vegetation, apart from conspecifics 
E)  Birds in which young leave the nest soon after hatching

Exam 52: Animal Behavior

An observer of the night sky in the Northern Hemisphere would be able to see that

Which statement about gene cascades is false?

Briefly describe the limitations of the energy maximization hypothesis of optimal foraging theory.

Which statement about sexual differentiation and behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is false?

To be classified as eusocial, the social groups of a species must contain _______.

Refer to the figure showing the honey bee waggle dance. The bee performing the waggle dance in part A of the figure is communicating what to her hivemates?

Which studies or experiments were not performed by ethologists?

Which statement about circadian rhythms is false?

Daily activity cycles are _______ rhythms.

Which of the following does not characterize haplodiploidy?

Refer to the graph showing the locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster flies that have been subjected to various gene-knockout experiments. What can be inferred about the normal function of gene B in the graph?

Most prairie vole offspring stay at their natal (birth) burrow and help their parents raise the next litter(s).Which statement most likely does not characterize this example of "helpers at the nest"?

When studying moose foraging behavior, you note that moose spend some time eating aquatic plants even though the leaves of deciduous trees along the shore have higher energy content.What might explain this observation?

You are interested in examining how living in social groups affects survival and reproductive success of prairie voles.Which of Tinbergen's four questions does this type of question represent, and does it refer to a proximate or ultimate cause of behavior?

Which statement about songbirds is true?

Which statement about genes and behavior is false?

Refer to the figure showing sex hormone manipulations of male rats. What is the correct final observation for male rats in the presence of a receptive female in treatments 2 and 3?

Which white-crowned sparrow will only sing the species-typical song in adulthood?

Which of the following does not characterize the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of mammals?

Imprinting would not occur in which animals?

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Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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